Hydration StatusNCT07320313
Effects of Dehydration on Motor Skills, Attention, and Performance in Adolescent Football Players
A study testing Euhydration Protocol and Hypohydration Protocol in people with Hydration Status and Sport Performance, run by bekir tokay at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate how hydration status affects attention, motor competence, and football skills in adolescent male football players aged 13-14 years. Participants will complete standardized cognitive, motor, and sport-specific tests under two conditions: normal hydration (euhydration) and controlled… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 14 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Hydration Status, Sport Performance, Football
- What is being tested?
- Euhydration Protocol and Hypohydration Protocol
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 75 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 23 Jan 2025to 30 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 14 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Male sex (to avoid hormonal variability related to the menstrual cycle)
- Voluntary participation
- Age between 13 and 14 years
- Similar sporting background (regular football training and competition experience)
- No chronic or metabolic disease
- No respiratory or renal disease
Show all 9Show fewer
- No medical condition requiring fluid restriction
- Not taking any medications or dietary supplements (e.g., vitamins, minerals, creatine, protein)
- No recent history of injury
Who cannot join
- Outside the specified age range
- Female sex
- Diagnosis of chronic/metabolic, respiratory, or renal disease
- Regular use of medication, diuretics, or dietary supplements (e.g., vitamins, - minerals, creatine, protein)
- Medical condition requiring fluid intake restriction
- Not engaged in sports or without a football background
- Recent injury history
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Invisible Threat in Football: Dehydration Impairs Motor Competence, Attention, and Technical Skills in Adolescent Football Players
This study aims to investigate how hydration status affects attention, motor competence, and football skills in adolescent male football players aged 13-14 years. Participants will complete standardized cognitive, motor, and sport-specific tests under two conditions: normal hydration (euhydration) and controlled dehydration (hypohydration). Hydration levels will be assessed using urine colour and body mass measurements, while attention and motor skills will be evaluated with validated tools. The study seeks to understand the impact of fluid balance on physical and cognitive performance in young athletes, without altering their usual routines.
Read the detailed description
This comparative, quasi-randomised, counterbalanced, repeated-measures study investigates the effects of hydration status on cognitive function, motor competence, and football skills in adolescent male football players aged 13-14 years. A pilot study with 15 participants was conducted to determine effect size (Cohen's d = 0.43) and assess feasibility, confirming that a minimum of 73 participants would be required for the main study.
Seventy-five participants met strict inclusion criteria, including voluntary participation, no chronic or metabolic diseases, and a homogeneous sporting background. Participants had a mean age of 13 ± 1 years, height of 148 ± 5 cm, weight of 42 ± 5 kg, and BMI of 19.1 ± 1.2 kg/m². Most trained 8-10 hours per week and had 3-4 years of competitive football experience.
Each participant was tested under two hydration conditions: euhydration and hypohydration. In the euhydration condition, participants maintained regular fluid intake for 12 hours prior to testing and consumed 500 ml of water with a standardised breakfast. Hydration status was verified using first-morning urine samples and Armstrong's eight-point urine colour scale. In the hypohydration condition, participants underwent controlled fluid restriction and a treadmill walking protocol to achieve a 2-3% body mass loss. Pre- and post-exercise body weight and urine measurements were used to quantify hypohydration.
Following each testing session, participants completed the d2 Attention Test, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Short Form (BOT-2 SF), and a structured football skill test assessing passing, dribbling, and shooting accuracy. All procedures were performed under supervision in controlled environmental conditions, with scheduled rest intervals to prevent fatigue and ensure safety. Secondary checks included urine strip tests, while perceived exertion and local muscle discomfort were monitored continuously.
The study design allows for within-subject comparisons across hydration conditions to determine how fluid balance affects attention, motor skills, and sport-specific performance in adolescent athletes. Data will be analyzed to provide insights into the relationship between hydration and physical-cognitive performance in young football players, with implications for training and competition strategies.
