Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)HEROS 4NCT07363772
Evaluation of Mixed Reality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training
A study testing HEROS 4.0 and Conventional CPR training in people with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Basic Life Support Training Course, run by Seoul National University Hospital at 1 site in South Korea.
Trial summary
<Study Design> This study is a cluster-randomized, stratified, non-inferiority trial designed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and educational effectiveness of HEROS 4.0, a mixed-reality (MR)-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training system, compared with conventional instructor-led CPR training. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Basic Life Support Training Course, Cardiac Arrest (CA)
- What is being tested?
- HEROS 4.0 and Conventional CPR training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSouth Korea
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2026to 31 Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18-50 years who have not received CPR training within the previous 12 months.
Who cannot join
- Healthcare professionals
- Individuals unable to safely tolerate MR equipment (e.g. motion sickness)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
South Korea1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Nowon-gu Public Health Center
Seoul, Nowon-gu, 01689
Dong Hyun Choi, MD, PhD, 82-2-2072-4646, donghyun369@naver.com
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Efficacy and Effectiveness of Mixed Reality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training
<Study Design> This study is a cluster-randomized, stratified, non-inferiority trial designed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and educational effectiveness of HEROS 4.0, a mixed-reality (MR)-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training system, compared with conventional instructor-led CPR training.
<Objective \& Hypothesis> The primary objective is to determine whether MR-based HEROS 4.0 CPR training is non-inferior to standard video- and instructor-based CPR training in improving CPR performance quality. The central hypothesis is that participants trained using HEROS 4.0 will achieve comparable CPR quality to those trained using traditional methods, while benefiting from enhanced immersion, scalability, and accessibility.
Read more
<Participants> A total of 120 adults aged 18-50 years who have not received CPR training within the previous 12 months will be recruited. Participants will be assigned to one of two clusters and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the HEROS 4.0 MR training group or the conventional CPR training group.
<Intervention \& Control>
Participants will undergo CPR training according to their assigned group:
Intervention group (HEROS 4.0):
Participants will receive a two-stage CPR training program consisting of pre-training and on-site MR-based training. As pre-training, participants will be instructed to watch a 40-minute instructional video (conventional CPR training group video) at home prior to their visit. After completing the pre-training, participants will undergo 20 minutes of MR-based CPR training using the HEROS 4.0 system in a dedicated CPR training booth.
Control group (Conventional CPR training):
Participants will receive 60 minutes of standard CPR education delivered through instructional videos and in-person instructor guidance, reflecting current community CPR training practice.
<Outcomes> Immediately after training, all participants will undergo a standardized cardiac arrest simulation using a CPR quality-measurement manikin. This simulation will assess objective CPR performance metrics as well as subjective outcomes through questionnaires.
To evaluate knowledge retention and skill durability, all assessments will be repeated 6 months after training using the same simulation scenario and outcome measures.
The primary outcome is chest compression fraction measured during the standardized simulated cardiac arrest scenario.
Secondary outcomes include quantitative measures of CPR quality and participant-reported outcomes based on survey.
- Conditions
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Basic Life Support Training Course, Cardiac Arrest (CA)
- Being tested
- HEROS 4.0, Conventional CPR training
- Medical subject headings
- Heart Arrest
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
HEROS 4.0Other
Participants will receive a two-stage CPR training program consisting of pre-training and on-site MR-based training. As pre-training, participants will be instructed to watch a 40-minute instructional video (conventional CPR training group video) at home prior to their visit. After completing the pre-training, participants will undergo 20 minutes of MR-based CPR training using the HEROS 4.0 system in a dedicated CPR training booth. The MR-based CPR training content consists of cardiac arrest recognition, calling emergency medical services, chest compressions, and use of an automated external defibrillator, while minimizing interruptions in chest compressions.
