Parkinson DiseaseNCT07322939
Effects of Exercise With Visual Feedback in Parkinson's Disease
A study testing Visual Feedback Exercise Group in people with Parkinson Disease and Balance Impairment, run by Hasan Kalyoncu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Patients with Parkinson's disease who apply to the Hasan Kalyoncu University Application and Research Center and meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study. The included participants will be randomly assigned into either the intervention group or the control group using a sealed-envelope method. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Parkinson Disease, Balance Impairment, Exercise Training
- What is being tested?
- Visual Feedback Exercise Group
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2025to 5 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease
- Disease severity classified as stage 1 to 3 according to the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale
- Patients receiving oral antiparkinsonian treatment only
Who cannot join
- Presence of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or vestibular disorders that may interfere with the completion of the assessments or treatment protocol
- Presence of additional neurological or psychiatric disorders other than Parkinson's disease
- Presence of visual impairment insufficient to perceive visual feedback
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Günseli Usgu, Assoc. Prof. contact
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Hasan Kalyoncu University
Gaziantep, Şahinbey, 27000
Günseli Usgu, Assoc. Prof., +90 ( 342 ) 211 80 81, info@hku.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: Effects of Visual Indicator Exercises for the Trunk and Lower Extremities on Activity and Participation in Parkinson's Disease
Patients with Parkinson's disease who apply to the Hasan Kalyoncu University Application and Research Center and meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study. The included participants will be randomly assigned into either the intervention group or the control group using a sealed-envelope method. Both groups will undergo a standard exercise program, consisting of posture, strengthening, and balance training, under the supervision of a physiotherapist for 8 weeks, 3 days per week. In addition to this, the intervention group will receive an additional exercise program incorporating visual feedback using a laser pointer, targeting the trunk and lower extremities, also under the supervision of a physiotherapist for 8 weeks, 3 days per week.
Read the detailed description
This study aims to investigate the effects of visual feedback exercise training focused on balance, postural control, and lower extremity mobility using a laser pointer, in addition to standard rehabilitation, on activity and participation in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Hypotheses:
H1: Incorporating visual feedback-based trunk and lower extremity exercises using a laser pointer into standard rehabilitation improves body structure and function in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
H2: Incorporating visual feedback-based trunk and lower extremity exercises using a laser pointer into standard rehabilitation enhances activity and participation in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
- Being tested
- Control Group, Visual Feedback Exercise Group
- Keywords
- parkinson disease, balance, postural control, visual feedback, exercise
- Medical subject headings
- Parkinson Disease, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Control GroupOther
The exercises will start with 6-8 repetitions and will increase by 2 repetitions each week. Cervical Region: Cervical rotation, lateral flexion, chin-tuck exercises Upper Extremity: Shoulder joint range of motion exercises with a wand, scapular adduction, shoulder retraction Lower Extremity: Bridge exercise, hip flexion, extension, abduction exercises, knee extension exercises, ankle dorsiflexion - plantar flexion exercises Balance Exercises: Perturbation exercises with eyes open and eyes closed on a hard surface, perturbation exercises with eyes open and eyes closed on a soft surface, maintaining a tandem stance Ambulation: Walking training on a treadmill with a Modified Borg Scale of level 3-4. Walking training will begin with 6 minutes in the first week and will increase by 1 minute each week.
Visual Feedback Exercise GroupOther
The visual feedback exercise will be performed using a wearable laser pointer attached to the trunk and lower extremities, along with a visual tracking screen. The exercise duration is 20 minutes. The laser placed on the trunk will be used in various exercises, including maintaining stability in a seated position, on a Swiss ball, while standing, during different movements, and on various surfaces. Additionally, trunk control exercises will involve rotational, vertical-horizontal, and circular movements. Exercises targeting trunk control in a crawling position will also be included. For the lower extremities, the program will focus on ankle dorsiflexion, hip abduction and extension, and knee extension. All exercises will be progressively individualized on a weekly basis.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| standard exercise program | Active comparator | Participants in the standard exercise group will receive a physiotherapist-supervised exercise program, performed three times per week for a total duration of eight weeks. Receives: Other: Control Group |
| standard exercise program and visual feedback-based exercise program | Experimental | Participants in the standard exercise program and visual feedback-based exercise program group will receive a physiotherapist-supervised exercise program, performed three times per week for eight weeks. Receives: Other: Control Group; Other: Visual Feedback Exercise Group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Center of Pressure Elliptical Area
Postural control will be assessed using the Gyko wearable device. After the wearable vest is properly fitted, the participant will be asked to maintain balance for 30 seconds under four conditions: firm surface with eyes open, firm surface with eyes closed, soft surface with eyes open, and soft surface with eyes closed.