- Conditions
- Hydration Status, Sport Performance, Football, Adolescent Athletic Performance, Cognitive Function and Well-Being
- Being tested
- Euhydration Protocol, Hypohydration Protocol
- Keywords
- Hypohydration, Adolescents, Football, Motor Competence, Attention, Technical Skills
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Euhydration ProtocolBehavioural
Also called Hydration Maintenance Protocol, Normal Hydration Condition
Participants maintained their habitual fluid intake for 12 hours prior to testing, approximately 1.5-2.0 L ad libitum throughout the day and night, and consumed 500 mL of water with a standardized breakfast approximately two hours before the test. Participants were instructed to refrain from urinating during the 30 minutes preceding testing. Hydration status was verified using first-morning urine colour assessed on Armstrong's 8-point scale (target range 1-2) and pre-test body mass measurements. Cognitive, motor, and football skill performance were subsequently evaluated under these euhydrated conditions using the d2 Attention Test, BOT-2 SF, and a structured football skill test, respectively.
Hypohydration ProtocolBehavioural
Also called Fluid Restriction + Exercise-Induced Dehydration Protocol
Participants underwent a hypohydration protocol beginning with fluid restriction from 17:00 on the day prior to testing, with no fluid consumption overnight, and a low-fluid breakfast on the morning of the session. Hypohydration was induced via supervised treadmill walking for approximately 45 ± 5 minutes at ~5.5 km/h with a 5% incline under moderate environmental conditions. No fluids were allowed during exercise, and body mass was measured every 10 minutes. Treadmill duration and intensity were individually adjusted until participants achieved a target body mass loss of 2-3%. Hydration status was confirmed via pre- and post-exercise urine colour and body mass measurements, with urine strip tests applied as a secondary verification. Following a 15-minute seated recovery period with consumption of low-water snacks, participants completed the d2 Attention Test, BOT-2 SF, and football skill test under hypohydrated conditions. Safety was continuously monitored via heart rate, Borg RPE sca
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Euhydration Condition | Experimental | Participants completed the euhydration condition first. They maintained habitual fluid intake for approximately 12 hours prior to testing, consuming 1.5-2.0 litres of water ad libitum during the day and night. On the morning of testing, a standardized breakfast was consumed along with 500 ml of water approximately two hours before testing. Participants were instructed not to urinate during the final 30 minutes prior to the session. Hydration status was verified using first-morning urine samples assessed via Armstrong's eight-point urine colour chart (target 1-2) and pre-test body mass measurements. Once classified as adequately hydrated, participants completed the d2 Attention Test, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Short Form (BOT-2 SF), and a structured football skill test. Attention and motor tests were conducted indoors, followed by the football skill test on an outdoor pitch. All testing was performed under supervision, with small participant groups to ensure st Receives: Behavioral: Euhydration Protocol |
| Hypohydration Condition | Experimental | After completing the euhydration condition and following a minimum 48-hour washout period, the same participants completed the hypohydration condition. Fluid intake was restricted beginning at 17:00 the day before testing, with no fluids overnight, and a low-fluid breakfast was provided on the morning of the session. Hypohydration was induced via a controlled treadmill walking protocol, with speed and duration individually adjusted to achieve 2-3% body mass loss. Participants were continuously monitored for heart rate, perceived exertion (Borg 6-20 scale), and localized muscle discomfort. Body mass was measured every 10 minutes, and fluid intake was not permitted during exercise. Hydration status was confirmed via pre- and post-exercise urine colour and body mass measurements, with urine strip tests as a secondary check. After a 15-minute seated recovery and consumption of low-water snacks, participants repeated the d2 Attention Test, BOT-2 SF, and football skill test under hypohydrat Receives: Behavioral: Hypohydration Protocol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using height and body weight measurements obtained at baseline. Height was measured once at baseline using a standard stadiometer, and body weight was measured immediately prior to any exercise or fluid manipulation using a calibrated scale with ±50 g precision (InBody 120). BMI was calculated as body weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²).
Measured: Baseline (single assessment during one laboratory visit prior to any exercise or hydration manipulation)
Hydration status assessed using urine color
Hydration status was assessed using first-morning urine samples (50-60 mL) collected prior to exercise and immediately following the exercise-induced dehydration protocol. Urine samples were analyzed using Armstrong's eight-point urine color chart. Urine color values of 1-2 indicated euhydration, whereas values of 5-6 indicated moderate hypohydration.