Conventional CPR trainingOther
Participants will receive 60 minutes of standard CPR education delivered through instructional videos and in-person instructor guidance, reflecting current community CPR training practice.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| HEROS 4.0 | Experimental | Participants will receive a two-stage CPR training program consisting of pre-training and on-site MR-based training. As pre-training, participants will be instructed to watch a 40-minute instructional video (conventional CPR training group video) at home prior to their visit. After completing the pre-training, participants will undergo 20 minutes of MR-based CPR training using the HEROS 4.0 system in a dedicated CPR training booth. Receives: Other: HEROS 4.0 |
| Conventional CPR training | Active comparator | Participants will receive 60 minutes of standard CPR education delivered through instructional videos and in-person instructor guidance, reflecting current community CPR training practice. Receives: Other: Conventional CPR training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Chest compression fraction
Chest compression fraction (CCF) is defined as the proportion of total resuscitation time during which chest compressions are actively delivered. Chest compression quality metrics including CCF will be measured during a standardized cardiac arrest simulation using a CPR quality-measurement manikin.
Measured: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow-up.
Secondary outcomes (7)
Mean chest compression depth
The average depth of all chest compressions delivered during the simulated resuscitation.
Measured: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
Mean chest compression rate
The average number of chest compressions performed per minute during the CPR simulation.
Measured: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
Proportion of compressions with adequate depth
The percentage of chest compressions that meet guideline-recommended depth (5-6 cm) criteria during the simulation.
Measured: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
Proportion of compressions with adequate rate
The percentage of chest compressions that fall within the guideline-recommended (100-120 compressions per minute) compression rate range.
Measured: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
Overall basic life support performance
Measurement of basic life support performance during standardized cardiac arrest simulation using the following checklist items including:
Check response / Assess breathing / Call EMS and get help / Chest compressions / Activate AED and attach pads / Stand clear / Deliver shock / Minimize CPR interruptions /
Measured: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
CPR self-efficacy
Participants' self-efficacy in performing CPR will be evaluated using a modified version of the Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale (BRS-SES), consisting of 15 items rated on a 11-point Likert scale (converted to 0-100 scale), with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy.
Measured: (1) Before training, (2) immediately after training and (3) at 6-month follow-up.
System Usability Scale
The usability of the MR-based CPR Training program will be evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS), a validated 10-item questionnaire rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating better usability. This assessment will be conducted only in the experimental group.
Measured: Immediately after training
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Feb 2026
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Seoul National University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Seoul National University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ki Jeong Hong, Seoul National University Hospital
- Investigators
- Sang Do Shin, MD, PhD, Study chair, Seoul National University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07363772
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2401-048-1500
- Acronym
- HEROS 4
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 15 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 28 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Efficacy and Effectiveness of Mixed Reality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07363772
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HEROS 4 / 2401-048-1500
- Conditions
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Basic Life Support Training Course, Cardiac Arrest (CA)
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Seoul National University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
<Study Design> This study is a cluster-randomized, stratified, non-inferiority trial designed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and educational effectiveness of HEROS 4.0, a mixed-reality (MR)-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training system, compared with conventional instructor-led CPR training.
<Objective \& Hypothesis> The primary objective is to determine whether MR-based HEROS 4.0 CPR training is non-inferior to standard video- and instructor-based CPR training in improving CPR performance quality. The central hypothesis is that participants trained using HEROS 4.0 will achieve comparable CPR quality to those trained using traditional methods, while benefiting from enhanced immersion, scalability, and accessibility.
<Participants> A total of 120 adults aged 18-50 years who have not received CPR training within the previous 12 months will be recruited. Participants will be assigned to one of two clusters and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the HEROS 4.0 MR training group or the conventional CPR training group.
<Intervention \& Control>
Participants will undergo CPR training according to their assigned group:
Intervention group (HEROS 4.0):
Participants will receive a two-stage CPR training program consisting of pre-training and on-site MR-based training. As pre-training, participants will be instructed to watch a 40-minute instructional video (conventional CPR training group video) at home prior to their visit. After completing the pre-training, participants will undergo 20 minutes of MR-based CPR training using the HEROS 4.0 system in a dedicated CPR training booth.
