StrokeNCT07331714
Comparative Effects of PNF and mCIMT on Lower Limb Function in Patient With Stroke
A study testing PNF and mCIMT in people with Stroke, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Stroke, which is frequently characterized by weakness, poor balance, and decreased mobility that impede independence in everyday activities, has been identified as a major cause of long-term impairment globally. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 45 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- PNF and mCIMT
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 54 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 17 Apr 2025to 17 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 45 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients who are chronic stroke post-stroke or longer will be included. Both males and females are included. Stroke between ages 45 -75 years. Mild to moderate disability assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) with a score of 2 to 3.
- Pain more than 4 on visual analogue scale in the affected lower limb.
Who cannot join
- Recurring stroke Cognitive impairment (Less than 24 points on Mini Mental Status Examination) Peripheral vascular disease (such as Parkinsonism, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury.
- No surgical procedure performed on lower limbs
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy on Lower Limb Function in Patient With Stroke
Stroke, which is frequently characterized by weakness, poor balance, and decreased mobility that impede independence in everyday activities, has been identified as a major cause of long-term impairment globally. There have been reports of an increasing number of stroke survivors in Pakistan, however access to proper rehabilitation is sometimes hampered by a lack of resources and awareness. It is thought that improving walking ability, balance, and day-to-day functioning requires the restoration of lower limb function. Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (mCIMT) and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) have been found to be successful physiotherapy interventions for improving motor recovery, but there is little comparative data on their impact on lower limb function.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of PNF and mCIMT in order to identify whether strategy is better for lower limb rehabilitation after stroke. The findings are expected to give physiotherapists evidence-based recommendations for treatment choices, enabling stroke patients to recover more quickly and become more independent. In the end, community-level advantages are anticipated in the form of less impairment, less caregiver stress, and an overall improvement in the quality of life for stroke victims.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- PNF, mCIMT
- Keywords
- ischemic stroke, stroke rehablitation, stroke, PNF, mCIMT, ROM, Quality of life, Muscle strength, motor function
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke, Ischemic Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PNFOther
PNF training was administered for 10 weeks (Time), 5 days per week (Frequency), for 45 minutes per session (Time), using moderate-to-maximal manual resistance (Intensity) with rhythmic initiation, diagonal patterns, dynamic reversals, and resistance training (Type)
mCIMTOther
mCIMT was administered for 10 weeks (Duration), 5 days per week (Frequency), for 45 minutes per session (Time), involving task-oriented lower limb activities including side stepping, ball kicking, stair climbing, and knee control on a step (Type), performed at moderate functional intensity (Intensity).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| PNF | Experimental | First receive a general preparatory treatment, including hot pack and TENS for 10 minutes to facilitate relaxation, followed by active range of motion exercises as baseline therapy The intervention focused on PNF diagonal patterns, rhythmic initiation, resistance training and dynamic reversals. Receives: Other: PNF |
| mCIMT | Experimental | Initially all participants will receive baseline treatment which include general relaxation followed by AROM. Limb will be constraint to 2.5 hours for 5 days a week and therapy time will be 45 minutes focusing on the use of affected limb up to 10 weeks. Side stepping, Ball kicking, Stair climbing, and Knee control on a step. Receives: Other: mCIMT |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
motor function
The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) is a widely used and recommended scale for evaluation of post-stroke motor impairment. The FMA-LE is a reliable tool for assessment of motor impairment both within and between raters early after stroke. The scale can be recommended internationally. A unified international use of FMA-LE would allow comparison of stroke recovery outcomes worldwide and thereby potentially improve the quality of stroke rehabilitation. The scale is recognized as a gold standard and is recommended both for clinical use and research world wide. The scale includes assessment of reflex activity, voluntary movements within and outside of synergies, ability to perform isolated movement, and coordination. This means that the scale is valid for determining level of motor function in people with stroke.The total score of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) is 34 points.Each item is scored on a 0-2 scale.
