Plyometric ExercisesNCT07310498
10-week Complex Training for Chinese National Korfball Players
A study testing 10-week Unilateral Complex Training Program in people with Plyometric Exercises and Fitness Training, run by Universiti Sains Malaysia at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Korfball is a mixed-gender team sport that requires high levels of coordination, balance, and physical fitness. Unlike basketball or netball, players cannot dribble or run with the ball, and shots must often be taken in a single-leg, step-back position. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Plyometric Exercises, Fitness Training, Athlete
- What is being tested?
- 10-week Unilateral Complex Training Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 24 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 25 Jul 2024to 14 Oct 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male or female athletes aged 18 to 35 years.
- Selected for the China National Korfball Team or the China Youth National Korfball Team.
- Able to participate in the full training and testing protocol and willing to provide informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Participation in structured physical training other than korfball training within the previous 6 months.
- History of cruciate ligament injury, fracture, or other significant injury affecting sports performance within the previous 12 months.
- Failed routine musculoskeletal health screening or has unresolved injury/medical condition that precludes safe participation.
- Does not meet baseline strength prerequisites required for safe participation in complex training (combined resistance and plyometric exercises) according to NSCA guidelines.
- Additional notes (for study procedures, not eligibility):
- -Participants will complete an information questionnaire to document training history and basic characteristics.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effects of 10-week Complex Training on Physical Characteristics, Biomechanics and Fitness of Chinese National Korfball Players.
Korfball is a mixed-gender team sport that requires high levels of coordination, balance, and physical fitness. Unlike basketball or netball, players cannot dribble or run with the ball, and shots must often be taken in a single-leg, step-back position. These unique demands create challenges for athletes' strength, balance, and injury prevention. Despite korfball's growing popularity, scientific research on the sport's physical, biomechanical, and training characteristics remains limited.
Complex training (CT) is a training method that alternates heavy resistance exercises with plyometric movements. This approach is known to improve strength, power, sprinting, and jumping ability in other team sports. It is especially relevant for unilateral sports movements, which are common in korfball shooting and defensive actions. However, no studies to date have applied CT to korfball athletes, and the effects of such training on their performance, biomechanics, and interlimb asymmetries are unclear.
Read more
This study is designed to address three research areas:
To describe the internal and external load characteristics of korfball matches using heart rate monitoring and video-based analysis.
To investigate limb asymmetry in korfball players through assessments of biomechanics, anthropometry, physical fitness, and shooting technique.
To evaluate whether a 10-week unilateral complex training program can reduce limb asymmetry and improve physical fitness and shooting performance in elite players.
The study includes both cross-sectional and interventional components. First, competition loads will be monitored to understand game-specific demands. Second, assessments will compare dominant and non-dominant limbs in terms of strength, biomechanics, and technical performance. Finally, athletes will undergo a 10-week unilateral complex training program, after which the same measures will be repeated to test for improvements.
The expected outcomes are a clearer understanding of the physiological and biomechanical characteristics of korfball players, as well as evidence on the effectiveness of unilateral complex training. This knowledge may guide coaches and practitioners in designing targeted training strategies to enhance performance, reduce injury risk, and optimize athlete development in korfball.
- Conditions
- Plyometric Exercises, Fitness Training, Athlete, Physical Fitness, Biomechanical Data, Athletic Performance
- Being tested
- 10-week Unilateral Complex Training Program
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
10-week Unilateral Complex Training ProgramBehavioural
Participants will undergo a 10-week unilateral complex training program. Each training session combines resistance exercises (e.g., squats, lunges, or weighted lower-limb movements) with plyometric exercises (e.g., jumps, bounding, or explosive step-back movements) performed in alternating sequence. Training is delivered three times per week under supervision. All participants, divided equally by sex, follow the same program. The intervention is designed to improve strength, power, balance, and shooting performance while reducing interlimb asymmetry. No between-group comparisons are planned; outcomes are assessed pre- and post-intervention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental: 10-week Unilateral Complex Training | Experimental | Participants will be stratified by sex into two equally sized groups (male and female). All participants will complete the same 10-week unilateral complex training program, which combines resistance and plyometric exercises within each session. No between-group comparisons are planned; analyses will focus on pre- to post-intervention changes. Receives: Behavioral: 10-week Unilateral Complex Training Program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from Baseline to Week 10 in 1-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Back Squat (kg)
Maximal lower-body strength assessed as the one-repetition maximum (1RM) load for the barbell back squat. Participants completed standardized warm-up sets followed by progressive single attempts to determine the maximal load successfully lifted once with correct technique; rest periods were provided between attempts. The outcome is the 1RM load, reported in kilograms (kg).
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Secondary outcomes (17)
1-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Shoulder Press (kg)
Upper-body maximal strength assessed as the one-repetition maximum (1RM) load for the shoulder press exercise. The 1RM is defined as the maximal load that can be lifted once with correct technique for the specified exercise; the outcome is the 1RM load, reported in kilograms (kg).
