Hallucinations, AuditoryECHONCT07314515
The ECHO Study: Compassion-focused Therapy for Young Voice Hearers and Their Caregivers
A study testing ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares in people with Hallucinations, Auditory, run by University of Southern Denmark at 1 site in Denmark.
Trial summary
In this project, a 10-session treatment program was developed aimed at young people who experience voice hearing. The treatment has potential to easily be implemented in everyday clinical practice in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and eventually in Educational Psychological Counselling (PPR) and the newly… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 21 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Hallucinations, Auditory
- What is being tested?
- ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteDenmark
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2026to Jan 2029
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 21 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- The participants should have been referred to a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital in Denmark .
- The participants have heard voices within the last 2 weeks.
- The participant can hear the content of the voices. The content takes the form of spoken works.
- A caregiver who can participate in 5 sessions
Who cannot join
- Participants has an estimated IQ under 70
- Participants who don't speak and understand Danish,
- Current drug misuse / abuse (during sessions)
- Brain injury or neurological disorder e.g. severe epilepsy
- Impaired vision or hearing to a degree that makes participation in therapy under normal conditions impossible.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Vibeke F Bliksted, Professor contact
Denmark1 site
Psychiatriatric Children and Youth Hospital
Esbjerg
Maja K Musaeus, Psychologist, 91543221, maja@musaeus.eu
About this study
In this project, a 10-session treatment program was developed aimed at young people who experience voice hearing. The treatment has potential to easily be implemented in everyday clinical practice in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and eventually in Educational Psychological Counselling (PPR) and the newly established STIME services (low-threshold municipal treatment offers for children and young people).
As part of the treatment, the young person's caregivers are involved. This means a high degree of involvement from adults who know the young person well and are part of their daily life.
In addition to traditional Compassion-focuced therapy (CFT), the treatment is expanded with an intervention where an audio file is recorded with content corresponding to the adolescent's voice hearing. The parents are invited to listen to the audio file while participating in a therapy session. This will help improve the caregivers understanding of the young person's experiences and challenges.
- Conditions
- Hallucinations, Auditory
- Being tested
- ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares
- Keywords
- voice hearing
- Medical subject headings
- Hallucinations
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice hearesBehavioural
Also called Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
A manualized 10 session, intervention inspired by compassion focused therapy. A primary caretaker paticipates in 5 sessions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 10 sessions manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares | Experimental | 60 voice hearing patients age 13-18 years old 20 patients with first-episode schizophrenia age 18-21 Receives: Behavioral: ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Interpretation and relationship with the voices
Psychotic symptoms are measured with: BAVQ-R (Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire - Revised) (Chadwick et al., 2000).( 35 items are rated (0-3) total minimum score 0, maximum score 105. Some scores indicate higher distress, while other indicate lower distress).
Measured: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up.
Severity and phenomenological characteristics of voice hearing
PSYRATS AH (Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale Auditory Hallucinations) (Haddock et al., 1999). (11 items are rated (0-4) total minimum score 0, maximum score 44. Higher score being more severe)
Measured: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up.
Perceived ability to control or influence the voices
The Yale Control Over Perceptual Experiences (COPE) Scales measures voluntary control over voices such as being able to intentionally influence the timing, frequency, or intensity of voice hearing experiences (Mourgues et al., 2022). (36 items are rated (1-7) total minimum score 36, maximum score 252. Higher scores indicate stronger perceived control over voices)
Measured: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up.
Secondary outcomes (5)
Social Cognition
Social cognition is tested with TASIT 2A DK (The Awareness of Social Inference Test) (McDonald et al., 2003). (60 items are rated, minimum total score 0, maximum score is 60. Lower score being more severe)
Measured: Social cognition is tested 3 months before treatment and right after
Subjective experience of feeling safe, accepted, and soothed in social relationships.
SSPS (Social safeness and pleasure scale) (Gilbert et al., 2009). (11 items are rated (1-5). Total minimum 11, total maximum 55. Lower score being more severe).
