Dyspnea During PregnancyNCT07365163
Breathing Exercises Versus Incentive Spirometry in Third-Trimester Pregnancy
A study testing Deep Breathing Exercises and Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry in people with Dyspnea During Pregnancy and Physiological Changes in Pregnancy, run by University of Lahore at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is commonly experienced during the third trimester of pregnancy due to physiological changes affecting the respiratory system. Non-pharmacological breathing interventions are often recommended to improve breathing comfort and functional capacity in pregnant women. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dyspnea During Pregnancy, Physiological Changes in Pregnancy, Reduced Functional Endurance
- What is being tested?
- Deep Breathing Exercises and Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 5 Apr 2025to 8 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- - Participants aged between 18 and 40 years
- Blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg
- Not pregnant
- Primigravida women
- Participants in the third trimester of pregnancy
- Able to understand and follow instructions
- Willing to participate and provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- - History of cardiovascular disorders
- History of respiratory disorders
- History of psychological disorders
- History of medical or surgical conditions involving the nose, throat, diaphragm, or lungs
- Any condition that could interfere with participation in breathing exercises or spirometry
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Lahore
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Deep Breathing Exercises and Volume-oriented Incentive Spirometry on Dyspnea, Functional Endurance, and Pulmonary Function During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is commonly experienced during the third trimester of pregnancy due to physiological changes affecting the respiratory system. Non-pharmacological breathing interventions are often recommended to improve breathing comfort and functional capacity in pregnant women.
This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of deep breathing exercises and volume-oriented incentive spirometry on dyspnea, functional endurance, and pulmonary function in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups. One group performed supervised deep breathing exercises, while the other group performed volume-oriented incentive spirometry exercises.
Outcomes were measured before and after the intervention period and included the severity of dyspnea, functional endurance, and pulmonary function parameters. The results of this study aim to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of simple, safe, and non-invasive breathing interventions for improving respiratory outcomes during late pregnancy.
Read the detailed description
This study was a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate and compare the effects of two non-pharmacological respiratory interventions in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Physiological changes during pregnancy, such as diaphragmatic elevation and increased oxygen demand, can contribute to dyspnea and reduced functional endurance. Safe and effective breathing interventions may help alleviate these symptoms without pharmacological risk.
Eligible pregnant women in their third trimester who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and randomly allocated into two intervention groups using a randomization method. Participants in Group A received a structured deep breathing exercise program, which focused on slow, controlled inhalation and exhalation techniques performed under supervision. Participants in Group B received volume-oriented incentive spirometry training, which encouraged sustained maximal inspiration using a standard incentive spirometer device.
Both interventions were administered according to a predefined protocol over the study period. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after completion of the intervention period. Primary outcomes included the assessment of dyspnea severity. Secondary outcomes included measures of functional endurance and pulmonary function.
The study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and received approval from the institutional ethics review committee. All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. The findings of this study are intended to contribute to evidence-based physical therapy practice by identifying effective, low-risk breathing interventions for managing dyspnea and improving respiratory function during the third trimester of pregnancy.
- Conditions
- Dyspnea During Pregnancy, Physiological Changes in Pregnancy, Reduced Functional Endurance
- Being tested
- Deep Breathing Exercises, Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry
- Keywords
- Physical Therapy, Deep Breathing Exercises, Incentive Spirometry, Pregnancy, Third Trimester, Dyspnea
- Medical subject headings
- Dyspnea
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Deep Breathing ExercisesOther
Deep breathing exercises focused on diaphragmatic breathing with slow, deep inhalation followed by controlled exhalation. The exercises were performed according to a standardized protocol under supervision.
Volume-Oriented Incentive SpirometryDevice
Volume-oriented incentive spirometry involved slow, sustained maximal inspiration using an incentive spirometer device to encourage lung expansion and improve respiratory function, performed under supervision according to protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Breathing Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants assigned to this arm performed a structured deep breathing exercise program consisting of slow, controlled inhalation and exhalation techniques under supervision during the intervention period. Receives: Other: Deep Breathing Exercises |
| Incentive Spirometry Group | Experimental | Participants assigned to this arm performed volume-oriented incentive spirometry exercises using a standard incentive spirometer according to a predefined protocol during the intervention period. Receives: Device: Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Functional Endurance
Functional endurance was assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), which measures the total distance walked by a participant on a flat surface over six minutes. The outcome is reported in meters, with higher values indicating better functional endurance. The minimum possible value is 0 meters, and there is no predefined maximum value.