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Y-Balance Test Composite Score (percent)
Dynamic balance assessed using the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test. Composite score calculated as ((ANT + PM + PL) / (3 × limb length)) × 100; reported as percent.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Single-Leg Triple Hops (m)
Single-leg triple hop for distance and reported in meters（m）.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Total Distance (m)
Intermittent running performance assessed using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIR1). Performance is defined as the maximal total distance completed, reported in meters (m).
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
T-Test Agility Time (s)
Agility assessed using the T-test; outcome is time to complete the course, reported in seconds (s).
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Hip Extension Peak Torque/Body Mass at 60°/s (N·m/kg)
Concentric peak torque for hip extension measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s; normalized to body mass and reported as N·m/kg.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Hip Extension Peak Torque/Body Mass at 180°/s (N·m/kg)
Concentric peak torque for hip extension measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 180°/s; normalized to body mass and reported as N·m/kg.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Knee Extension Peak Torque/Body Mass at 60°/s (N·m/kg)
Concentric peak torque for knee extension measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s; normalized to body mass and reported as N·m/kg.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Knee Extension Peak Torque/Body Mass at 180°/s (N·m/kg)
Concentric peak torque for knee flexion measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 180°/s; normalized to body mass and reported as N·m/kg.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Ankle Extension (Plantarflexion) Peak Torque/Body Mass at 60°/s (N·m/kg)
Concentric peak torque for ankle extension (plantarflexion) measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s; normalized to body mass and reported as N·m/kg.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Ankle Extension (Plantarflexion) Peak Torque/Body Mass at 180°/s (N·m/kg)
Concentric peak torque for ankle extension (plantarflexion) measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 180°/s; normalized to body mass and reported as N·m/kg.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Step-back Jump Shot Vertical Impulse (N·s/kg)
Vertical GRF impulse (Z-axis) during the propulsion phase of the step-back jump shot, computed as the time integral of the Z-axis GRF over propulsion and normalized to body mass (N·s/kg). Registered value = bilateral mean; limb-specific (left/right) values will be reported as additional analyses.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Step-back Jump Shot Jump Height (cm)
Jump height during the step-back jump shot will be derived from force-plate-defined flight time and reported in centimeters (cm). The registered outcome value will be the bilateral mean; limb-specific values will be reported as additional analyses.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Squat Jump Height (cm)
Squat jump height derived from force plate data (flight-time method ) and reported in centimeters (cm). Registered value = bilateral mean; limb-specific values reported as additional analyses.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Drop Jump Reactive Strength Index (RSI) (m/s)
Reactive Strength Index (RSI) during drop jump, calculated as jump height (m) divided by ground contact time (s); reported as m/s. Registered value = bilateral mean; limb-specific values reported as additional analyses.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Change-of-Direction (45°) Braking Impulse (N·s/kg)
Braking GRF impulse in the sagittal axis (Y-axis) during the 45° change-of-direction task, computed as the time integral of the braking-direction portion of the Y-axis GRF over the braking/weight-acceptance interval (initial contact to peak knee flexion) and normalized to body mass (N·s/kg). The registered outcome value will be the bilateral mean; limb-specific values (left/right) will be reported as additional analyses.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Change from Baseline to Week 10 in Overall Shooting Accuracy Across 3 m, 5 m, and 7 m in a 1-Minute Timed Shooting Protocol (%)
Shooting accuracy will be assessed using a standardized sport-specific timed shooting protocol at three distances (3 m, 5 m, 7 m). At each distance, participants will attempt as many shots as possible within 1 minute. The number of successful shots and total shot attempts will be recorded at each distance. The registered outcome value will be overall shooting accuracy (%) aggregated across all three distances, calculated as: (total successful shots across 3 m+5 m+7 m ÷ total shot attempts across 3 m+5 m+7 m) × 100. Distance-specific accuracies (3 m, 5 m, 7 m) will be analyzed and reported as additional analyses.
Measured: Baseline and Week 10
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Dec 2025
- Study start25 Jul 2024
- Primary completion7 Oct 2024
- Study completion14 Oct 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Plyometric ExercisesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Participants will be stratified by sex into two equally sized groups (male and female). Both groups will receive the same 10-week unilateral complex training intervention. No between-group comparisons are planned; analyses will focus on within-group pre- to post-intervention changes.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Shazlin Shaharudin, Universiti Sains Malaysia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07310498
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- USM/JEPeM/KK/23110824
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 17 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 30 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of 10-week Complex Training on Physical Characteristics, Biomechanics and Fitness of Chinese National Korfball Players.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07310498
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- USM/JEPeM/KK/23110824
- Conditions
- Plyometric Exercises, Fitness Training, Athlete, Physical Fitness, Biomechanical Data, Athletic Performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universiti Sains MalaysiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 7 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Oct 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Korfball is a mixed-gender team sport that requires high levels of coordination, balance, and physical fitness. Unlike basketball or netball, players cannot dribble or run with the ball, and shots must often be taken in a single-leg, step-back position. These unique demands create challenges for athletes' strength, balance, and injury prevention. Despite korfball's growing popularity, scientific research on the sport's physical, biomechanical, and training characteristics remains limited.