Measured: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
Compassion towards self.
SCS-SF (Self-Compassion Scale Short Form) (Raes et al., 2011; Neff et al., 2019) (12 items are rated (1-5) total minimum 12, total maximum 60. Lower score being more severe).
Measured: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
Subjective sense of interpersonal closeness and belonging
The Social Connectedness Scale Revised (Lee et al., 1995; Sabitelli et al., 2005). (8 items are rated (1-6). Total minimum score 8, total maximum score 48. Lower score being more severe).
Measured: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
Perceived availability and adequacy of social support
MSPSS (The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) (Zimet et al. 1988).(12 items are rated (1-7) total minimum 12, total maximum 84. Lower score being more severe).
Measured: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionJun 2028 (estimated)
- Study completionJan 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Hallucinations, AuditoryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Southern Denmark
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Region Syddanmark
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Charlie Heriot-Maitland, Dr., Study chair, Balanced Minds
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07314515
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1852876
- Acronym
- ECHO
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 24 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Heriot-Maitland C. Position paper - CFT for psychosis. Psychol Psychother. 2024 Mar;97(1):59-73. doi: 10.1111/papt.12490. Epub 2023 Aug 14.
PubMed 37578215Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
PubMed 2280326Neff KD, Toth-Kiraly I, Yarnell LM, Arimitsu K, Castilho P, Ghorbani N, Guo HX, Hirsch JK, Hupfeld J, Hutz CS, Kotsou I, Lee WK, Montero-Marin J, Sirois FM, de Souza LK, Svendsen JL, Wilkinson RB, Mantzios M. Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychol Assess. 2019 Jan;31(1):27-45. doi: 10.1037/pas0000629. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
PubMed 30124303Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011 May-Jun;18(3):250-5. doi: 10.1002/cpp.702. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
PubMed 21584907Gilbert, P., Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 2009. 15(3): p. 199-208.
Mourgues C, Hammer A, Fisher V, Kafadar E, Quagan B, Bien C, Jaeger H, Thomas R, Sibarium E, Negreira AM, Sarisik E, Polisetty V, Nur Eken H, Imtiaz A, Niles H, Sheldon AD, Powers AR. Measuring Voluntary Control Over Hallucinations: The Yale Control Over Perceptual Experiences (COPE) Scales. Schizophr Bull. 2022 May 7;48(3):673-683. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbab144.
PubMed 35089361Woods, S. W., Parker, S., Kerr, M. J., Walsh, B. C., Wijtenburg, S. A., Prunier, N., Nunez, A. R., Buccilli, K., Mourgues-Codern, C., Brummitt, K., Kinney, K. S., Trankler, C., Szacilo, J., Colton, B.-L., Ali, M., Haidar, A., Billah, T., Huynh, K., Ahmed, U., Adery, L. L., Marcy, P. J., Allott, K., Amminger, P., Arango, C., Broome, M. R., Cadenhead, K. S., Chen, E. Y. H., Choi, J., Conus, P., Cornblatt, B. A., Glenthøj, L. B., Horton, L. E., Kambeitz, J., Kapur, T., Keshavan, M. S., Koutsouleris, N., Langbein, K., Lavoie, S., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Mathalon, D. H., Mittal, V. A., Nordentoft, M., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G. D., Gaspar, P. A., Shah, J. L., Smesny, S., Stone, W. S., Strauss, G. P., Wang, J., Corcoran, C. M., Perkins, D. O., Schiffman, J., Perez, J., Mamah, D., Ellman, L. M., Powers, A. R. III, Coleman, M. J., Anticevic, A., Fusar-Poli, P., Kane, J. M., Kahn, R. S., McGorry, P. D., Bearden, C . E., Shenton, M. E., Nelson, B., Calkins, M. E., Hendricks, L., Bouix, S., Addington, J., McGlashan, T. H., Yung, A. R., & The Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia (2024). Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 18(4), 255-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13457
Chandwick P, Lees S, Birchwood M. The revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ-R). Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;177:229-32. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.3.229.