Control group (Conventional CPR training):
Participants will receive 60 minutes of standard CPR education delivered through instructional videos and in-person instructor guidance, reflecting current community CPR training practice.
<Outcomes> Immediately after training, all participants will undergo a standardized cardiac arrest simulation using a CPR quality-measurement manikin. This simulation will assess objective CPR performance metrics as well as subjective outcomes through questionnaires.
To evaluate knowledge retention and skill durability, all assessments will be repeated 6 months after training using the same simulation scenario and outcome measures.
The primary outcome is chest compression fraction measured during the standardized simulated cardiac arrest scenario.
Secondary outcomes include quantitative measures of CPR quality and participant-reported outcomes based on survey.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| HEROS 4.0 | Experimental | Other: HEROS 4.0Participants will receive a two-stage CPR training program consisting of pre-training and on-site MR-based training. As pre-training, participants will be instructed to watch a 40-minute instructional video (conventional CPR training group video) at home prior to their visit. After completing the pre-training, participants will undergo 20 minutes of MR-based CPR training using the HEROS 4.0 system in a dedicated CPR training booth. |
| Conventional CPR training | Active comparator | Other: Conventional CPR trainingParticipants will receive 60 minutes of standard CPR education delivered through instructional videos and in-person instructor guidance, reflecting current community CPR training practice. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Adults aged 18-50 years who have not received CPR training within the previous 12 months.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Healthcare professionals
- Individuals unable to safely tolerate MR equipment (e.g. motion sickness)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| HEROS 4.0Participants will receive a two-stage CPR training program consisting of pre-training and on-site MR-based training. As pre-training, participants will be instructed to watch a 40-minute instructional video (conventional CPR training group video) at home prior to their visit. After completing the pre-training, participants will undergo 20 minutes of MR-based CPR training using the HEROS 4.0 system in a dedicated CPR training booth. The MR-based CPR training content consists of cardiac arrest recognition, calling emergency medical services, chest compressions, and use of an automated external defibrillator, while minimizing interruptions in chest compressions. | Other | HEROS 4.0 |
| Conventional CPR trainingParticipants will receive 60 minutes of standard CPR education delivered through instructional videos and in-person instructor guidance, reflecting current community CPR training practice. | Other | Conventional CPR training |
Primary outcome
Chest compression fraction
Time frame: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow-up.
Chest compression fraction (CCF) is defined as the proportion of total resuscitation time during which chest compressions are actively delivered. Chest compression quality metrics including CCF will be measured during a standardized cardiac arrest simulation using a CPR quality-measurement manikin.
7 secondary outcomes
Mean chest compression depth
Time frame: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
Mean chest compression rate
Time frame: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
Proportion of compressions with adequate depth
Time frame: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
Proportion of compressions with adequate rate
Time frame: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
Overall basic life support performance
Time frame: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow up.
CPR self-efficacy
Time frame: (1) Before training, (2) immediately after training and (3) at 6-month follow-up.
System Usability Scale
Time frame: Immediately after training
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Apr 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)
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The REVIVE-PEEP Trial: Positive End-expiratory Pressure Versus Sham Valve/Zero End-expiratory Pressure in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Manual Ventilation to Improve Neurological Outcomes at Discharge in Adult Patients Suffering an Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest
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Active, not recruiting
RACE-CARS - RAndomized Cluster Evaluation of Cardiac ARrest Systems
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RecruitingObservational study
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Sang Do Shin, MD, PhD study chair
Seoul National University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing HEROS 4.0 and Conventional CPR training in people with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Basic Life Support Training Course, run by Seoul National University Hospital at 1 site in South Korea.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in South Korea. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Dong Hyun Choi, MD, PhD (82-2-2072-4646, donghyun369@naver.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Chest compression fraction (time frame: (1) Immediately after training and (2) at 6-month follow-up.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Apr 2026.