Psychiatric NursingNCT07365943
The Effect of Forgiveness-based Motivational Interviewing
A study testing forgiveness-based motivational interviewing in people with Psychiatric Nursing and Psychoeducation, run by Ömer USLU at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aimed to examine the effect of forgiveness-based motivational interviewing on death anxiety, life satisfaction, and forgiveness disposition in patients with COPD. A randomized controlled experimental design with pretest, posttest, and one-month follow-up measurements was employed. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 75 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Psychiatric Nursing, Psychoeducation, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
- What is being tested?
- forgiveness-based motivational interviewing
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2024to 30 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- They must be 18 years of age or older,
- Possess sufficient mental capacity and communication skills to follow the study guidelines, be literate,
- Have a diagnosis of COPD,
- Have been hospitalized in the pulmonary diseases unit between June and September 2024.
Who cannot join
- Determined having communication barriers due to disease symptoms,
- Experiencing dyspnea at a level that prevents cooperation
- Having a chronic psychiatric disorder that would interfere with participation in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Bergama Necla Mithat Öztüre State Hospital
Izmir, Bergama, 35700
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Forgiveness-based Motivational Interviewing on Death Anxiety, Life Satisfaction, and Forgiveness Disposition in Patients With COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aimed to examine the effect of forgiveness-based motivational interviewing on death anxiety, life satisfaction, and forgiveness disposition in patients with COPD. A randomized controlled experimental design with pretest, posttest, and one-month follow-up measurements was employed. The study sample consisted of 30 patients (experimental group: 15; control group: 15). The experimental group received forgiveness-based motivational interviewing, whereas no intervention was provided to the control group. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Death Anxiety Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Forgiveness Scale. The findings revealed that, in the posttest and follow-up measurements, the experimental group had significantly lower mean scores on the Death Anxiety Scale compared to the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher mean scores on the Life Satisfaction Scale and the Forgiveness Scale in the posttest and follow-up measurements than the control group (p<0.05). This study concluded that forgiveness-based motivational interviewing effectively reduces death anxiety while enhancing life satisfaction and forgiveness disposition in patients with COPD. Therefore, implementing motivational interviewing for patients is recommended.
Read the detailed description
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global chronic respiratory disease that arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, predominantly due to smoking and air pollution.As the disease progresses, symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, and sputum production emerge, leading to several complications, including fatigue, insomnia, social withdrawal, and anxiety. The persistent presence of these symptoms can result in intense death anxiety among COPD patients. Studies on COPD patients in the literature suggest that the prolonged duration of the disease, continuous medication use, and the burden of disease-related symptoms negatively impact their quality of life, ultimately reducing their life satisfaction. This decline in life satisfaction can, in turn, give rise to a diminished sense of hope for the future and an escalation in death anxiety. Moreover, COPD patients frequently encounter emotional distress during treatment and care, undergo a critical reassessment of their past lives, and grapple with feelings of guilt and regret. The management of these emotions can be arduous. In this context, the concept of forgiveness emerges as a potential mitigating factor for the adverse emotional effects of the disease. Forgiveness is not about denying the pain and consequences of a distressing experience but rather an effort to replace feelings of anger, resentment, and bitterness with compassion, empathy, and kindness. To date, no studies have specifically examined forgiveness training for COPD patients; however, previous research indicates that motivational interviewing has positive effects on various patient populations. Motivation can be defined as an internal state influenced by external factors. Motivational interviewing is a client-centred and encouraging approach that helps individuals explore and resolve ambivalence to facilitate behaviour change. Motivational interviewing not only supports behavioural and lifestyle changes in patients but also enhances their adherence to treatment. Beyond the necessity of treating physical symptoms in individuals with chronic diseases like COPD, the need for psychological support underscores the importance of consultation-liaison psychiatry. Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) nurses do not merely provide care services; they also assume advisory and educational roles by conducting individual or group psychoeducation sessions. CLP nurses should support patients in expressing emotions such as anger, guilt, sadness, and regret, strengthen their coping mechanisms, mobilise effective support systems, and increase awareness of the impact of these emotions on their lives. In consideration of the role of CLP nurses, it can be posited that forgiveness-based motivational interviewing for COPD patients may prove efficacious in reducing death anxiety, increasing life satisfaction, and enhancing forgiveness tendencies, while concomitantly addressing their need for care, education, and counselling.