The elliptical area of center of pressure displacement (mm²) obtained from the Gyko system will be recorded for each condition and used as the primary outcome measure.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Berg Balance Scale
The Berg Balance Scale is used to assess functional balance. It evaluates both dynamic and static balance through 14 tasks related to different positions, postural changes, and mobility. Each task is scored between 0 and 4 based on the individual's ability to perform the task independently, for a certain period, or over a specific distance (0: unable to perform, 4: normal performance). The highest possible score on the scale is 56, and a higher score indicates greater independence.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (11)
L Test
The L Test is a functional mobility assessment. The participant starts from a seated position in a chair without armrests and, upon command, walks at a comfortable speed to a marked 3-meter point, turns right, continues walking for 7 meters, turns around, and returns to sit in the chair. The total time to complete the test (seconds) will be recorded.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
The first section evaluates non-motor features, the second section assesses activities of daily living, the third section involves motor examination, and the fourth section evaluates treatment complications. The four sections total 42 items. Each item is scored from 0 (no symptoms or signs) to 4 (the most severe symptoms or signs).
Measured: up to 8 weeks
New York Postural Assessment Test
For each of the 13 body segments, three diagrams are provided. The posterior view includes the head, shoulders, spine, hips, and feet, while the lateral view includes the neck, chest, shoulders, upper back, trunk, abdomen, and lumbar region. Each body segment is scored as follows: 5 points (correct posture), 3 points (moderate deviation), and 1 point (severe deviation). The total score ranges from 13 to 65. A higher score indicates better posture.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Visual Analog Scale
Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), which consists of a 100-mm horizontal line with scores ranging from 0 to 100 mm. Participants were instructed to mark the point on the line that best represented their current pain intensity, where 0 indicated "no pain" and 100 indicated "worst imaginable pain." The distance in millimeters from the left end of the line to the marked point was measured using a ruler. Higher VAS scores indicate greater pain intensity.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Parkinson Fatigue Scale
Consists of a total of 16 questions related to fatigue. Participants are asked to rate their agreement with the statements on a scale from 1 to 5 (1: strongly disagree, 5: strongly agree). The test result is determined by calculating the average of the responses to all questions.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
10-Meter Walk Test
Gait speed will be assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test. Participants will be instructed to walk a marked 10-meter distance at their usual walking speed. The time taken to complete the distance will be recorded, and walking speed (m/s) will be calculated.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale
It consists of 16 tasks related to daily living activities performed both indoors and outdoors. Each item is rated on a scale from 0% (no confidence) to 100% (full confidence). Scores below 67% indicate a risk of falling, while higher scores reflect greater balance confidence.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Functional Reach Test
Postural stability will be assessed using the Functional Reach Test. The participant stands next to a wall with the arm closest to the wall elevated to 90° of shoulder flexion. The initial and final positions of the third finger are marked, and the reach distance (cm) is calculated.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test
Lower extremity strength and functional mobility will be evaluated using the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test. Participants are instructed to stand up and sit down five times as quickly as possible from an armless chair with arms crossed. The total completion time (seconds) is recorded.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Freezing of Gait Questionnaire
Used to assess freezing episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease. It consists of six questions, each scored on a 0 to 4 scale (0: no symptoms, 4: severe). The total score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating more severe freezing-related impairment.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39)
İt consists of 39 items divided into eight domains. Participants respond based on their experiences over the past month. Each question is scored on a 0 to 4 scale (0: never, 1: rarely, 2: sometimes, 3: often, 4: always).
To calculate the domain score, the total score of the questions within that domain is summed, divided by the maximum possible score for that domain, and multiplied by 100.
The total PDQ-39 score is obtained by summing the eight domain scores and dividing by 8, providing an overall quality of life measure.
Measured: up to 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Dec 2025
- Primary completion5 Apr 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion5 May 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Parkinson DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hasan Kalyoncu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Büşra Akıncı, Hasan Kalyoncu University
- Investigators
- Büşra Akıncı, Principal investigator, Hasan Kalyoncu UniversityGünseli Usgu, Assoc. Prof., Study director, Hasan Kalyoncu University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07322939
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HKU/Ph/1
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 5 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 27 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kim KI, Im SC, Kim K. Effects of trunk stabilization exercises using laser pointer visual feedback in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled study. Technol Health Care. 2023;31(2):471-483. doi: 10.3233/THC-220100.
PubMed 36120797
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Visual Indicator Exercises for the Trunk and Lower Extremities on Activity and Participation in Parkinson's Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07322939
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HKU/Ph/1
- Keywords
- parkinson disease, balance, postural control, visual feedback, exercise
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Hasan Kalyoncu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Apr 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 5 May 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Patients with Parkinson's disease who apply to the Hasan Kalyoncu University Application and Research Center and meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study. The included participants will be randomly assigned into either the intervention group or the control group using a sealed-envelope method. Both groups will undergo a standard exercise program, consisting of posture, strengthening, and balance training, under the supervision of a physiotherapist for 8 weeks, 3 days per week. In addition to this, the intervention group will receive an additional exercise program incorporating visual feedback using a laser pointer, targeting the trunk and lower extremities, also under the supervision of a physiotherapist for 8 weeks, 3 days per week.