PubMed 11040883McDonald S, Flanagan S, Rollins J, Kinch J. TASIT: A new clinical tool for assessing social perception after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2003 May-Jun;18(3):219-38. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200305000-00001.
PubMed 12802165Musaeus MK, Heriot-Maitland C, Bliksted VF. The ECHO study: compassion-focused therapy for young voice hearers and their caregivers. A pilot study. Front Psychiatry. 2026 Jul 10;17:1827986. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1827986. eCollection 2026.
PubMed 42500314
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The ECHO Study: Compassion-focused Therapy for Young Voice Hearers and Their Caregivers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07314515
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ECHO / 1852876
- Conditions
- Hallucinations, Auditory
- Keywords
- voice hearing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Southern DenmarkUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Region Syddanmark
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jan 2029 (estimated)
- First posted
- 2 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this project, a 10-session treatment program was developed aimed at young people who experience voice hearing. The treatment has potential to easily be implemented in everyday clinical practice in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and eventually in Educational Psychological Counselling (PPR) and the newly established STIME services (low-threshold municipal treatment offers for children and young people).
As part of the treatment, the young person's caregivers are involved. This means a high degree of involvement from adults who know the young person well and are part of their daily life.
In addition to traditional Compassion-focuced therapy (CFT), the treatment is expanded with an intervention where an audio file is recorded with content corresponding to the adolescent's voice hearing. The parents are invited to listen to the audio file while participating in a therapy session. This will help improve the caregivers understanding of the young person's experiences and challenges.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 10 sessions manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares | Experimental | Behavioral: ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares60 voice hearing patients age 13-18 years old 20 patients with first-episode schizophrenia age 18-21 |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 21 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- The participants should have been referred to a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital in Denmark .
- The participants have heard voices within the last 2 weeks.
- The participant can hear the content of the voices. The content takes the form of spoken works.
- A caregiver who can participate in 5 sessions
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participants has an estimated IQ under 70
- Participants who don't speak and understand Danish,
- Current drug misuse / abuse (during sessions)
- Brain injury or neurological disorder e.g. severe epilepsy
- Impaired vision or hearing to a degree that makes participation in therapy under normal conditions impossible.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice hearesAlso: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-upA manualized 10 session, intervention inspired by compassion focused therapy. A primary caretaker paticipates in 5 sessions. | Behavioural | 10 sessions manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares |
Primary outcome
Interpretation and relationship with the voices
Time frame: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up.
Psychotic symptoms are measured with: BAVQ-R (Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire - Revised) (Chadwick et al., 2000).( 35 items are rated (0-3) total minimum score 0, maximum score 105. Some scores indicate higher distress, while other indicate lower distress).
Severity and phenomenological characteristics of voice hearing
Time frame: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up.
PSYRATS AH (Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale Auditory Hallucinations) (Haddock et al., 1999). (11 items are rated (0-4) total minimum score 0, maximum score 44. Higher score being more severe)
Perceived ability to control or influence the voices
Time frame: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up.
The Yale Control Over Perceptual Experiences (COPE) Scales measures voluntary control over voices such as being able to intentionally influence the timing, frequency, or intensity of voice hearing experiences (Mourgues et al., 2022). (36 items are rated (1-7) total minimum score 36, maximum score 252. Higher scores indicate stronger perceived control over voices)
5 secondary outcomes
Social Cognition
Time frame: Social cognition is tested 3 months before treatment and right after
Subjective experience of feeling safe, accepted, and soothed in social relationships.
Time frame: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
Compassion towards self.
Time frame: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
Subjective sense of interpersonal closeness and belonging
Time frame: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
Perceived availability and adequacy of social support
Time frame: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Feb 2026.
