Groin InjuryNCT07297537
Adductor Endurance Test: Validity and Reliability
A study testing Hip Adductor Endurance and Strength Testing in people with Groin Injury and Hip Injuries, run by Izmir Democracy University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Groin and hip injuries are common in team sports-especially soccer, rugby, and ice hockey-and frequently affect male and young athletes. About 14% of all sports injuries involve the groin and hip region, with most related to the adductor muscles. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Groin Injury, Hip Injuries, Athletic Injuries
- What is being tested?
- Hip Adductor Endurance and Strength Testing
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 18 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Apr 2026to 15 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being between 18 and 30 years of age
- Being a professional soccer player for at least four years
- Actively participating in training sessions
- Scoring >87.5 points on the hip and groin injury questionnaire (HAGOS) sports subscale
Who cannot join
- Having any orthopedic injury involving the lower extremities that would prevent participation in training sessions
- Experiencing pain rated four or higher on the numerical pain rating scale during the hip adductor squeeze test and palpation of the adductor muscle tendons.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Validity and Reliability of the Adductor Endurance Test Developed for the Hip Adductor Muscles
Groin and hip injuries are common in team sports-especially soccer, rugby, and ice hockey-and frequently affect male and young athletes. About 14% of all sports injuries involve the groin and hip region, with most related to the adductor muscles. These injuries often increase during congested match periods and may result in athletes missing 1 to 6.9 weeks of training or competition, extending up to 14 weeks when surgery is required. Weakness in the adductor muscles is a key risk factor for groin injuries, and current assessments primarily measure maximal strength using tools such as squeeze tests, sphygmomanometers, or dynamometers. However, muscle endurance-critical because many injuries occur under fatigue-has not been adequately studied, and no validated endurance tests for the hip adductors exist. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of a newly developed hip adductor endurance test for monitoring endurance strength in professional soccer players.
Read the detailed description
Groin and hip injuries are common in various team sports such as soccer, rugby, and ice hockey, and are particularly prevalent among male athletes and young athletes aged 15-24 . Studies show that approximately 14% of all injuries occur in the groin and hip regions, and 63% of these are directly related to the adductor muscles . Furthermore, these injuries increase during periods when matches are played at frequent intervals. Research conducted by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) within the scope of the Champions League has reported an injury rate of 1.1 per 1,000 match hours for this type of injury. A significant consequence of these injuries is that players are unable to participate in training or matches for an average of 1 to 6.9 weeks ; when surgical intervention is required, this period can extend up to 14 weeks . This situation strains the financial resources of clubs and negatively affects the overall performance of the team . Given the importance of these injuries, it is crucial to regularly monitor athletes' health and take protective measures when necessary . Weakness in the adductor muscles is an important risk factor in predicting groin and hip injury risk. Adductor muscle strength measurements are usually performed using the hip adductor squeeze test, which is both accurate and reliable. During the test, a measuring device is placed between the player's knees, and they are asked to squeeze their legs together. Research has shown that decreased adductor muscle strength may indicate a risk of groin pain development in soccer players. Furthermore, it has been reported that previously injured athletes have weaker adductor muscles compared to uninjured athletes before the season. This information has led to the development of new monitoring methods to detect early signs of muscle weakness in athletes throughout the season and to initiate strengthening exercises. Therefore, the availability and development of easily applicable tests to determine muscle strength may be beneficial for coaches and physical therapists in preventive interventions.
Various technologies such as sphygmomanometers, isometric dynamometers, and isokinetic dynamometers are used to measure adductor strength. In these measurements, peak force variables obtained during isometric contraction of the adductor muscles are recorded. However, all of these methods have been developed to assess the maximum muscle strength of the adductor muscles. Since the vast majority of muscle injuries develop after muscle fatigue, assessing the muscles' ability to resist force over a long period of time may be indicative in predicting muscle injuries. However, there are no studies in the scientific literature on tests used to measure muscle endurance, which is the ability of the hip adductor muscles to resist prolonged force.
The aim of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the hip adductor endurance test, which will be used to measure hip adductor endurance strength in professional soccer players.