Measured: Baseline (first-morning urine sample) and immediately post-exercise (within 5 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise), assessed during a single test day
Hydration Status via Body Mass Loss
Exercise-induced body mass loss was used as an objective indicator of hydration status. Body weight was measured immediately before exercise and again within 5 minutes after completion of the treadmill protocol. Percentage hypohydration was calculated as the percentage change in body mass relative to baseline body weight. A body mass loss of 2-3% was considered indicative of significant hypohydration.
Measured: Baseline (pre-exercise body weight) and immediately post-exercise (within 5 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise), assessed during a single laboratory visit
Perceived Exertion and Muscle Discomfort
Perceived exertion was assessed using Borg's 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, and localized muscle discomfort was monitored through direct observation, particularly in the lower limbs. Ratings were recorded at regular 10-minute intervals during the treadmill protocol to ensure participant safety and to monitor subjective fatigue.
Measured: From start of treadmill exercise until completion of the exercise protocol (up to 60 minutes), assessed during a single laboratory visit
Secondary outcomes (3)
d2 Attention Test
Selective attention, processing speed, concentration, and attentional stability were assessed using the d2 Attention Test. Primary outcome parameters included total number of items processed (TN), error percentage (%E), concentration performance (CP), fluctuation rate (FR), and net performance (TN-E).
Measured: Post-exercise recovery period, assessed once between 8 and 15 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise during a single test day
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Short Form (BOT-2 SF)
Motor competence was assessed using the BOT-2 Short Form, evaluating fine motor skills, gross motor skills, and combined motor performance across eight subtests. The test is validated and reliable for children aged 13-14 years.
Measured: Post-exercise recovery period, assessed once between 15 and 30 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise during a single test day
Football Skill Test
Football-specific technical skills, including passing, dribbling, and shooting, were assessed using a standardized football skill test conducted on a pre-marked field. Performance was quantified using total task completion time, with a one-second penalty applied for each technical error. Three trials were performed, and mean performance time was calculated.
Measured: Post-exercise recovery period, assessed once between 30 and 45 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise during a single test day
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Jan 2026
- Study start23 Jan 2025
- Primary completion23 Jan 2025
- Study completion30 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Hydration StatusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- This is a randomized crossover trial in which all participants undergo both the euhydration and hypohydration conditions. The order of the conditions is counterbalanced to minimize order effects, and each participant serves as their own control.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- bekir tokay
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Uşak University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, bekir tokay, Uşak University
- Investigators
- Mustafa AKIL, Professor Doctor, Study chair, Uşak University, Department of Sports Science
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07320313
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 548-548-10
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 21 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 6 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Invisible Threat in Football: Dehydration Impairs Motor Competence, Attention, and Technical Skills in Adolescent Football Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07320313
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 548-548-10
- Conditions
- Hydration Status, Sport Performance, Football, Adolescent Athletic Performance, Cognitive Function and Well-Being
- Keywords
- Hypohydration, Adolescents, Football, Motor Competence, Attention, Technical Skills
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- bekir tokayUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Uşak University
- Study start
- 23 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate how hydration status affects attention, motor competence, and football skills in adolescent male football players aged 13-14 years. Participants will complete standardized cognitive, motor, and sport-specific tests under two conditions: normal hydration (euhydration) and controlled dehydration (hypohydration). Hydration levels will be assessed using urine colour and body mass measurements, while attention and motor skills will be evaluated with validated tools. The study seeks to understand the impact of fluid balance on physical and cognitive performance in young athletes, without altering their usual routines.
Detailed description
This comparative, quasi-randomised, counterbalanced, repeated-measures study investigates the effects of hydration status on cognitive function, motor competence, and football skills in adolescent male football players aged 13-14 years. A pilot study with 15 participants was conducted to determine effect size (Cohen's d = 0.43) and assess feasibility, confirming that a minimum of 73 participants would be required for the main study.