- Background: PubMed 37578215Heriot-Maitland C. Position paper - CFT for psychosis. Psychol Psychother. 2024 Mar;97(1):59-73. doi: 10.1111/papt.12490. Epub 2023 Aug 14.
- Results publication: PubMed 2280326Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
- Results publication: PubMed 30124303Neff KD, Toth-Kiraly I, Yarnell LM, Arimitsu K, Castilho P, Ghorbani N, Guo HX, Hirsch JK, Hupfeld J, Hutz CS, Kotsou I, Lee WK, Montero-Marin J, Sirois FM, de Souza LK, Svendsen JL, Wilkinson RB, Mantzios M. Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychol Assess. 2019 Jan;31(1):27-45. doi: 10.1037/pas0000629. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
- Results publication: PubMed 21584907Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011 May-Jun;18(3):250-5. doi: 10.1002/cpp.702. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
- Results publicationGilbert, P., Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 2009. 15(3): p. 199-208.
- Results publication: PubMed 35089361Mourgues C, Hammer A, Fisher V, Kafadar E, Quagan B, Bien C, Jaeger H, Thomas R, Sibarium E, Negreira AM, Sarisik E, Polisetty V, Nur Eken H, Imtiaz A, Niles H, Sheldon AD, Powers AR. Measuring Voluntary Control Over Hallucinations: The Yale Control Over Perceptual Experiences (COPE) Scales. Schizophr Bull. 2022 May 7;48(3):673-683. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbab144.
- Results publicationWoods, S. W., Parker, S., Kerr, M. J., Walsh, B. C., Wijtenburg, S. A., Prunier, N., Nunez, A. R., Buccilli, K., Mourgues-Codern, C., Brummitt, K., Kinney, K. S., Trankler, C., Szacilo, J., Colton, B.-L., Ali, M., Haidar, A., Billah, T., Huynh, K., Ahmed, U., Adery, L. L., Marcy, P. J., Allott, K., Amminger, P., Arango, C., Broome, M. R., Cadenhead, K. S., Chen, E. Y. H., Choi, J., Conus, P., Cornblatt, B. A., Glenthøj, L. B., Horton, L. E., Kambeitz, J., Kapur, T., Keshavan, M. S., Koutsouleris, N., Langbein, K., Lavoie, S., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Mathalon, D. H., Mittal, V. A., Nordentoft, M., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G. D., Gaspar, P. A., Shah, J. L., Smesny, S., Stone, W. S., Strauss, G. P., Wang, J., Corcoran, C. M., Perkins, D. O., Schiffman, J., Perez, J., Mamah, D., Ellman, L. M., Powers, A. R. III, Coleman, M. J., Anticevic, A., Fusar-Poli, P., Kane, J. M., Kahn, R. S., McGorry, P. D., Bearden, C . E., Shenton, M. E., Nelson, B., Calkins, M. E., Hendricks, L., Bouix, S., Addington, J., McGlashan, T. H., Yung, A. R., & The Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia (2024). Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 18(4), 255-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13457
- Results publication: PubMed 11040883Chandwick P, Lees S, Birchwood M. The revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ-R). Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;177:229-32. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.3.229.
- Results publication: PubMed 12802165McDonald S, Flanagan S, Rollins J, Kinch J. TASIT: A new clinical tool for assessing social perception after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2003 May-Jun;18(3):219-38. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200305000-00001.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42500314Musaeus MK, Heriot-Maitland C, Bliksted VF. The ECHO study: compassion-focused therapy for young voice hearers and their caregivers. A pilot study. Front Psychiatry. 2026 Jul 10;17:1827986. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1827986. eCollection 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Vibeke F Bliksted, Professor contact
Charlie Heriot-Maitland, Dr. study chair
Balanced Minds
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares in people with Hallucinations, Auditory, run by University of Southern Denmark at 1 site in Denmark.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Denmark. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Maja K Musaeus, Psychologist (+4591543221, maja@musaeus.eu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Interpretation and relationship with the voices (time frame: Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07314515, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Feb 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 29 Oct 2026.