- Conditions
- Psychiatric Nursing, Psychoeducation, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), Forgiveness
- Being tested
- forgiveness-based motivational interviewing, Control
- Keywords
- Death anxiety, forgiveness, life satisfaction, COPD, motivational interviewing
- Medical subject headings
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Necrophobia, Personal Satisfaction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
forgiveness-based motivational interviewingOther
The forgiveness-based motivational interviewing was administered face-to-face, with each session lasting 40-60 minutes, scheduled twice a week over a three-week period (a total of six sessions).
ControlOther
no intervention was performed in the control group
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| forgiveness-based motivational interviewing | Experimental | Participants will receive an 6-session forgiveness-based motivational interviewing Receives: Other: forgiveness-based motivational interviewing; Other: Control |
| Control | No intervention | Throughout the study, the forgiveness-based motivational interviewing was applied only to the experimental group, and no intervention was performed in the control group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Death Anxiety Scale
The scale is a unidimensional, dichotomous Likert-type instrument consisting of 15 items that assess an individual's anxiety related to their own death and the risk of dying. Each item is answered as "yes" or "no," where a "yes" response for the first nine items and a "no" response for the remaining six items receive one point. The total score ranges from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater death anxiety.
Measured: Baseline (pretest), 3 weeks (posttest) and one month after the posttest
Secondary outcomes (1)
Forgiveness scale
Forgiveness Scale, developed by Ersanlı and Batık, designed to measure individuals' levels of self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others. The scale is scored from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree," with higher scores indicating higher levels of forgiveness.
Measured: Baseline (pretest), 3 weeks (posttest) and one month after the posttest
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Jun 2024
- Primary completion27 Sep 2024
- Study completion30 Sep 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Psychiatric NursingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study used a pretest-posttest-follow-up randomised controlled experimental method. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (forgiveness based motivational interviewing) or the control group with no intervention.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ömer USLU
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Ömer USLU, Aydin Adnan Menderes University
- Investigators
- Merve Şahin, PhD, RN, Principal investigator, Bergama Necla Mithat Öztüre State Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07365943
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- MERVE-RCT-2025-COPD
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 26 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) from this study will not be shared due to ethical and institutional restrictions. The dataset includes sensitive health information from postpartum women, and the informed consent process did not include permission for public data sharing. Therefore, in accordance with privacy regulations and ethical committee requirements, IPD will not be made available to other researchers
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Forgiveness-based Motivational Interviewing on Death Anxiety, Life Satisfaction, and Forgiveness Disposition in Patients With COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07365943
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MERVE-RCT-2025-COPD
- Conditions
- Psychiatric Nursing, Psychoeducation, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), Forgiveness
- Keywords
- Death anxiety, forgiveness, life satisfaction, COPD, motivational interviewing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ömer USLUUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to examine the effect of forgiveness-based motivational interviewing on death anxiety, life satisfaction, and forgiveness disposition in patients with COPD. A randomized controlled experimental design with pretest, posttest, and one-month follow-up measurements was employed. The study sample consisted of 30 patients (experimental group: 15; control group: 15). The experimental group received forgiveness-based motivational interviewing, whereas no intervention was provided to the control group. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Death Anxiety Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Forgiveness Scale. The findings revealed that, in the posttest and follow-up measurements, the experimental group had significantly lower mean scores on the Death Anxiety Scale compared to the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher mean scores on the Life Satisfaction Scale and the Forgiveness Scale in the posttest and follow-up measurements than the control group (p<0.05). This study concluded that forgiveness-based motivational interviewing effectively reduces death anxiety while enhancing life satisfaction and forgiveness disposition in patients with COPD. Therefore, implementing motivational interviewing for patients is recommended.
