Parkinson DiseaseVR PNF RPT PDNCT07308093
Comparative Effects of Virtual Reality and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
A study testing Intervention 1 and artificial intelligence in people with Parkinson Disease, run by Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Parkinson's Disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies).It impacts both motor and non-motor systems, with growing global prevalence-affecting 7-10 million people, mostly men over 60… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Parkinson Disease
- What is being tested?
- Intervention 1 and artificial intelligence
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 28 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 15 Nov 2026to 31 Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease according to Gelb's criteria
- Stage II-IV Hoehn \&Yahr scale
- Intact cognition status (MMSE > 24)
- 50-80 years of age
Who cannot join
- History of PD surgery
- Phobia of virtual gaming systems
- Visual anomalies
- Cardiovascular problems
- Severe dyskinesia or "on-off" fluctuations
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site
Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
Shoaib Waqas, PhD, shoaib.waqas@ubas.edu.pk
About this study
Official title: Effects of Virtual Reality and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Upper Limb Sensorimotor Control Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease.
Parkinson's Disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies).It impacts both motor and non-motor systems, with growing global prevalence-affecting 7-10 million people, mostly men over 60 years-due to increasing life expectancy and demographic shifts.
PD shows motor symptoms like tremors and bradykinesia, along with non-motor issues like depression, REM sleep disorder, and cognitive decline. Diagnosis is often delayed due to subtle early signs like constipation or shoulder pain and atypical cases lacking classical tremors.
Read more
VR offers immersive, task-specific therapy that enhances motor learning and neuroplasticity in a safe, engaging environment. By integrating sensory feedback and real-time motion tracking, VR reduces tremors, promotes cortical reorganization (notably in the sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum), and increases rehabilitation motivation through gamified experiences.
PNF is a hands-on therapy using tactile, auditory, and proprioceptive cues to improve coordination, strength, and movement patterns. Especially useful in Parkinson's rehabilitation, PNF targets rigidity, bradykinesia, tremors, and postural instability by reinforcing neuromuscular coordination and improving movement execution in functional, diagonal planes.
Sensorimotor control is the dynamic integration of sensory input, motor planning, and execution, which becomes disrupted in PD due to impaired proprioception and feedback loops. Patients rely excessively on visual feedback, making movement effortful, highlighting the need for focused upper limb rehabilitation strategies.
Read the detailed description
- Experimental: (VR+ RPT) Participants in this group received Virtual Reality (VR)-based training in addition to Routine Physical Therapy (RPT). The VR intervention was delivered using the Oculus Meta Quest 3 headset and consisted of immersive, goal-directed tasks performed three times per week for six weeks, each session lasting 30 minutes at a moderate intensity (RPE 11-13). VR tasks were designed to target specific motor impairments, including pick-and-place tasks for kinetic tremor reduction, tracing tasks to address bradykinesia, and reaching and grasping tasks to improve proprioception. Participants interacted with five virtual balls in a simulated environment, transferring them from one basket to another under therapist supervision. Alongside VR, participants also underwent Routine Physical Therapy (RPT) three times per week for six weeks, each 40-minute session consisting of a warm-up with diaphragmatic breathing, 30 minutes of stretching and strengthening for the core, hip, knee, back, and elbow extensors, and a cool-down with static stretches for major muscle groups.
- Control: (PNF+RPT) Participants in this group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) therapy in addition to Routine Physical Therapy (RPT). PNF was administered three times per week for six weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes at a moderate intensity (RPE 11-13). Specific PNF techniques were selected for symptom management: slow reversal for kinetic tremor to improve coordinated agonist-antagonist contractions, rhythmic initiation for bradykinesia to facilitate movement initiation, and tactile input to enhance proprioception and body awareness. PNF was administered under the direct guidance of a physical therapist, with manual contact and graded resistance tailored to individual capacity. Participants also received RPT on the same schedule and with the same structure as described for the experimental group, including warm-up breathing, targeted stretching and strengthening, and cool-down static stretches.
- Conditions
- Parkinson Disease
- Being tested
- Intervention 1, artificial intelligence
- Keywords
- Parkinson Disease, Sensorimotor Control, Virtual Reality Therapy, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Upper Limb Rehabilitation, Neuroplasticity
- Medical subject headings
- Parkinson Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Intervention 1Other
Also called Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Participants in the control group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) therapy three times per week for a total duration of six weeks. Each session lasted approximately 30 minutes and was conducted at a moderate intensity, corresponding to an RPE of 11-13 on the Borg scale. For kinetic tremors, the slow reversal technique was applied. For bradykinesia, the rhythmic initiation technique was used. And to enhance proprioception, tactile input was provided through manual contact, resistance, and stretch applied by the therapist at key points of the movement pattern.