Seventy-five participants met strict inclusion criteria, including voluntary participation, no chronic or metabolic diseases, and a homogeneous sporting background. Participants had a mean age of 13 ± 1 years, height of 148 ± 5 cm, weight of 42 ± 5 kg, and BMI of 19.1 ± 1.2 kg/m². Most trained 8-10 hours per week and had 3-4 years of competitive football experience.
Each participant was tested under two hydration conditions: euhydration and hypohydration. In the euhydration condition, participants maintained regular fluid intake for 12 hours prior to testing and consumed 500 ml of water with a standardised breakfast. Hydration status was verified using first-morning urine samples and Armstrong's eight-point urine colour scale. In the hypohydration condition, participants underwent controlled fluid restriction and a treadmill walking protocol to achieve a 2-3% body mass loss. Pre- and post-exercise body weight and urine measurements were used to quantify hypohydration.
Following each testing session, participants completed the d2 Attention Test, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Short Form (BOT-2 SF), and a structured football skill test assessing passing, dribbling, and shooting accuracy. All procedures were performed under supervision in controlled environmental conditions, with scheduled rest intervals to prevent fatigue and ensure safety. Secondary checks included urine strip tests, while perceived exertion and local muscle discomfort were monitored continuously.
The study design allows for within-subject comparisons across hydration conditions to determine how fluid balance affects attention, motor skills, and sport-specific performance in adolescent athletes. Data will be analyzed to provide insights into the relationship between hydration and physical-cognitive performance in young football players, with implications for training and competition strategies.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This is a randomized crossover trial in which all participants undergo both the euhydration and hypohydration conditions. The order of the conditions is counterbalanced to minimize order effects, and each participant serves as their own control.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Euhydration Condition | Experimental | Behavioral: Euhydration ProtocolParticipants completed the euhydration condition first. They maintained habitual fluid intake for approximately 12 hours prior to testing, consuming 1.5-2.0 litres of water ad libitum during the day and night. On the morning of testing, a standardized breakfast was consumed along with 500 ml of water approximately two hours before testing. Participants were instructed not to urinate during the final 30 minutes prior to the session. Hydration status was verified using first-morning urine samples assessed via Armstrong's eight-point urine colour chart (target 1-2) and pre-test body mass measurements. Once classified as adequately hydrated, participants completed the d2 Attention Test, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Short Form (BOT-2 SF), and a structured football skill test. Attention and motor tests were conducted indoors, followed by the football skill test on an outdoor pitch. All testing was performed under supervision, with small participant groups to ensure st |
| Hypohydration Condition | Experimental | Behavioral: Hypohydration ProtocolAfter completing the euhydration condition and following a minimum 48-hour washout period, the same participants completed the hypohydration condition. Fluid intake was restricted beginning at 17:00 the day before testing, with no fluids overnight, and a low-fluid breakfast was provided on the morning of the session. Hypohydration was induced via a controlled treadmill walking protocol, with speed and duration individually adjusted to achieve 2-3% body mass loss. Participants were continuously monitored for heart rate, perceived exertion (Borg 6-20 scale), and localized muscle discomfort. Body mass was measured every 10 minutes, and fluid intake was not permitted during exercise. Hydration status was confirmed via pre- and post-exercise urine colour and body mass measurements, with urine strip tests as a secondary check. After a 15-minute seated recovery and consumption of low-water snacks, participants repeated the d2 Attention Test, BOT-2 SF, and football skill test under hypohydrat |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 14 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Male sex (to avoid hormonal variability related to the menstrual cycle)
- Voluntary participation
- Age between 13 and 14 years
- Similar sporting background (regular football training and competition experience)
- No chronic or metabolic disease
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Outside the specified age range
- Female sex
- Diagnosis of chronic/metabolic, respiratory, or renal disease
- Regular use of medication, diuretics, or dietary supplements (e.g., vitamins, - minerals, creatine, protein)
- Medical condition requiring fluid intake restriction
