Complex Regional Pain Syndrome(CRPS)NCT07332884
Comparative Effects of Mirror Therapy and Standard Physiotherapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
A study testing Mirror Therapy and Routine Physical Therapy in people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, run by University of Lahore at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent pain, sensory disturbances, motor dysfunction, and functional impairment, often following trauma or surgery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- Mirror Therapy and Routine Physical Therapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 52 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 24 Nov 2024to 10 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 40-65 years
- Both genders
- Hemiplegic patients with subacute stage
- Patients who developed CRPS of the hand due to stroke
- Patients with a diagnosis of CRPS 1
- Exclusion criteria Cognitive disorders and perceptual disorders
Show all 9Show fewer
- Comorbid conditions (e.g., decompensated heart failure, chronic renal insufficiency
- Hand arthritis
- Arterial/venous injuries and/ or undergoing arterial revascularization
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
University of Lahore teaching hospital
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Mirror Therapy and Routine Physical Therapy for the Management of Pain, Spasticity, and Strength in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent pain, sensory disturbances, motor dysfunction, and functional impairment, often following trauma or surgery. Conventional physical therapy is commonly used in the management of CRPS; however, treatment outcomes are often variable and incomplete. Mirror therapy is a non-invasive rehabilitation technique that uses visual feedback to influence cortical reorganization and may help reduce pain and improve motor function in patients with CRPS.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of mirror therapy with routine physical therapy in patients diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Eligible participants will be allocated into two groups. One group will receive mirror therapy in addition to standard rehabilitation exercises, while the control group will receive routine physical therapy alone. Both interventions will be delivered over a defined treatment period under supervised conditions.
Primary outcomes will include changes in pain intensity, while secondary outcomes will assess functional ability, range of motion, and overall limb use. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after completion of the intervention period. This study aims to determine whether mirror therapy provides additional benefits over routine physical therapy in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Read the detailed description
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling chronic pain condition that may develop after injury, surgery, or immobilization and is associated with disproportionate pain, sensory abnormalities, motor dysfunction, and reduced use of the affected limb. These impairments significantly affect daily activities and quality of life. Although routine physical therapy remains a cornerstone of CRPS management, optimal rehabilitation strategies continue to be explored.
Mirror therapy is a neurorehabilitation technique that provides visual feedback of the unaffected limb to create the illusion of normal movement in the affected limb. This approach is believed to modulate central nervous system processing, reduce maladaptive cortical reorganization, and improve motor control. Previous studies have suggested potential benefits of mirror therapy in chronic pain conditions; however, evidence comparing mirror therapy with routine physical therapy in CRPS remains limited.
This study is designed to evaluate and compare the effects of mirror therapy and routine physical therapy on pain and functional outcomes in patients diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Participants will be assigned to one of two intervention groups. The experimental group will receive mirror therapy sessions alongside conventional rehabilitation exercises, while the control group will receive routine physical therapy based on standard clinical practice. Interventions will be administered by qualified physical therapists according to a predefined treatment protocol.
Outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention period using standardized and validated measures. The study will assess changes in pain intensity, functional performance, and limb use to determine the comparative effectiveness of mirror therapy versus routine physical therapy. Findings from this study may contribute to evidence-based rehabilitation strategies for patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
- Conditions
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- Being tested
- Mirror Therapy, Routine Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome CRPS, Motor Function, Mirror therapy, Neuro rehabilitation, Pain management
- Medical subject headings
- Complex Regional Pain Syndromes, Agnosia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mirror TherapyOther
Participants perform movements with the unaffected limb while watching its reflection in a mirror, creating the visual illusion that the affected limb is moving normally. Aimed at reducing pain and improving motor functio
Routine Physical TherapyOther
Standard physical therapy including stretching, strengthening, and functional exercises to improve mobility, reduce pain, and restore limb function in CRPS patients.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror Therapy Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive mirror therapy, a rehabilitation technique where movements of the unaffected limb are reflected in a mirror to create a visual illusion that the affected limb is moving normally. Therapy sessions will be conducted [specify frequency, e.g., 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week] for [specify duration, e.g., 4 weeks]. Receives: Other: Mirror Therapy |
| Routine Physical Therapy Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive standard physical therapy for CRPS, including exercises, stretching, and functional activities aimed at improving mobility, reducing pain, and enhancing limb function. Sessions will be conducted [specify frequency, e.g., 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week] for [specify duration, e.g., 4 weeks]. Receives: Other: Routine Physical Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain management
Participants in both arms will receive interventions aimed at reducing pain associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. For the Mirror Therapy Group, pain reduction is targeted through visual-motor feedback, which can help retrain the brain and reduce pain perception. For the Routine Physical Therapy Group, pain is managed through exercises, stretching, and functional activities that improve mobility, reduce stiffness, and decrease pain intensity.