Measured: Baseline and at the end of the intervention period (approximately 6 weeks)
Secondary outcomes (2)
Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV₁)
Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry by measuring Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV₁). FEV₁ is reported in liters, with higher values indicating better pulmonary function.
Measured: Baseline and at the end of the intervention period (approximately 6 weeks)
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry by measuring Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). FVC is reported in liters, with higher values indicating better pulmonary function.
Measured: Baseline and at the end of the intervention period (approximately 6 weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jan 2026
- Study start5 Apr 2025
- Primary completion5 Jul 2025
- Study completion8 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (26)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Dyspnea During PregnancyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel intervention groups: a deep breathing exercise group or a volume-oriented incentive spirometry group.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Lahore
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Lahore Hospital (ULH)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Adnan Hashim, University of Lahore
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07365163
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PHRI/IREB/26/01/0023
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 4 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 26 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared because this study was conducted as a university-based academic research project with data collected for thesis purposes. The informed consent obtained from participants did not include provisions for public data sharing, and the dataset contains sensitive personal health information. Data will be stored securely at the institution and used only for academic and research purposes in accordance with institutional ethics approval.
Publications
ZAHRA, M. S., SHIMAA, T. T., YOUSSEF, M. S., & EMAD, M. T. (2021). Effect of Deep Breathing on Functional Capacity among Healthcare Workers Wearing FFP2/N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators. The Medical Journal of Cairo University, 89(September), 1699-1706.
Yüksel, F., Guzel, N. A., Taspinar, B., & Balaban, A. (2020). Relationship between trunk muscle endurance, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength in healthy individuals. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 31(3), 255-262.
Villarta Jr, R. L., & Asaad, A. S. (2014). Sample Size Determination in an Epidemiologic Study using the EpiTools Web-Based Calculator. Acta Medica Philippina, 48(1).
Siraj, S., Israr, S., Jamshed, K., & Tahir, L. (2022). Incidence and Causes of Dyspnea in Pregnant Women: Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital. Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine, 28(4), 420-425.
Shetty N, Samuel SR, Alaparthi GK, Amaravadi SK, Joshua AM, Pai S. Comparison of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises, Volume, and Flow-Oriented Incentive Spirometry on Respiratory Function in Stroke Subjects: A Non-randomized Study. Ann Neurosci. 2020 Jul;27(3-4):232-241. doi: 10.1177/0972753121990193. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
PubMed 34556964Sewa, D. W., & Ong, T. H. (2014). Pulmonary function test: spirometry. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 23(1), 57-64.
Rufaida, Z., Istiqomah, R., & Lestari, S. W. P. (2023). EFFECT OF DEEP BREATH RELAXATION ON THE ANXIETY AMONG THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN IN MOJOKERTO DISTRICT, INDONESIA: A QUASI EXPERIMENT. Journal of Community Mental Health and Public Policy, 6(1), 41-47.
Rafea, A., Wagih, K., Amin, H., El-Sabagh, R., & Yousef, S. (2009). Flow-oriented incentive spirometer versus volume-oriented spirometer training on pulmonary ventilation after upper abdominal surgery. Egyptian Journal of Bronchology, 3(2), 110-118.
Pellegrim, C. (2022). Dyspnea, Level of Physical Activity and Social and Emotional Factors in Pregnant Women in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal)].
Moore, Y., Shotton, E., Brown, R., Gremmel, J., Lindsey, S., & Pankey, J. (2018). Effects of incentive spirometry on perceived dyspnea in patients hospitalized with pneumonia. MedSurg Nursing, 27(1), 19-37.
Kumar AS, Alaparthi GK, Augustine AJ, Pazhyaottayil ZC, Ramakrishna A, Krishnakumar SK. Comparison of Flow and Volume Incentive Spirometry on Pulmonary Function and Exercise Tolerance in Open Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Jan;10(1):KC01-6. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16164.7064. Epub 2016 Jan 1.
PubMed 26894090Hamilton DM, Haennel RG. Validity and reliability of the 6-minute walk test in a cardiac rehabilitation population. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2000 May-Jun;20(3):156-64. doi: 10.1097/00008483-200005000-00003.