Measured: 10 week
Muscle Strength
The Motricity Index (MI) is an ordinal measure used to assess muscle strength in individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis, originally developed by Demeurisse et al. in 1980. It evaluates three key upper limb movements-pinch grip (PG), elbow flexion (EF), and shoulder abduction (SA)-and three lower limb movements-ankle dorsiflexion (AD), knee extension (KE), and hip flexion (HF), each graded using the Medical Research Council (MRC) 6-point scale and then converted into modified weighted scores. A total score ranging from 0 (complete paresis) to 100 (normal strength) is computed for each limb, and a side score may also be obtained by averaging upper and lower limb totals. Administration time ranges from 5 to 20 minutes depending on the examiner's experience and the severity of impairment. The MI demonstrates excellent inter-rater reliability, strong construct and concurrent validity with established motor impairment scales, and good predictive validity as initial MI scores correlates
Measured: 10 week
range of motion
Goniometer refers to the measurement of angles in particular the measurement of angles created at human joints by the bones of the body. These measurement are obtained by placing the parts of measuring instrument, called a goniometer. Goniometery may be used to determine both a particular joint position and the total amount of motion available at a joint. The data analysis revealed the inter tester reliability and validity were high
Measured: 10 week
stroke specific quality of life
Stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL) is a standardized, reliable, and disease-specific questionnaire designed to evaluate quality of life in individuals with stroke. It consists of twelve domains and forty-nine items, each scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The domains include energy, language, mobility, self-care, family roles, social roles, vision, mood, thinking, upper extremity function, and work and productivity. The SS-QOL has been widely validated and is considered an effective tool for assessing functional and psychosocial outcomes in stroke patients.Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) scale consists of 49 items across 12 domains.Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1-5). Minimum possible total score is 49 and maximum possible total score is 245.Higher scores indicate better quality of life in stroke patients.
Measured: 10 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Jan 2026
- Study start17 Apr 2025
- Primary completion17 Dec 2025
- Study completion17 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (32)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Riffat Malik, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07331714
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0294
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 29 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 12 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Bingol H, Gunel MK. Comparing the effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual training in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy mainstreamed in regular school: A randomized controlled study. Arch Pediatr. 2022 Feb;29(2):105-115. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2021.11.017. Epub 2022 Jan 14.
PubMed 35039189Sharma S, Mehta S. Effectiveness of Lower Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on ADL in Stroke.
Patni HY. A comparative study on the effects of pelvic PNF exercises and hip extensor strengthening exercises on gait parameters of chronic hemiplegic patients. Int J Physiother Res. 2019;7(4):3150-56.
Hussein ZA, Khazraji RTT, Gazi HK. The Efficacy of Strengthening and Stretching by PNF for Foot Drop in Hemiplegia. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2025;23(3):331-8.
Chavan NS, Raghuveer R. Lower limb rehabilitation using modified constraint-induced movement therapy and motor relearning program on balance and gait in sub-acute hemiplegic stroke: a comparative study. F1000Res. 2024 Mar 28;12:1098. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.138127.2. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 39291140Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu P, Chen Y, Gao B, Chen C, Bai Y. Effectiveness of contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation vs. neuromuscular electrical stimulation for recovery of lower extremity function in patients with subacute stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol. 2022 Dec 8;13:1010975. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1010975. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 36570446Arif T, Raza T, Saleem Z, Saeed Z, Tariq R, Shahid I. Quality of Life Among Stroke Survivors; A Descriptive Study. Journal Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences. 2023;11(03).
Hernandez ED, Forero SM, Galeano CP, Barbosa NE, Sunnerhagen KS, Alt Murphy M. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity early after stroke. Braz J Phys Ther. 2021 Nov-Dec;25(6):709-718. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
PubMed 33358073Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry: FA Davis; 2016.
Longo D, Doronzio S, Piazzini M, Politi AM, Ciapetti T, Gerli F, Barnabe M, Ciullini F, Castagnoli C, Pellegrini I, Cannobio M, Bardi D, Baccini M, Cecchi F. Development of the Italian version of the Motricity Index and evaluation of its reliability in adults with stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2025 Jan 3;57:jrm40441. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v57.40441.
PubMed 39749422Lee D, Bae Y. Short-Term Effect of Kinesio Taping of Lower-Leg Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Pattern on Gait Parameter and Dynamic Balance in Chronic Stroke with Foot Drop. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Mar 3;9(3):271. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9030271.
PubMed 33802448Shahid Z, Dioso RIP. Comparison of Tele-Rehabilitation-Based Training and generic Home-Based Program in Enhancing Balance and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke Patients: An Experimental Study. 2023.
Ceylan CM, Şen Eİ, Karaagac T, Şahbaz T, Yalıman A. Effect of Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Upper Extremity Function for Stroke Patients with Right/Left Arm Paresis: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Ahi Evran Medical Journal. 2023;7(2):155-64.