- Conditions
- Groin Injury, Hip Injuries, Athletic Injuries
- Being tested
- Hip Adductor Endurance and Strength Testing
- Keywords
- Hip adductor muscles, Adductor endurance, Sports injuries, Validity, Reliability
- Medical subject headings
- Hip Injuries, Athletic Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Hip Adductor Endurance and Strength TestingOther
Participants will perform the Hip Adductor Endurance Test to assess adductor muscle endurance, followed by isometric maximum force assessment using the fixed dynamometer (GroinBar) . Tests are conducted in randomized order before routine training sessions, after a 5-minute light aerobic warm-up and dynamic stretching
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Test Group | Experimental | Participants perform the Hip Adductor Endurance Test and GroinBar isometric strength test in randomized order. Receives: Other: Hip Adductor Endurance and Strength Testing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain Assessment
Pain felt during the adductor squeeze test and adductor palpation test, which are applied for inclusion/exclusion criteria, will be assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The patient will be asked to mark the level of pain they feel on a 10 cm line, and the marked location will then be measured with a ruler and recorded.
Measured: baseline
Evaluation of Maximum Isometric Muscle Strength of the Hip Adductor Muscles
Hip adductor strength of both lower extremities will be assessed simultaneously using the GroinBar fixed dynamometer (VALD Performance, Australia), a highly reliable method (ICC=0.94). Strength will be measured in two positions: short lever arm (hips 60°, knees 90° flexed, force applied at medial knee epicondyles) and long lever arm (hips and knees extended, force applied 5 cm proximal to medial malleoli). Athletes perform three 5-second maximal isometric contractions per position, with 5-10 seconds rest between repetitions and 20-30 seconds between positions. A trial at 80% of maximal effort is allowed before measurement. Verbal encouragement is provided, and the highest values in Newtons (N) for both dominant and non-dominant legs are recorded; strength ratios are subsequently calculated.
Measured: baseline
Hip Adductor Endurance Test
Hip adductor endurance will be assessed using a time-based version of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise, which elicits high adductor activation. Participants lie on their side, lift their body concentrically, hold the isometric position as long as possible, and lower eccentrically. The test focuses on maintaining correct alignment and endurance duration rather than maximal force, converting the Copenhagen exercise into an endurance assessment protocol.
Measured: baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Dec 2025
- Study start15 Apr 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Oct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Groin InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- All participants undergo the Hip Adductor Endurance Test and fixed dynamometer (GroinBar) isometric strength test in randomized order.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Democracy University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ferruh Taşpınar, Izmir Democracy University
- Investigators
- Betül Taspinar, Prof.Dr., Principal investigator, Izmir Democracy UniversityAyşe Sezgi Kızılırmak Karataş, Pt.PhD, Study director, Izmir Democracy UniversityMesut Buğday, Pt., Study director, Göztepe Sports Club
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07297537
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HAET-VR-35
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 9 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 30 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Validity and Reliability of the Adductor Endurance Test Developed for the Hip Adductor Muscles
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07297537
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HAET-VR-35
- Conditions
- Groin Injury, Hip Injuries, Athletic Injuries
- Keywords
- Hip adductor muscles, Adductor endurance, Sports injuries, Validity, Reliability
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Democracy UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Apr 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Groin and hip injuries are common in team sports-especially soccer, rugby, and ice hockey-and frequently affect male and young athletes. About 14% of all sports injuries involve the groin and hip region, with most related to the adductor muscles. These injuries often increase during congested match periods and may result in athletes missing 1 to 6.9 weeks of training or competition, extending up to 14 weeks when surgery is required. Weakness in the adductor muscles is a key risk factor for groin injuries, and current assessments primarily measure maximal strength using tools such as squeeze tests, sphygmomanometers, or dynamometers. However, muscle endurance-critical because many injuries occur under fatigue-has not been adequately studied, and no validated endurance tests for the hip adductors exist. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of a newly developed hip adductor endurance test for monitoring endurance strength in professional soccer players.
Detailed description
Groin and hip injuries are common in various team sports such as soccer, rugby, and ice hockey, and are particularly prevalent among male athletes and young athletes aged 15-24 . Studies show that approximately 14% of all injuries occur in the groin and hip regions, and 63% of these are directly related to the adductor muscles . Furthermore, these injuries increase during periods when matches are played at frequent intervals. Research conducted by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) within the scope of the Champions League has reported an injury rate of 1.1 per 1,000 match hours for this type of injury. A significant consequence of these injuries is that players are unable to participate in training or matches for an average of 1 to 6.9 weeks ; when surgical intervention is required, this period can extend up to 14 weeks . This situation strains the financial resources of clubs and negatively affects the overall performance of the team . Given the importance of these injuries, it is crucial to regularly monitor athletes' health and take protective measures when necessary . Weakness in the adductor muscles is an important risk factor in predicting groin and hip injury risk. Adductor muscle strength measurements are usually performed using the hip adductor squeeze test, which is both accurate and reliable. During the test, a measuring device is placed between the player's knees, and they are asked to squeeze their legs together. Research has shown that decreased adductor muscle strength may indicate a risk of groin pain development in soccer players. Furthermore, it has been reported that previously injured athletes have weaker adductor muscles compared to uninjured athletes before the season. This information has led to the development of new monitoring methods to detect early signs of muscle weakness in athletes throughout the season and to initiate strengthening exercises. Therefore, the availability and development of easily applicable tests to determine muscle strength may be beneficial for coaches and physical therapists in preventive interventions.