Measured: Duration of intervention: 4 weeks Frequency: 30 minutes per session, 5 sessions per week Pain assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-intervention), weekly during the intervention, and at the end of 4 weeks to evaluate changes in pain intensity
Hand Grip
Hand grip strength will be measured using a dynamometer to assess the functional strength of the affected limb in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Participants will be instructed to squeeze the dynamometer maximally for a few seconds, and the best of three trials will be recorded for accuracy. This measurement evaluates improvements in motor function and muscle strength as a result of the intervention.
Measured: • Baseline assessment: Before the start of the intervention • Interim assessments: Weekly during the 4-week intervention period • Final assessment: At the end of 4 weeks
spasticity
Spasticity of the affected limb will be assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), which grades muscle tone from 0 (no increase in tone) to 4 (rigid in flexion or extension). The assessment evaluates resistance to passive movement, helping to determine changes in muscle stiffness and motor control resulting from the intervention.
Measured: Baseline: Before the start of the intervention • Interim assessments: Weekly during the 4-week intervention period • Final assessment: At the end of 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Jan 2026
- Study start24 Nov 2024
- Primary completion4 May 2025
- Study completion10 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Complex Regional Pain SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of LahoreThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This is a parallel-group interventional study in which eligible participants with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome are allocated into two intervention arms. One group receives mirror therapy in addition to routine physical therapy, while the comparison group receives routine physical therapy alone. Participants remain in their assigned intervention group for the duration of the study, and outcomes are assessed at baseline and after completion of the intervention period.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 52 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Lahore
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07332884
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 70146229@student.uol.edu.pk
- Acronym
- (CRPS)
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 30 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 12 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ozdemir EC, Elhan AH, Kucukdeveci AA. Effects of mirror therapy in post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome type-1: a randomized controlled study. J Rehabil Med. 2024 Sep 24;56:jrm40417. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v56.40417.
PubMed 39318174Kotiuk V, Burianov O, Kostrub O, Khimion L, Zasadnyuk I. The impact of mirror therapy on body schema perception in patients with complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fractures. Br J Pain. 2019 Feb;13(1):35-42. doi: 10.1177/2049463718782544. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
PubMed 30671237Khoramdel F, Ravanbod R, Akbari H. Effect of high-intensity laser therapy and mirror therapy on complex regional pain syndrome type I in the hand area: A randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther. 2025 Oct-Dec;38(4):791-798. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2025.02.009. Epub 2025 Mar 21.
PubMed 40118675Harmsen, W. J., Bulten, R., & Schrier, E. (2020). The effectiveness of mirror therapy and graded motor imagery for complex regional pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Pain, 24(8), 1575-1587.
Giostri GS, Souza CDA. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2024 Apr 22;59(4):e497-e503. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1779331. eCollection 2024 Aug.
PubMed 39239587Ferraro MC, Cashin AG, Wand BM, Smart KM, Berryman C, Marston L, Moseley GL, McAuley JH, O'Connell NE. Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome- an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 12;6(6):CD009416. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009416.pub3.
PubMed 37306570Donati D, Boccolari P, Giorgi F, Berti L, Platano D, Tedeschi R. Breaking the Cycle of Pain: The Role of Graded Motor Imagery and Mirror Therapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 20;12(9):2140. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12092140.
PubMed 39335652Cuenca-Martinez F, Reina-Varona A, Castillo-Garcia J, La Touche R, Angulo-Diaz-Parreno S, Suso-Marti L. Pain relief by movement representation strategies: An umbrella and mapping review with meta-meta-analysis of motor imagery, action observation and mirror therapy. Eur J Pain. 2022 Feb;26(2):284-309. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1870. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
PubMed 34592050Cacchio A, De Blasis E, De Blasis V, Santilli V, Spacca G. Mirror therapy in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 of the upper limb in stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 Oct;23(8):792-9. doi: 10.1177/1545968309335977. Epub 2009 May 22.