Noor S, Bukhari SN, Tariq R, Inam AB. Effect of Modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy on Improving Hand Function of Stroke Patients. Journal of Islamic International Medical College (JIIMC). 2020;15(4):236-40.
Cao M, Li X. Effectiveness of modified constraint-induced movement therapy for upper limb function intervention following stroke: A brief review. Sports Med Health Sci. 2021 Aug 10;3(3):134-137. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.08.001. eCollection 2021 Sep.
PubMed 35784520
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy on Lower Limb Function in Patient With Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07331714
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0294
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- ischemic stroke, stroke rehablitation, stroke, PNF, mCIMT, ROM, Quality of life, Muscle strength
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 17 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 17 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 17 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stroke, which is frequently characterized by weakness, poor balance, and decreased mobility that impede independence in everyday activities, has been identified as a major cause of long-term impairment globally. There have been reports of an increasing number of stroke survivors in Pakistan, however access to proper rehabilitation is sometimes hampered by a lack of resources and awareness. It is thought that improving walking ability, balance, and day-to-day functioning requires the restoration of lower limb function. Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (mCIMT) and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) have been found to be successful physiotherapy interventions for improving motor recovery, but there is little comparative data on their impact on lower limb function.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of PNF and mCIMT in order to identify whether strategy is better for lower limb rehabilitation after stroke. The findings are expected to give physiotherapists evidence-based recommendations for treatment choices, enabling stroke patients to recover more quickly and become more independent. In the end, community-level advantages are anticipated in the form of less impairment, less caregiver stress, and an overall improvement in the quality of life for stroke victims.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| PNF | Experimental | Other: PNFFirst receive a general preparatory treatment, including hot pack and TENS for 10 minutes to facilitate relaxation, followed by active range of motion exercises as baseline therapy The intervention focused on PNF diagonal patterns, rhythmic initiation, resistance training and dynamic reversals. |
| mCIMT | Experimental | Other: mCIMTInitially all participants will receive baseline treatment which include general relaxation followed by AROM. Limb will be constraint to 2.5 hours for 5 days a week and therapy time will be 45 minutes focusing on the use of affected limb up to 10 weeks. Side stepping, Ball kicking, Stair climbing, and Knee control on a step. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 45 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Patients who are chronic stroke post-stroke or longer will be included. Both males and females are included. Stroke between ages 45 -75 years. Mild to moderate disability assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) with a score of 2 to 3.
- Pain more than 4 on visual analogue scale in the affected lower limb.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Recurring stroke Cognitive impairment (Less than 24 points on Mini Mental Status Examination) Peripheral vascular disease (such as Parkinsonism, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury.
- No surgical procedure performed on lower limbs
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PNFPNF training was administered for 10 weeks (Time), 5 days per week (Frequency), for 45 minutes per session (Time), using moderate-to-maximal manual resistance (Intensity) with rhythmic initiation, diagonal patterns, dynamic reversals, and resistance training (Type) | Other | PNF |
| mCIMTmCIMT was administered for 10 weeks (Duration), 5 days per week (Frequency), for 45 minutes per session (Time), involving task-oriented lower limb activities including side stepping, ball kicking, stair climbing, and knee control on a step (Type), performed at moderate functional intensity (Intensity). | Other | mCIMT |
Primary outcome
motor function
Time frame: 10 week
The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) is a widely used and recommended scale for evaluation of post-stroke motor impairment. The FMA-LE is a reliable tool for assessment of motor impairment both within and between raters early after stroke. The scale can be recommended internationally. A unified international use of FMA-LE would allow comparison of stroke recovery outcomes worldwide and thereby potentially improve the quality of stroke rehabilitation. The scale is recognized as a gold standard and is recommended both for clinical use and research world wide. The scale includes assessment of reflex activity, voluntary movements within and outside of synergies, ability to perform isolated movement, and coordination. This means that the scale is valid for determining level of motor function in people with stroke.The total score of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) is 34 points.Each item is scored on a 0-2 scale.