PubMed 10860197Gosselink R. Controlled breathing and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). J Rehabil Res Dev. 2003 Sep-Oct;40(5 Suppl 2):25-33. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2003.10.0025.
PubMed 15074451Gartner-Schmidt JL, Shembel AC, Zullo TG, Rosen CA. Development and validation of the Dyspnea Index (DI): a severity index for upper airway-related dyspnea. J Voice. 2014 Nov;28(6):775-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.12.017. Epub 2014 Oct 12.
PubMed 25311596Felton M, Hundley VA, Grigsby S, McConnell AK. Effects of slow and deep breathing on reducing obstetric intervention in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension: a feasibility study protocol. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2021 Feb;40(1):81-87. doi: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1869250. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
PubMed 33463384
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Deep Breathing Exercises and Volume-oriented Incentive Spirometry on Dyspnea, Functional Endurance, and Pulmonary Function During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07365163
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PHRI/IREB/26/01/0023
- Conditions
- Dyspnea During Pregnancy, Physiological Changes in Pregnancy, Reduced Functional Endurance
- Keywords
- Physical Therapy, Deep Breathing Exercises, Incentive Spirometry, Pregnancy, Third Trimester, Dyspnea
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of LahoreUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Lahore Hospital (ULH)
- Study start
- 5 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 8 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is commonly experienced during the third trimester of pregnancy due to physiological changes affecting the respiratory system. Non-pharmacological breathing interventions are often recommended to improve breathing comfort and functional capacity in pregnant women.
This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of deep breathing exercises and volume-oriented incentive spirometry on dyspnea, functional endurance, and pulmonary function in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups. One group performed supervised deep breathing exercises, while the other group performed volume-oriented incentive spirometry exercises.
Outcomes were measured before and after the intervention period and included the severity of dyspnea, functional endurance, and pulmonary function parameters. The results of this study aim to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of simple, safe, and non-invasive breathing interventions for improving respiratory outcomes during late pregnancy.
Detailed description
This study was a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate and compare the effects of two non-pharmacological respiratory interventions in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Physiological changes during pregnancy, such as diaphragmatic elevation and increased oxygen demand, can contribute to dyspnea and reduced functional endurance. Safe and effective breathing interventions may help alleviate these symptoms without pharmacological risk.
Eligible pregnant women in their third trimester who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and randomly allocated into two intervention groups using a randomization method. Participants in Group A received a structured deep breathing exercise program, which focused on slow, controlled inhalation and exhalation techniques performed under supervision. Participants in Group B received volume-oriented incentive spirometry training, which encouraged sustained maximal inspiration using a standard incentive spirometer device.
Both interventions were administered according to a predefined protocol over the study period. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after completion of the intervention period. Primary outcomes included the assessment of dyspnea severity. Secondary outcomes included measures of functional endurance and pulmonary function.
The study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and received approval from the institutional ethics review committee. All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. The findings of this study are intended to contribute to evidence-based physical therapy practice by identifying effective, low-risk breathing interventions for managing dyspnea and improving respiratory function during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel intervention groups: a deep breathing exercise group or a volume-oriented incentive spirometry group.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Breathing Exercise Group | Experimental | Other: Deep Breathing ExercisesParticipants assigned to this arm performed a structured deep breathing exercise program consisting of slow, controlled inhalation and exhalation techniques under supervision during the intervention period. |
| Incentive Spirometry Group | Experimental | Device: Volume-Oriented Incentive SpirometryParticipants assigned to this arm performed volume-oriented incentive spirometry exercises using a standard incentive spirometer according to a predefined protocol during the intervention period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- - Participants aged between 18 and 40 years
- Blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg
- Not pregnant
- Primigravida women
- Participants in the third trimester of pregnancy
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- - History of cardiovascular disorders
- History of respiratory disorders
- History of psychological disorders
- History of medical or surgical conditions involving the nose, throat, diaphragm, or lungs
- Any condition that could interfere with participation in breathing exercises or spirometry
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Breathing ExercisesDeep breathing exercises focused on diaphragmatic breathing with slow, deep inhalation followed by controlled exhalation. The exercises were performed according to a standardized protocol under supervision. | Other | Deep Breathing Exercise Group |
| Volume-Oriented Incentive SpirometryVolume-oriented incentive spirometry involved slow, sustained maximal inspiration using an incentive spirometer device to encourage lung expansion and improve respiratory function, performed under supervision according to protocol. | Device | Incentive Spirometry Group |
Primary outcome
Functional Endurance
Time frame: Baseline and at the end of the intervention period (approximately 6 weeks)
Functional endurance was assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), which measures the total distance walked by a participant on a flat surface over six minutes. The outcome is reported in meters, with higher values indicating better functional endurance. The minimum possible value is 0 meters, and there is no predefined maximum value.