PubMed 19465507Buraschi, R., Ranica, G., Nicassio, F., Falso, M. V., & Pollet, J. (2024). Efficacy of rehabilitative intervention on pain and function in patients with upper limb complex regional pain syndrome: A systematic review. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 40(2), 139-146.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Mirror Therapy and Routine Physical Therapy for the Management of Pain, Spasticity, and Strength in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): A Randomized Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07332884
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- (CRPS) / 70146229@student.uol.edu.pk
- Conditions
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- Keywords
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome CRPS, Motor Function, Mirror therapy, Neuro rehabilitation, Pain management
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 52 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of LahoreUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 24 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 4 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent pain, sensory disturbances, motor dysfunction, and functional impairment, often following trauma or surgery. Conventional physical therapy is commonly used in the management of CRPS; however, treatment outcomes are often variable and incomplete. Mirror therapy is a non-invasive rehabilitation technique that uses visual feedback to influence cortical reorganization and may help reduce pain and improve motor function in patients with CRPS.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of mirror therapy with routine physical therapy in patients diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Eligible participants will be allocated into two groups. One group will receive mirror therapy in addition to standard rehabilitation exercises, while the control group will receive routine physical therapy alone. Both interventions will be delivered over a defined treatment period under supervised conditions.
Primary outcomes will include changes in pain intensity, while secondary outcomes will assess functional ability, range of motion, and overall limb use. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after completion of the intervention period. This study aims to determine whether mirror therapy provides additional benefits over routine physical therapy in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Detailed description
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling chronic pain condition that may develop after injury, surgery, or immobilization and is associated with disproportionate pain, sensory abnormalities, motor dysfunction, and reduced use of the affected limb. These impairments significantly affect daily activities and quality of life. Although routine physical therapy remains a cornerstone of CRPS management, optimal rehabilitation strategies continue to be explored.
Mirror therapy is a neurorehabilitation technique that provides visual feedback of the unaffected limb to create the illusion of normal movement in the affected limb. This approach is believed to modulate central nervous system processing, reduce maladaptive cortical reorganization, and improve motor control. Previous studies have suggested potential benefits of mirror therapy in chronic pain conditions; however, evidence comparing mirror therapy with routine physical therapy in CRPS remains limited.
This study is designed to evaluate and compare the effects of mirror therapy and routine physical therapy on pain and functional outcomes in patients diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Participants will be assigned to one of two intervention groups. The experimental group will receive mirror therapy sessions alongside conventional rehabilitation exercises, while the control group will receive routine physical therapy based on standard clinical practice. Interventions will be administered by qualified physical therapists according to a predefined treatment protocol.
Outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention period using standardized and validated measures. The study will assess changes in pain intensity, functional performance, and limb use to determine the comparative effectiveness of mirror therapy versus routine physical therapy. Findings from this study may contribute to evidence-based rehabilitation strategies for patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This is a parallel-group interventional study in which eligible participants with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome are allocated into two intervention arms. One group receives mirror therapy in addition to routine physical therapy, while the comparison group receives routine physical therapy alone. Participants remain in their assigned intervention group for the duration of the study, and outcomes are assessed at baseline and after completion of the intervention period.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror Therapy Group | Experimental | Other: Mirror TherapyParticipants in this arm will receive mirror therapy, a rehabilitation technique where movements of the unaffected limb are reflected in a mirror to create a visual illusion that the affected limb is moving normally. Therapy sessions will be conducted [specify frequency, e.g., 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week] for [specify duration, e.g., 4 weeks]. |
| Routine Physical Therapy Group | Experimental | Other: Routine Physical TherapyParticipants in this arm will receive standard physical therapy for CRPS, including exercises, stretching, and functional activities aimed at improving mobility, reducing pain, and enhancing limb function. Sessions will be conducted [specify frequency, e.g., 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week] for [specify duration, e.g., 4 weeks]. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Age 40-65 years
- Both genders
- Hemiplegic patients with subacute stage
- Patients who developed CRPS of the hand due to stroke
- Patients with a diagnosis of CRPS 1
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror TherapyParticipants perform movements with the unaffected limb while watching its reflection in a mirror, creating the visual illusion that the affected limb is moving normally. Aimed at reducing pain and improving motor functio | Other | Mirror Therapy Group |
| Routine Physical TherapyStandard physical therapy including stretching, strengthening, and functional exercises to improve mobility, reduce pain, and restore limb function in CRPS patients. | Other | Routine Physical Therapy Group |
Primary outcome
Pain management
Time frame: Duration of intervention: 4 weeks Frequency: 30 minutes per session, 5 sessions per week Pain assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-intervention), weekly during the intervention, and at the end of 4 weeks to evaluate changes in pain intensity
Participants in both arms will receive interventions aimed at reducing pain associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. For the Mirror Therapy Group, pain reduction is targeted through visual-motor feedback, which can help retrain the brain and reduce pain perception. For the Routine Physical Therapy Group, pain is managed through exercises, stretching, and functional activities that improve mobility, reduce stiffness, and decrease pain intensity.