Various technologies such as sphygmomanometers, isometric dynamometers, and isokinetic dynamometers are used to measure adductor strength. In these measurements, peak force variables obtained during isometric contraction of the adductor muscles are recorded. However, all of these methods have been developed to assess the maximum muscle strength of the adductor muscles. Since the vast majority of muscle injuries develop after muscle fatigue, assessing the muscles' ability to resist force over a long period of time may be indicative in predicting muscle injuries. However, there are no studies in the scientific literature on tests used to measure muscle endurance, which is the ability of the hip adductor muscles to resist prolonged force.
The aim of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the hip adductor endurance test, which will be used to measure hip adductor endurance strength in professional soccer players.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- All participants undergo the Hip Adductor Endurance Test and fixed dynamometer (GroinBar) isometric strength test in randomized order.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Test Group | Experimental | Other: Hip Adductor Endurance and Strength TestingParticipants perform the Hip Adductor Endurance Test and GroinBar isometric strength test in randomized order. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being between 18 and 30 years of age
- Being a professional soccer player for at least four years
- Actively participating in training sessions
- Scoring >87.5 points on the hip and groin injury questionnaire (HAGOS) sports subscale
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Having any orthopedic injury involving the lower extremities that would prevent participation in training sessions
- Experiencing pain rated four or higher on the numerical pain rating scale during the hip adductor squeeze test and palpation of the adductor muscle tendons.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Adductor Endurance and Strength TestingParticipants will perform the Hip Adductor Endurance Test to assess adductor muscle endurance, followed by isometric maximum force assessment using the fixed dynamometer (GroinBar) . Tests are conducted in randomized order before routine training sessions, after a 5-minute light aerobic warm-up and dynamic stretching | Other | Test Group |
Primary outcome
Pain Assessment
Time frame: baseline
Pain felt during the adductor squeeze test and adductor palpation test, which are applied for inclusion/exclusion criteria, will be assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The patient will be asked to mark the level of pain they feel on a 10 cm line, and the marked location will then be measured with a ruler and recorded.
Evaluation of Maximum Isometric Muscle Strength of the Hip Adductor Muscles
Time frame: baseline
Hip adductor strength of both lower extremities will be assessed simultaneously using the GroinBar fixed dynamometer (VALD Performance, Australia), a highly reliable method (ICC=0.94). Strength will be measured in two positions: short lever arm (hips 60°, knees 90° flexed, force applied at medial knee epicondyles) and long lever arm (hips and knees extended, force applied 5 cm proximal to medial malleoli). Athletes perform three 5-second maximal isometric contractions per position, with 5-10 seconds rest between repetitions and 20-30 seconds between positions. A trial at 80% of maximal effort is allowed before measurement. Verbal encouragement is provided, and the highest values in Newtons (N) for both dominant and non-dominant legs are recorded; strength ratios are subsequently calculated.
Hip Adductor Endurance Test
Time frame: baseline
Hip adductor endurance will be assessed using a time-based version of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise, which elicits high adductor activation. Participants lie on their side, lift their body concentrically, hold the isometric position as long as possible, and lower eccentrically. The test focuses on maintaining correct alignment and endurance duration rather than maximal force, converting the Copenhagen exercise into an endurance assessment protocol.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Betül Taspinar, Prof.Dr. principal investigator
Izmir Democracy University
Ayşe Sezgi Kızılırmak Karataş, Pt.PhD study director
Izmir Democracy University
Mesut Buğday, Pt. study director
Göztepe Sports Club
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Hip Adductor Endurance and Strength Testing in people with Groin Injury and Hip Injuries, run by Izmir Democracy University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Ferruh Taspinar, Prof.Dr. (+90542 685 38 77, ferruh.taspinar@idu.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain Assessment (time frame: baseline). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Dec 2025.