artificial intelligenceDevice
Participants in the experimental group underwent Virtual Reality (VR) training three times per week for a total of six weeks. Each session lasted approximately 30 minutes and was conducted at a moderate intensity, defined by the repetition of VR tasks five times per session. The intervention was delivered using the Oculus Meta Quest 2 head-mounted display, providing an immersive and interactive environment under the close supervision of a licensed physical therapist. The central activity involved 2 modules. Ball Shifting Module picking and placing five virtual balls within the simulated environment and transferring them from one basket to another. Cube Navigation Module, in this task, users guide a virtual cube through highlighted cells or routes using deliberate movements, requiring precise hand positioning and controlled movement paths.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality | Experimental | Participants in this group received Virtual Reality (VR)-based training in addition to Routine Physical Therapy (RPT). The VR intervention was delivered using the Oculus Meta Quest 3 headset and consisted of immersive, goal-directed tasks performed three times per week for six weeks, each session lasting 30 minutes at a moderate intensity (RPE 11-13). VR tasks were designed to target specific motor impairments, including pick-and-place tasks for kinetic tremor reduction, tracing tasks to address bradykinesia, and reaching and grasping tasks to improve proprioception. Participants interacted with five virtual balls in a simulated environment, transferring them from one basket to another under therapist supervision. Alongside VR, participants also underwent Routine Physical Therapy (RPT) three times per week for six weeks, each 40-minute session consisting of a warm-up with diaphragmatic breathing, stretching, strengthening and cool-down. Receives: Device: artificial intelligence |
| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation | Active comparator | Participants in this group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) therapy in addition to Routine Physical Therapy (RPT). PNF was administered three times per week for six weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes at a moderate intensity (RPE 11-13). Specific PNF techniques were selected for symptom management: slow reversal for kinetic tremor to improve coordinated agonist-antagonist contractions, rhythmic initiation for bradykinesia to facilitate movement initiation, and tactile input to enhance proprioception and body awareness. PNF was administered under the direct guidance of a physical therapist, with manual contact and graded resistance tailored to individual capacity. Participants also received RPT on the same schedule and with the same structure as described for the experimental group, including warm-up breathing, targeted stretching and strengthening, and cool-down static stretches. Receives: Other: Intervention 1 |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Kinetic Tremors
Kinetic Tremors It is going to be measured by: Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale with internal consistency of Cronbach's α = 0.90.
FTMTRS - Kinetic Tremor Section
Rate the severity of tremor during each task using the following scale:
- Writing: _______
- Drawing (Archimedes spiral): _______
- Pouring water: _______
- Drinking from a cup: _______ • Total Kinetic Tremor Score: _______/16 (0 = No tremor, 1 = Mild, intermittent, 2 = Moderate, intermittent or mild, continuous, 3 = Marked, intermittent or moderate, continuous, 4 = Severe, continuous)
Measured: 6 weeks
Bradykinesia
It is going to be measured by: MDS-UPDRS Part III with internal consistency of Cronbach's α: 0.90-0.93.
MDS-UPDRS Part III - Bradykinesia Items (3.4-3.6)
Rate each movement on a scale from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe):
- 3.4 L\&R Finger Tapping: _______
- 3.5 L\&R Hand Movements (open/close hands): _______
- 3.6 L\&R Pronation-Supination of Hands: _______ • Total Bradykinesia Score (3.4-3.6): _______/24
Measured: 6 weeks
Proprioception
•It is going to be measured by: Fugl Meyer UE Proprioception subscale with internal consistency of Cronbach's α: at 0.94-0.98.
Scoring:
0 = Only a few degrees (less than 10° in shoulder)
- = Decreased
- = Normal
Shoulder Movement 0 1 2 Flexion (0°-180°) ☐ ☐ ☐ Abduction (0°-90°) ☐ ☐ ☐ External Rotation ☐ ☐ ☐ Internal Rotation ☐ ☐ ☐ Elbow Movement 0 1 2 Flexion ☐ ☐ ☐ Extension ☐ ☐ ☐ Forearm Movement 0 1 2 Pronation ☐ ☐ ☐ Supination ☐ ☐ ☐ Wrist Movement 0 1 2 Flexion ☐ ☐ ☐ Extension ☐ ☐ ☐ Fingers Movement 0 1 2 Flexion ☐ ☐ ☐ Extension ☐ ☐ ☐
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Dec 2025
- Study start15 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionDec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Parkinson DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Lahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Not Needed
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Prof. Dr. Shoaib Waqas, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences
- Investigators
- Shoaib Waqas, PhD, Study chair, Lahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesJaveria Younas, DPT, Principal investigator, Lahore College of Physical TherapyFatima Rehan, DPT, Principal investigator, Lahore College of Physical TherapyLaiba Dhillon, DPT, Principal investigator, Lahore College of Physical Therapy
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07308093
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- DPT/ERB/33
- Other IDs
- U1111-1332-3369
- Acronym
- VR PNF RPT PD
- Status last verified
- Nov 2026
- First submitted
- 15 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 5 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: After the publication
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Virtual Reality and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Upper Limb Sensorimotor Control Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07308093
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VR PNF RPT PD / DPT/ERB/33
- Conditions
- Parkinson Disease
- Keywords
- Parkinson Disease, Sensorimotor Control, Virtual Reality Therapy, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Upper Limb Rehabilitation, Neuroplasticity
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Lahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 29 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Parkinson's Disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies).It impacts both motor and non-motor systems, with growing global prevalence-affecting 7-10 million people, mostly men over 60 years-due to increasing life expectancy and demographic shifts.