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Euhydration ProtocolAlso: Hydration Maintenance Protocol, Normal Hydration ConditionParticipants maintained their habitual fluid intake for 12 hours prior to testing, approximately 1.5-2.0 L ad libitum throughout the day and night, and consumed 500 mL of water with a standardized breakfast approximately two hours before the test. Participants were instructed to refrain from urinating during the 30 minutes preceding testing. Hydration status was verified using first-morning urine colour assessed on Armstrong's 8-point scale (target range 1-2) and pre-test body mass measurements. Cognitive, motor, and football skill performance were subsequently evaluated under these euhydrated conditions using the d2 Attention Test, BOT-2 SF, and a structured football skill test, respectively. | Behavioural | Euhydration Condition |
| Hypohydration ProtocolAlso: Fluid Restriction + Exercise-Induced Dehydration ProtocolParticipants underwent a hypohydration protocol beginning with fluid restriction from 17:00 on the day prior to testing, with no fluid consumption overnight, and a low-fluid breakfast on the morning of the session. Hypohydration was induced via supervised treadmill walking for approximately 45 ± 5 minutes at ~5.5 km/h with a 5% incline under moderate environmental conditions. No fluids were allowed during exercise, and body mass was measured every 10 minutes. Treadmill duration and intensity were individually adjusted until participants achieved a target body mass loss of 2-3%. Hydration status was confirmed via pre- and post-exercise urine colour and body mass measurements, with urine strip tests applied as a secondary verification. Following a 15-minute seated recovery period with consumption of low-water snacks, participants completed the d2 Attention Test, BOT-2 SF, and football skill test under hypohydrated conditions. Safety was continuously monitored via heart rate, Borg RPE sca | Behavioural | Hypohydration Condition |
Primary outcome
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Time frame: Baseline (single assessment during one laboratory visit prior to any exercise or hydration manipulation)
Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using height and body weight measurements obtained at baseline. Height was measured once at baseline using a standard stadiometer, and body weight was measured immediately prior to any exercise or fluid manipulation using a calibrated scale with ±50 g precision (InBody 120). BMI was calculated as body weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²).
Hydration status assessed using urine color
Time frame: Baseline (first-morning urine sample) and immediately post-exercise (within 5 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise), assessed during a single test day
Hydration status was assessed using first-morning urine samples (50-60 mL) collected prior to exercise and immediately following the exercise-induced dehydration protocol. Urine samples were analyzed using Armstrong's eight-point urine color chart. Urine color values of 1-2 indicated euhydration, whereas values of 5-6 indicated moderate hypohydration.
Hydration Status via Body Mass Loss
Time frame: Baseline (pre-exercise body weight) and immediately post-exercise (within 5 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise), assessed during a single laboratory visit
Exercise-induced body mass loss was used as an objective indicator of hydration status. Body weight was measured immediately before exercise and again within 5 minutes after completion of the treadmill protocol. Percentage hypohydration was calculated as the percentage change in body mass relative to baseline body weight. A body mass loss of 2-3% was considered indicative of significant hypohydration.
Perceived Exertion and Muscle Discomfort
Time frame: From start of treadmill exercise until completion of the exercise protocol (up to 60 minutes), assessed during a single laboratory visit
Perceived exertion was assessed using Borg's 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, and localized muscle discomfort was monitored through direct observation, particularly in the lower limbs. Ratings were recorded at regular 10-minute intervals during the treadmill protocol to ensure participant safety and to monitor subjective fatigue.
3 secondary outcomes
d2 Attention Test
Time frame: Post-exercise recovery period, assessed once between 8 and 15 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise during a single test day
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Short Form (BOT-2 SF)
Time frame: Post-exercise recovery period, assessed once between 15 and 30 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise during a single test day
Football Skill Test
Time frame: Post-exercise recovery period, assessed once between 30 and 45 minutes after completion of treadmill exercise during a single test day
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Jan 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Mustafa AKIL, Professor Doctor study chair
Uşak University, Department of Sports Science
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Euhydration Protocol and Hypohydration Protocol in people with Hydration Status and Sport Performance, run by bekir tokay at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Body Mass Index (BMI) (time frame: Baseline (single assessment during one laboratory visit prior to any exercise or hydration manipulation)). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Jan 2026.