Detailed description
This study aims to investigate the effects of visual feedback exercise training focused on balance, postural control, and lower extremity mobility using a laser pointer, in addition to standard rehabilitation, on activity and participation in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Hypotheses:
H1: Incorporating visual feedback-based trunk and lower extremity exercises using a laser pointer into standard rehabilitation improves body structure and function in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
H2: Incorporating visual feedback-based trunk and lower extremity exercises using a laser pointer into standard rehabilitation enhances activity and participation in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| standard exercise program | Active comparator | Other: Control GroupParticipants in the standard exercise group will receive a physiotherapist-supervised exercise program, performed three times per week for a total duration of eight weeks. |
| standard exercise program and visual feedback-based exercise program | Experimental | Other: Control Group, Other: Visual Feedback Exercise GroupParticipants in the standard exercise program and visual feedback-based exercise program group will receive a physiotherapist-supervised exercise program, performed three times per week for eight weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease
- Disease severity classified as stage 1 to 3 according to the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale
- Patients receiving oral antiparkinsonian treatment only
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Presence of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or vestibular disorders that may interfere with the completion of the assessments or treatment protocol
- Presence of additional neurological or psychiatric disorders other than Parkinson's disease
- Presence of visual impairment insufficient to perceive visual feedback
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Control GroupThe exercises will start with 6-8 repetitions and will increase by 2 repetitions each week. Cervical Region: Cervical rotation, lateral flexion, chin-tuck exercises Upper Extremity: Shoulder joint range of motion exercises with a wand, scapular adduction, shoulder retraction Lower Extremity: Bridge exercise, hip flexion, extension, abduction exercises, knee extension exercises, ankle dorsiflexion - plantar flexion exercises Balance Exercises: Perturbation exercises with eyes open and eyes closed on a hard surface, perturbation exercises with eyes open and eyes closed on a soft surface, maintaining a tandem stance Ambulation: Walking training on a treadmill with a Modified Borg Scale of level 3-4. Walking training will begin with 6 minutes in the first week and will increase by 1 minute each week. | Other | standard exercise program, standard exercise program and visual feedback-based exercise program |
| Visual Feedback Exercise GroupThe visual feedback exercise will be performed using a wearable laser pointer attached to the trunk and lower extremities, along with a visual tracking screen. The exercise duration is 20 minutes. The laser placed on the trunk will be used in various exercises, including maintaining stability in a seated position, on a Swiss ball, while standing, during different movements, and on various surfaces. Additionally, trunk control exercises will involve rotational, vertical-horizontal, and circular movements. Exercises targeting trunk control in a crawling position will also be included. For the lower extremities, the program will focus on ankle dorsiflexion, hip abduction and extension, and knee extension. All exercises will be progressively individualized on a weekly basis. | Other | standard exercise program and visual feedback-based exercise program |
Primary outcome
Center of Pressure Elliptical Area
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Postural control will be assessed using the Gyko wearable device. After the wearable vest is properly fitted, the participant will be asked to maintain balance for 30 seconds under four conditions: firm surface with eyes open, firm surface with eyes closed, soft surface with eyes open, and soft surface with eyes closed. The elliptical area of center of pressure displacement (mm²) obtained from the Gyko system will be recorded for each condition and used as the primary outcome measure.
Berg Balance Scale
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
The Berg Balance Scale is used to assess functional balance. It evaluates both dynamic and static balance through 14 tasks related to different positions, postural changes, and mobility. Each task is scored between 0 and 4 based on the individual's ability to perform the task independently, for a certain period, or over a specific distance (0: unable to perform, 4: normal performance). The highest possible score on the scale is 56, and a higher score indicates greater independence.
11 secondary outcomes
L Test
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
New York Postural Assessment Test
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Visual Analog Scale
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Parkinson Fatigue Scale
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
10-Meter Walk Test
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Functional Reach Test
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Freezing of Gait Questionnaire
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39)
Time frame: up to 8 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Jan 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 36120797Kim KI, Im SC, Kim K. Effects of trunk stabilization exercises using laser pointer visual feedback in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled study. Technol Health Care. 2023;31(2):471-483. doi: 10.3233/THC-220100.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Günseli Usgu, Assoc. Prof. contact
Büşra Akıncı principal investigator
Hasan Kalyoncu University
Günseli Usgu, Assoc. Prof. study director
Hasan Kalyoncu University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Visual Feedback Exercise Group in people with Parkinson Disease and Balance Impairment, run by Hasan Kalyoncu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Büşra Akıncı, MSc (+90 (541) 976 55 83, busra.tufekci@hotmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Center of Pressure Elliptical Area (time frame: up to 8 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07322939, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Jan 2026.