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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Interdiab 1NCT07365176

High-intensity Interval Exercise Compared With Continuous Moderate Exercise on Glycemia in Postabsorptive vs. Postprandial State in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

A study testing High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase, High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase and Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, run by Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale at 1 site in France.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This randomized crossover trial examined whether exercise modality (high-intensity interval exercise vs. moderate-intensity continuous exercise) and timing relative to meals (postprandial vs. postabsorptive) influence glycemic responses in physically active adults with type 1 diabetes. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 60 years
Conditions the study is for
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
What is being tested?
High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase, High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase and Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
21 participants
Where
1 siteFrance
Study dates
8 Feb 2023to 9 May 2025
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 60 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Between 18 and 60 years of age
  • Regular practice of physical activity (at least 2 training sessions/week for at least 3 months)
  • Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for >1 year
  • No change in insulin delivery method (i.e., multiple daily injections [MDI], continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII] in open or closed loop) over the previous 3 months
  • Use of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device in daily life

Who cannot join

  • Diabetes-related complications except for background retinopathy

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

France1 site
  • Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS - ULR 7369)

    Loos, 59120

Other trials in France

About this study

Official title: The Protective Role of High-intensity Interval Exercise Compared With Continuous Moderate Exercise on Glycemia Decrease is More Relevant in Postabsorptive vs. Postprandial State in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

This randomized crossover trial examined whether exercise modality (high-intensity interval exercise vs. moderate-intensity continuous exercise) and timing relative to meals (postprandial vs. postabsorptive) influence glycemic responses in physically active adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants completed four cycling sessions matched for total mechanical load, and glucose levels were monitored during exercise and for 24 hours afterward while accounting for dietary intake and insulin administration. The study hypothesized that glycemic responses differ according to both exercise type and prandial state.

Read the detailed description

Participants were tested at the laboratory during one inclusion visit followed by 4 intervention visits separated by at least 48 hours and 4 weeks maximum. During the inclusion visit, participants completed the YMCA submaximal cycle-ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.) test to estimate maximal aerobic power (MAP), which was then used to determine subsequent exercise workloads. The test started at 25 W (50 rpm), with increasing power outputs derived from the first-stage heart-rate response. The 3-min stages continued until steady-state heart rate achieved 85% of maximal heart rate minus 10 bpm, with a 1-min extension if heart rate varied by >5 beats·min-¹ between minutes 2 and 3. Participants completed questionnaires about physical activity levels, barriers to physical activity, quality-of-life and hypoglycemia awareness. The next four experimental visits in randomized order consisted of the two aerobic exercises (i.e. high-intensity interval exercise, HIIE and moderate-intensity continuous exercise, CONT), each performed under two different prandial conditions, postprandial (PP) and postabsorptive (PA) state. A triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph, wGT3X-BT, 30 Hz, epoch set at 60 sec) was worn on the hip from wake-up until bedtime for the day before, during and after each experimental visit. Participants were also asked to record the time, type and amount of food consumed, with the option of photographing meals, as well as in case of multiple daily injection doses/timing of insulin (rapid- and long-acting), the 24 hours before, during and after each visit. Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.) and were matched for total mechanical load and total duration. Both exercises began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of MAP and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of MAP. The HIIE protocol consisted of ten 1-min intervals at 100% of MAP, each interspersed with 1-min of passive recovery. The CONT protocol consisted of continuous exercise at 50% of MAP for 20 minutes. For the postprandial state, exercise began 1.5 hours after the start of lunch and the corresponding meal-related bolus/rapid-acting insulin, (i.e., in the early afternoon). For the postabsorptive state, exercise began 5 hours after the start of lunch, (i.e., in the late afternoon). Participants were instructed to follow their habitual pre-exercise routine and to replicate, as closely as possible, the same lunch and dinner on the days of the experimental visits. The measurements included: oxygen uptake, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, muscle vasoreactivity during exercise; capillary glycaemia and lactataemia at several time points during exercise; continuous glucose monitoring data from the personal (used in daily life) device of the participants.

Being tested
High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase, High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase, Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase, Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase
Keywords
Blood glucose, Exercise, Hypoglycemia
Medical subject headings
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Motor Activity, Hypoglycemia

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phaseOther

    Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.). Exercise began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP) and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of MAP. The high-intensity interval exercise protocol consisted of ten 1-min intervals at 100% of MAP, each interspersed with 1-min of passive recovery. For the postprandial state, exercise began 1.5 hours after the start of lunch and the corresponding meal-related bolus/rapid-acting insulin (i.e., in the early afternoon).

  • High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phaseOther

    Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.). Exercise began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP) and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of MAP. The high-intensity interval exercise protocol consisted of ten 1-min intervals at 100% of MAP, each interspersed with 1-min of passive recovery. For the postabsorptive state, exercise began 5 hours after the start of lunch (i.e., in the late afternoon).

  • Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phaseOther

    Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.). Exercise began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP) and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of MAP. The moderate-intensity continuous exercise protocol consisted of continuous exercise at 50% of MAP for 20 minutes. For the postprandial state, exercise began 1.5 hours after the start of lunch and the corresponding meal-related bolus/rapid-acting insulin (i.e., in the early afternoon).

  • Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phaseOther

    Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.). Exercise began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of MAP and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP). The CONT protocol consisted of continuous exercise at 50% of MAP for 20 minutes. For the postabsorptive state, exercise began 5 hours after the start of lunch (i.e., in the late afternoon).

Study groups in NCT07365176
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
A/B/C/DExperimentalA= High-intensity interval exercise in postabsorptive phase B= High-intensity interval exercise in postprandial phase C= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postabsorptive phase D= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postprandial phase
Receives: Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase
B/C/D/AExperimentalA= High-intensity interval exercise in postabsorptive phase B= High-intensity interval exercise in postprandial phase C= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postabsorptive phase D= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postprandial phase
Receives: Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase
C/D/A/BExperimentalA= High-intensity interval exercise in postabsorptive phase B= High-intensity interval exercise in postprandial phase C= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postabsorptive phase D= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postprandial phase
Receives: Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase
D/A/B/CExperimentalA= High-intensity interval exercise in postabsorptive phase B= High-intensity interval exercise in postprandial phase C= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postabsorptive phase D= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postprandial phase
Receives: Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Capillary glycemia

    Blood glucose meter

    Measured: At rest before exercise, then at 10 and 20 min of exercise, at 2 min of active recovery post-exercise, and at 10 min of passive recovery post-exercise.

Secondary outcomes (7)
  1. Interstitial glucose

    Continuous Glucose Monitoring system used by the participant in daily life

    Measured: The 24 hours before and the 24 hours after each visit

  2. Capillary blood lactate

    Measured using the Lactate Scout device.

    Measured: At rest before exercise, then at 10 and 20 min of exercise, at 2 min of active recovery post-exercise, and at 10 min of passive recovery post-exercise.

  3. Oxygen consumption

    Measured with a mask and a Vynthus CPX, Vyaire Medical

    Measured: During a 5-min rest before exercise, a 3-min warm-up, 20-min of exercise, a 2-min active recovery post-exercise, and a 10-min passive recovery post-exercise.

  4. Rate of Perveived Exertion

    Rate of Perveived Exertion from the Borg Scale (6 to 20 scale)

    Measured: At rest before the exercise, and then at 5-min, 10-min, 15-min and 20-min of exercise, at 2-min active recovery post-exercise and at 5 and 10-min passive recovery post-exercise.

  5. Variation of muscle blood volume.

    Measured with Near infrared spectroscopy (Artinis, PortaLite)

    Measured: During a 5-min rest before exercise, a 3-min warm-up, 20-min of exercise, a 2-min active recovery post-exercise, and a 5-min passive recovery post-exercise.

  6. Heart rate

    Measured with Polar V800.

    Measured: During a 5-min rest before exercise, a 3-min warm-up, 20-min of exercise, a 2-min active recovery post-exercise, and a 10-min passive recovery post-exercise.

  7. Perceived pleasure

    Physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) 18 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale.

    Measured: At the end of 10-min passive recovery post-exercise.

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted26 Jan 2026
  2. Study start8 Feb 2023
  3. Primary completion17 Jan 2025
  4. Study completion9 May 2025

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
21 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07365176
Sponsor's protocol ID
IRB00012476-2023-08-02-225
Acronym
Interdiab 1
Status last verified
Jan 2026
First submitted
28 Dec 2025
Last updated
26 Jan 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: The investigators will share on http://recherche.data.gouv.fr all anonymized data presented in the publication of the results

Publications

  • Melin A, Lespagnol E, Combes A, Berthoin S, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Savina Y, Tagougui S, Bautin N, Baudoux F, Descatoire A, Vambergue A, Heyman E. The protective effect of high-intensity interval exercise compared with continuous moderate exercise on glycaemic decline is more pronounced in the postabsorptive vs postprandial state in adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover trial. Diabetologia. 2026 Sep;69(9):2408-2420. doi: 10.1007/s00125-026-06760-z. Epub 2026 Jun 9.

    PubMed 42262529

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase, High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase and Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, run by Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale at 1 site in France.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in France. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Capillary glycemia (time frame: At rest before exercise, then at 10 and 20 min of exercise, at 2 min of active recovery post-exercise, and at 10 min of passive recovery post-exercise.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07365176, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Jan 2026.

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Interdiab 1 Clinical Trial NCT07365176 | AzTrials