Complex training (CT) is a training method that alternates heavy resistance exercises with plyometric movements. This approach is known to improve strength, power, sprinting, and jumping ability in other team sports. It is especially relevant for unilateral sports movements, which are common in korfball shooting and defensive actions. However, no studies to date have applied CT to korfball athletes, and the effects of such training on their performance, biomechanics, and interlimb asymmetries are unclear.
This study is designed to address three research areas:
To describe the internal and external load characteristics of korfball matches using heart rate monitoring and video-based analysis.
To investigate limb asymmetry in korfball players through assessments of biomechanics, anthropometry, physical fitness, and shooting technique.
To evaluate whether a 10-week unilateral complex training program can reduce limb asymmetry and improve physical fitness and shooting performance in elite players.
The study includes both cross-sectional and interventional components. First, competition loads will be monitored to understand game-specific demands. Second, assessments will compare dominant and non-dominant limbs in terms of strength, biomechanics, and technical performance. Finally, athletes will undergo a 10-week unilateral complex training program, after which the same measures will be repeated to test for improvements.
The expected outcomes are a clearer understanding of the physiological and biomechanical characteristics of korfball players, as well as evidence on the effectiveness of unilateral complex training. This knowledge may guide coaches and practitioners in designing targeted training strategies to enhance performance, reduce injury risk, and optimize athlete development in korfball.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- Participants will be stratified by sex into two equally sized groups (male and female). Both groups will receive the same 10-week unilateral complex training intervention. No between-group comparisons are planned; analyses will focus on within-group pre- to post-intervention changes.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental: 10-week Unilateral Complex Training | Experimental | Behavioral: 10-week Unilateral Complex Training ProgramParticipants will be stratified by sex into two equally sized groups (male and female). All participants will complete the same 10-week unilateral complex training program, which combines resistance and plyometric exercises within each session. No between-group comparisons are planned; analyses will focus on pre- to post-intervention changes. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Male or female athletes aged 18 to 35 years.
- Selected for the China National Korfball Team or the China Youth National Korfball Team.
- Able to participate in the full training and testing protocol and willing to provide informed consent.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Participation in structured physical training other than korfball training within the previous 6 months.
- History of cruciate ligament injury, fracture, or other significant injury affecting sports performance within the previous 12 months.
- Failed routine musculoskeletal health screening or has unresolved injury/medical condition that precludes safe participation.
- Does not meet baseline strength prerequisites required for safe participation in complex training (combined resistance and plyometric exercises) according to NSCA guidelines.
- -Participants will complete an information questionnaire to document training history and basic characteristics.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| 10-week Unilateral Complex Training ProgramParticipants will undergo a 10-week unilateral complex training program. Each training session combines resistance exercises (e.g., squats, lunges, or weighted lower-limb movements) with plyometric exercises (e.g., jumps, bounding, or explosive step-back movements) performed in alternating sequence. Training is delivered three times per week under supervision. All participants, divided equally by sex, follow the same program. The intervention is designed to improve strength, power, balance, and shooting performance while reducing interlimb asymmetry. No between-group comparisons are planned; outcomes are assessed pre- and post-intervention. | Behavioural | Experimental: 10-week Unilateral Complex Training |
Primary outcome
Change from Baseline to Week 10 in 1-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Back Squat (kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Maximal lower-body strength assessed as the one-repetition maximum (1RM) load for the barbell back squat. Participants completed standardized warm-up sets followed by progressive single attempts to determine the maximal load successfully lifted once with correct technique; rest periods were provided between attempts. The outcome is the 1RM load, reported in kilograms (kg).
17 secondary outcomes
1-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Shoulder Press (kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Y-Balance Test Composite Score (percent)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Single-Leg Triple Hops (m)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Total Distance (m)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
T-Test Agility Time (s)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Hip Extension Peak Torque/Body Mass at 60°/s (N·m/kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Hip Extension Peak Torque/Body Mass at 180°/s (N·m/kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Knee Extension Peak Torque/Body Mass at 60°/s (N·m/kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Knee Extension Peak Torque/Body Mass at 180°/s (N·m/kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Ankle Extension (Plantarflexion) Peak Torque/Body Mass at 60°/s (N·m/kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Isokinetic Ankle Extension (Plantarflexion) Peak Torque/Body Mass at 180°/s (N·m/kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Step-back Jump Shot Vertical Impulse (N·s/kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Step-back Jump Shot Jump Height (cm)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Squat Jump Height (cm)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Drop Jump Reactive Strength Index (RSI) (m/s)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Change-of-Direction (45°) Braking Impulse (N·s/kg)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Change from Baseline to Week 10 in Overall Shooting Accuracy Across 3 m, 5 m, and 7 m in a 1-Minute Timed Shooting Protocol (%)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 10
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing 10-week Unilateral Complex Training Program in people with Plyometric Exercises and Fitness Training, run by Universiti Sains Malaysia at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from Baseline to Week 10 in 1-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Back Squat (kg) (time frame: Baseline and Week 10). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Dec 2025.