Hand Grip
Time frame: • Baseline assessment: Before the start of the intervention • Interim assessments: Weekly during the 4-week intervention period • Final assessment: At the end of 4 weeks
Hand grip strength will be measured using a dynamometer to assess the functional strength of the affected limb in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Participants will be instructed to squeeze the dynamometer maximally for a few seconds, and the best of three trials will be recorded for accuracy. This measurement evaluates improvements in motor function and muscle strength as a result of the intervention.
spasticity
Time frame: Baseline: Before the start of the intervention • Interim assessments: Weekly during the 4-week intervention period • Final assessment: At the end of 4 weeks
Spasticity of the affected limb will be assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), which grades muscle tone from 0 (no increase in tone) to 4 (rigid in flexion or extension). The assessment evaluates resistance to passive movement, helping to determine changes in muscle stiffness and motor control resulting from the intervention.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Jan 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 39318174Ozdemir EC, Elhan AH, Kucukdeveci AA. Effects of mirror therapy in post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome type-1: a randomized controlled study. J Rehabil Med. 2024 Sep 24;56:jrm40417. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v56.40417.
- Results publication: PubMed 30671237Kotiuk V, Burianov O, Kostrub O, Khimion L, Zasadnyuk I. The impact of mirror therapy on body schema perception in patients with complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fractures. Br J Pain. 2019 Feb;13(1):35-42. doi: 10.1177/2049463718782544. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
- Results publication: PubMed 40118675Khoramdel F, Ravanbod R, Akbari H. Effect of high-intensity laser therapy and mirror therapy on complex regional pain syndrome type I in the hand area: A randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther. 2025 Oct-Dec;38(4):791-798. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2025.02.009. Epub 2025 Mar 21.
- Results publicationHarmsen, W. J., Bulten, R., & Schrier, E. (2020). The effectiveness of mirror therapy and graded motor imagery for complex regional pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Pain, 24(8), 1575-1587.
- Results publication: PubMed 39239587Giostri GS, Souza CDA. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2024 Apr 22;59(4):e497-e503. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1779331. eCollection 2024 Aug.
- Results publication: PubMed 37306570Ferraro MC, Cashin AG, Wand BM, Smart KM, Berryman C, Marston L, Moseley GL, McAuley JH, O'Connell NE. Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome- an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 12;6(6):CD009416. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009416.pub3.
- Results publication: PubMed 39335652Donati D, Boccolari P, Giorgi F, Berti L, Platano D, Tedeschi R. Breaking the Cycle of Pain: The Role of Graded Motor Imagery and Mirror Therapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 20;12(9):2140. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12092140.
- Results publication: PubMed 34592050Cuenca-Martinez F, Reina-Varona A, Castillo-Garcia J, La Touche R, Angulo-Diaz-Parreno S, Suso-Marti L. Pain relief by movement representation strategies: An umbrella and mapping review with meta-meta-analysis of motor imagery, action observation and mirror therapy. Eur J Pain. 2022 Feb;26(2):284-309. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1870. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
- Results publication: PubMed 19465507Cacchio A, De Blasis E, De Blasis V, Santilli V, Spacca G. Mirror therapy in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 of the upper limb in stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 Oct;23(8):792-9. doi: 10.1177/1545968309335977. Epub 2009 May 22.
- Results publicationBuraschi, R., Ranica, G., Nicassio, F., Falso, M. V., & Pollet, J. (2024). Efficacy of rehabilitative intervention on pain and function in patients with upper limb complex regional pain syndrome: A systematic review. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 40(2), 139-146.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mirror Therapy and Routine Physical Therapy in people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, run by University of Lahore at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain management (time frame: Duration of intervention: 4 weeks Frequency: 30 minutes per session, 5 sessions per week Pain assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-intervention), weekly during the intervention, and at the end of 4 weeks to evaluate changes in pain intensity). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07332884, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Jan 2026.