Muscle Strength
Time frame: 10 week
The Motricity Index (MI) is an ordinal measure used to assess muscle strength in individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis, originally developed by Demeurisse et al. in 1980. It evaluates three key upper limb movements-pinch grip (PG), elbow flexion (EF), and shoulder abduction (SA)-and three lower limb movements-ankle dorsiflexion (AD), knee extension (KE), and hip flexion (HF), each graded using the Medical Research Council (MRC) 6-point scale and then converted into modified weighted scores. A total score ranging from 0 (complete paresis) to 100 (normal strength) is computed for each limb, and a side score may also be obtained by averaging upper and lower limb totals. Administration time ranges from 5 to 20 minutes depending on the examiner's experience and the severity of impairment. The MI demonstrates excellent inter-rater reliability, strong construct and concurrent validity with established motor impairment scales, and good predictive validity as initial MI scores correlates
range of motion
Time frame: 10 week
Goniometer refers to the measurement of angles in particular the measurement of angles created at human joints by the bones of the body. These measurement are obtained by placing the parts of measuring instrument, called a goniometer. Goniometery may be used to determine both a particular joint position and the total amount of motion available at a joint. The data analysis revealed the inter tester reliability and validity were high
stroke specific quality of life
Time frame: 10 week
Stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL) is a standardized, reliable, and disease-specific questionnaire designed to evaluate quality of life in individuals with stroke. It consists of twelve domains and forty-nine items, each scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The domains include energy, language, mobility, self-care, family roles, social roles, vision, mood, thinking, upper extremity function, and work and productivity. The SS-QOL has been widely validated and is considered an effective tool for assessing functional and psychosocial outcomes in stroke patients.Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) scale consists of 49 items across 12 domains.Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1-5). Minimum possible total score is 49 and maximum possible total score is 245.Higher scores indicate better quality of life in stroke patients.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Jan 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35039189Bingol H, Gunel MK. Comparing the effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual training in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy mainstreamed in regular school: A randomized controlled study. Arch Pediatr. 2022 Feb;29(2):105-115. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2021.11.017. Epub 2022 Jan 14.
- BackgroundSharma S, Mehta S. Effectiveness of Lower Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on ADL in Stroke.
- BackgroundPatni HY. A comparative study on the effects of pelvic PNF exercises and hip extensor strengthening exercises on gait parameters of chronic hemiplegic patients. Int J Physiother Res. 2019;7(4):3150-56.
- BackgroundHussein ZA, Khazraji RTT, Gazi HK. The Efficacy of Strengthening and Stretching by PNF for Foot Drop in Hemiplegia. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2025;23(3):331-8.
- Background: PubMed 39291140Chavan NS, Raghuveer R. Lower limb rehabilitation using modified constraint-induced movement therapy and motor relearning program on balance and gait in sub-acute hemiplegic stroke: a comparative study. F1000Res. 2024 Mar 28;12:1098. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.138127.2. eCollection 2023.
- Background: PubMed 36570446Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu P, Chen Y, Gao B, Chen C, Bai Y. Effectiveness of contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation vs. neuromuscular electrical stimulation for recovery of lower extremity function in patients with subacute stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol. 2022 Dec 8;13:1010975. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1010975. eCollection 2022.
- BackgroundArif T, Raza T, Saleem Z, Saeed Z, Tariq R, Shahid I. Quality of Life Among Stroke Survivors; A Descriptive Study. Journal Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences. 2023;11(03).
- Background: PubMed 33358073Hernandez ED, Forero SM, Galeano CP, Barbosa NE, Sunnerhagen KS, Alt Murphy M. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity early after stroke. Braz J Phys Ther. 2021 Nov-Dec;25(6):709-718. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
- BackgroundNorkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry: FA Davis; 2016.
- Background: PubMed 39749422Longo D, Doronzio S, Piazzini M, Politi AM, Ciapetti T, Gerli F, Barnabe M, Ciullini F, Castagnoli C, Pellegrini I, Cannobio M, Bardi D, Baccini M, Cecchi F. Development of the Italian version of the Motricity Index and evaluation of its reliability in adults with stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2025 Jan 3;57:jrm40441. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v57.40441.
- Background: PubMed 33802448Lee D, Bae Y. Short-Term Effect of Kinesio Taping of Lower-Leg Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Pattern on Gait Parameter and Dynamic Balance in Chronic Stroke with Foot Drop. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Mar 3;9(3):271. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9030271.
- BackgroundShahid Z, Dioso RIP. Comparison of Tele-Rehabilitation-Based Training and generic Home-Based Program in Enhancing Balance and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke Patients: An Experimental Study. 2023.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Riffat Malik principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing PNF and mCIMT in people with Stroke, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
motor function (time frame: 10 week). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07331714, which also lists 32 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Jan 2026.