PD shows motor symptoms like tremors and bradykinesia, along with non-motor issues like depression, REM sleep disorder, and cognitive decline. Diagnosis is often delayed due to subtle early signs like constipation or shoulder pain and atypical cases lacking classical tremors.
VR offers immersive, task-specific therapy that enhances motor learning and neuroplasticity in a safe, engaging environment. By integrating sensory feedback and real-time motion tracking, VR reduces tremors, promotes cortical reorganization (notably in the sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum), and increases rehabilitation motivation through gamified experiences.
PNF is a hands-on therapy using tactile, auditory, and proprioceptive cues to improve coordination, strength, and movement patterns. Especially useful in Parkinson's rehabilitation, PNF targets rigidity, bradykinesia, tremors, and postural instability by reinforcing neuromuscular coordination and improving movement execution in functional, diagonal planes.
Sensorimotor control is the dynamic integration of sensory input, motor planning, and execution, which becomes disrupted in PD due to impaired proprioception and feedback loops. Patients rely excessively on visual feedback, making movement effortful, highlighting the need for focused upper limb rehabilitation strategies.
Detailed description
- Experimental: (VR+ RPT) Participants in this group received Virtual Reality (VR)-based training in addition to Routine Physical Therapy (RPT). The VR intervention was delivered using the Oculus Meta Quest 3 headset and consisted of immersive, goal-directed tasks performed three times per week for six weeks, each session lasting 30 minutes at a moderate intensity (RPE 11-13). VR tasks were designed to target specific motor impairments, including pick-and-place tasks for kinetic tremor reduction, tracing tasks to address bradykinesia, and reaching and grasping tasks to improve proprioception. Participants interacted with five virtual balls in a simulated environment, transferring them from one basket to another under therapist supervision. Alongside VR, participants also underwent Routine Physical Therapy (RPT) three times per week for six weeks, each 40-minute session consisting of a warm-up with diaphragmatic breathing, 30 minutes of stretching and strengthening for the core, hip, knee, back, and elbow extensors, and a cool-down with static stretches for major muscle groups.
- Control: (PNF+RPT) Participants in this group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) therapy in addition to Routine Physical Therapy (RPT). PNF was administered three times per week for six weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes at a moderate intensity (RPE 11-13). Specific PNF techniques were selected for symptom management: slow reversal for kinetic tremor to improve coordinated agonist-antagonist contractions, rhythmic initiation for bradykinesia to facilitate movement initiation, and tactile input to enhance proprioception and body awareness. PNF was administered under the direct guidance of a physical therapist, with manual contact and graded resistance tailored to individual capacity. Participants also received RPT on the same schedule and with the same structure as described for the experimental group, including warm-up breathing, targeted stretching and strengthening, and cool-down static stretches.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Not Needed
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality | Experimental | Device: artificial intelligenceParticipants in this group received Virtual Reality (VR)-based training in addition to Routine Physical Therapy (RPT). The VR intervention was delivered using the Oculus Meta Quest 3 headset and consisted of immersive, goal-directed tasks performed three times per week for six weeks, each session lasting 30 minutes at a moderate intensity (RPE 11-13). VR tasks were designed to target specific motor impairments, including pick-and-place tasks for kinetic tremor reduction, tracing tasks to address bradykinesia, and reaching and grasping tasks to improve proprioception. Participants interacted with five virtual balls in a simulated environment, transferring them from one basket to another under therapist supervision. Alongside VR, participants also underwent Routine Physical Therapy (RPT) three times per week for six weeks, each 40-minute session consisting of a warm-up with diaphragmatic breathing, stretching, strengthening and cool-down. |
| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation | Active comparator | Other: Intervention 1Participants in this group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) therapy in addition to Routine Physical Therapy (RPT). PNF was administered three times per week for six weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes at a moderate intensity (RPE 11-13). Specific PNF techniques were selected for symptom management: slow reversal for kinetic tremor to improve coordinated agonist-antagonist contractions, rhythmic initiation for bradykinesia to facilitate movement initiation, and tactile input to enhance proprioception and body awareness. PNF was administered under the direct guidance of a physical therapist, with manual contact and graded resistance tailored to individual capacity. Participants also received RPT on the same schedule and with the same structure as described for the experimental group, including warm-up breathing, targeted stretching and strengthening, and cool-down static stretches. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 50 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease according to Gelb's criteria
- Stage II-IV Hoehn \&Yahr scale
- Intact cognition status (MMSE > 24)
- 50-80 years of age
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- History of PD surgery
- Phobia of virtual gaming systems
- Visual anomalies
- Cardiovascular problems
- Severe dyskinesia or "on-off" fluctuations
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention 1Also: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular FacilitationParticipants in the control group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) therapy three times per week for a total duration of six weeks. Each session lasted approximately 30 minutes and was conducted at a moderate intensity, corresponding to an RPE of 11-13 on the Borg scale. For kinetic tremors, the slow reversal technique was applied. For bradykinesia, the rhythmic initiation technique was used. And to enhance proprioception, tactile input was provided through manual contact, resistance, and stretch applied by the therapist at key points of the movement pattern. | Other | Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation |
| artificial intelligenceParticipants in the experimental group underwent Virtual Reality (VR) training three times per week for a total of six weeks. Each session lasted approximately 30 minutes and was conducted at a moderate intensity, defined by the repetition of VR tasks five times per session. The intervention was delivered using the Oculus Meta Quest 2 head-mounted display, providing an immersive and interactive environment under the close supervision of a licensed physical therapist. The central activity involved 2 modules. Ball Shifting Module picking and placing five virtual balls within the simulated environment and transferring them from one basket to another. Cube Navigation Module, in this task, users guide a virtual cube through highlighted cells or routes using deliberate movements, requiring precise hand positioning and controlled movement paths. | Device | Virtual Reality |
Primary outcome
Kinetic Tremors
Time frame: 6 weeks
Kinetic Tremors It is going to be measured by: Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale with internal consistency of Cronbach's α = 0.90. FTMTRS - Kinetic Tremor Section Rate the severity of tremor during each task using the following scale: 1. Writing: _______ 2. Drawing (Archimedes spiral): _______ 3. Pouring water: _______ 4. Drinking from a cup: _______ • Total Kinetic Tremor Score: _______/16 (0 = No tremor, 1 = Mild, intermittent, 2 = Moderate, intermittent or mild, continuous, 3 = Marked, intermittent or moderate, continuous, 4 = Severe, continuous)
Bradykinesia
Time frame: 6 weeks
It is going to be measured by: MDS-UPDRS Part III with internal consistency of Cronbach's α: 0.90-0.93. MDS-UPDRS Part III - Bradykinesia Items (3.4-3.6) Rate each movement on a scale from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe): 1. 3.4 L\&R Finger Tapping: _______ 2. 3.5 L\&R Hand Movements (open/close hands): _______ 3. 3.6 L\&R Pronation-Supination of Hands: _______ • Total Bradykinesia Score (3.4-3.6): _______/24
Proprioception
Time frame: 6 weeks
•It is going to be measured by: Fugl Meyer UE Proprioception subscale with internal consistency of Cronbach's α: at 0.94-0.98. Scoring: 0 = Only a few degrees (less than 10° in shoulder) 1. = Decreased 2. = Normal Shoulder Movement 0 1 2 Flexion (0°-180°) ☐ ☐ ☐ Abduction (0°-90°) ☐ ☐ ☐ External Rotation ☐ ☐ ☐ Internal Rotation ☐ ☐ ☐ Elbow Movement 0 1 2 Flexion ☐ ☐ ☐ Extension ☐ ☐ ☐ Forearm Movement 0 1 2 Pronation ☐ ☐ ☐ Supination ☐ ☐ ☐ Wrist Movement 0 1 2 Flexion ☐ ☐ ☐ Extension ☐ ☐ ☐ Fingers Movement 0 1 2 Flexion ☐ ☐ ☐ Extension ☐ ☐ ☐
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Nov 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. After the publication
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Shoaib Waqas, PhD study chair
Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences
Javeria Younas, DPT principal investigator
Lahore College of Physical Therapy
Fatima Rehan, DPT principal investigator
Lahore College of Physical Therapy
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Intervention 1 and artificial intelligence in people with Parkinson Disease, run by Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Shoaib Waqas, PhD (03024552109, shoaib.waqas@ubas.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Kinetic Tremors (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Nov 2026.