2 secondary outcomes
Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV₁)
Time frame: Baseline and at the end of the intervention period (approximately 6 weeks)
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Time frame: Baseline and at the end of the intervention period (approximately 6 weeks)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Jan 2026.
- BackgroundZAHRA, M. S., SHIMAA, T. T., YOUSSEF, M. S., & EMAD, M. T. (2021). Effect of Deep Breathing on Functional Capacity among Healthcare Workers Wearing FFP2/N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators. The Medical Journal of Cairo University, 89(September), 1699-1706.
- BackgroundYüksel, F., Guzel, N. A., Taspinar, B., & Balaban, A. (2020). Relationship between trunk muscle endurance, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength in healthy individuals. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 31(3), 255-262.
- BackgroundVillarta Jr, R. L., & Asaad, A. S. (2014). Sample Size Determination in an Epidemiologic Study using the EpiTools Web-Based Calculator. Acta Medica Philippina, 48(1).
- BackgroundSiraj, S., Israr, S., Jamshed, K., & Tahir, L. (2022). Incidence and Causes of Dyspnea in Pregnant Women: Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital. Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine, 28(4), 420-425.
- Background: PubMed 34556964Shetty N, Samuel SR, Alaparthi GK, Amaravadi SK, Joshua AM, Pai S. Comparison of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises, Volume, and Flow-Oriented Incentive Spirometry on Respiratory Function in Stroke Subjects: A Non-randomized Study. Ann Neurosci. 2020 Jul;27(3-4):232-241. doi: 10.1177/0972753121990193. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
- BackgroundSewa, D. W., & Ong, T. H. (2014). Pulmonary function test: spirometry. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 23(1), 57-64.
- BackgroundRufaida, Z., Istiqomah, R., & Lestari, S. W. P. (2023). EFFECT OF DEEP BREATH RELAXATION ON THE ANXIETY AMONG THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN IN MOJOKERTO DISTRICT, INDONESIA: A QUASI EXPERIMENT. Journal of Community Mental Health and Public Policy, 6(1), 41-47.
- BackgroundRafea, A., Wagih, K., Amin, H., El-Sabagh, R., & Yousef, S. (2009). Flow-oriented incentive spirometer versus volume-oriented spirometer training on pulmonary ventilation after upper abdominal surgery. Egyptian Journal of Bronchology, 3(2), 110-118.
- BackgroundPellegrim, C. (2022). Dyspnea, Level of Physical Activity and Social and Emotional Factors in Pregnant Women in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal)].
- BackgroundMoore, Y., Shotton, E., Brown, R., Gremmel, J., Lindsey, S., & Pankey, J. (2018). Effects of incentive spirometry on perceived dyspnea in patients hospitalized with pneumonia. MedSurg Nursing, 27(1), 19-37.
- Background: PubMed 26894090Kumar AS, Alaparthi GK, Augustine AJ, Pazhyaottayil ZC, Ramakrishna A, Krishnakumar SK. Comparison of Flow and Volume Incentive Spirometry on Pulmonary Function and Exercise Tolerance in Open Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Jan;10(1):KC01-6. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16164.7064. Epub 2016 Jan 1.
- Background: PubMed 10860197Hamilton DM, Haennel RG. Validity and reliability of the 6-minute walk test in a cardiac rehabilitation population. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2000 May-Jun;20(3):156-64. doi: 10.1097/00008483-200005000-00003.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared because this study was conducted as a university-based academic research project with data collected for thesis purposes. The informed consent obtained from participants did not include provisions for public data sharing, and the dataset contains sensitive personal health information. Data will be stored securely at the institution and used only for academic and research purposes in accordance with institutional ethics approval.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Deep Breathing Exercises and Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometry in people with Dyspnea During Pregnancy and Physiological Changes in Pregnancy, run by University of Lahore at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Functional Endurance (time frame: Baseline and at the end of the intervention period (approximately 6 weeks)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07365163, which also lists 26 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Jan 2026.