Detailed description
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global chronic respiratory disease that arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, predominantly due to smoking and air pollution.As the disease progresses, symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, and sputum production emerge, leading to several complications, including fatigue, insomnia, social withdrawal, and anxiety. The persistent presence of these symptoms can result in intense death anxiety among COPD patients. Studies on COPD patients in the literature suggest that the prolonged duration of the disease, continuous medication use, and the burden of disease-related symptoms negatively impact their quality of life, ultimately reducing their life satisfaction. This decline in life satisfaction can, in turn, give rise to a diminished sense of hope for the future and an escalation in death anxiety. Moreover, COPD patients frequently encounter emotional distress during treatment and care, undergo a critical reassessment of their past lives, and grapple with feelings of guilt and regret. The management of these emotions can be arduous. In this context, the concept of forgiveness emerges as a potential mitigating factor for the adverse emotional effects of the disease. Forgiveness is not about denying the pain and consequences of a distressing experience but rather an effort to replace feelings of anger, resentment, and bitterness with compassion, empathy, and kindness. To date, no studies have specifically examined forgiveness training for COPD patients; however, previous research indicates that motivational interviewing has positive effects on various patient populations. Motivation can be defined as an internal state influenced by external factors. Motivational interviewing is a client-centred and encouraging approach that helps individuals explore and resolve ambivalence to facilitate behaviour change. Motivational interviewing not only supports behavioural and lifestyle changes in patients but also enhances their adherence to treatment. Beyond the necessity of treating physical symptoms in individuals with chronic diseases like COPD, the need for psychological support underscores the importance of consultation-liaison psychiatry. Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) nurses do not merely provide care services; they also assume advisory and educational roles by conducting individual or group psychoeducation sessions. CLP nurses should support patients in expressing emotions such as anger, guilt, sadness, and regret, strengthen their coping mechanisms, mobilise effective support systems, and increase awareness of the impact of these emotions on their lives. In consideration of the role of CLP nurses, it can be posited that forgiveness-based motivational interviewing for COPD patients may prove efficacious in reducing death anxiety, increasing life satisfaction, and enhancing forgiveness tendencies, while concomitantly addressing their need for care, education, and counselling.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study used a pretest-posttest-follow-up randomised controlled experimental method. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (forgiveness based motivational interviewing) or the control group with no intervention.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| forgiveness-based motivational interviewing | Experimental | Other: forgiveness-based motivational interviewing, Other: ControlParticipants will receive an 6-session forgiveness-based motivational interviewing |
| Control | No intervention | –Throughout the study, the forgiveness-based motivational interviewing was applied only to the experimental group, and no intervention was performed in the control group |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 75 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- They must be 18 years of age or older,
- Possess sufficient mental capacity and communication skills to follow the study guidelines, be literate,
- Have a diagnosis of COPD,
- Have been hospitalized in the pulmonary diseases unit between June and September 2024.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Determined having communication barriers due to disease symptoms,
- Experiencing dyspnea at a level that prevents cooperation
- Having a chronic psychiatric disorder that would interfere with participation in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| forgiveness-based motivational interviewingThe forgiveness-based motivational interviewing was administered face-to-face, with each session lasting 40-60 minutes, scheduled twice a week over a three-week period (a total of six sessions). | Other | forgiveness-based motivational interviewing |
| Controlno intervention was performed in the control group | Other | forgiveness-based motivational interviewing |
Primary outcome
Death Anxiety Scale
Time frame: Baseline (pretest), 3 weeks (posttest) and one month after the posttest
The scale is a unidimensional, dichotomous Likert-type instrument consisting of 15 items that assess an individual's anxiety related to their own death and the risk of dying. Each item is answered as "yes" or "no," where a "yes" response for the first nine items and a "no" response for the remaining six items receive one point. The total score ranges from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater death anxiety.
1 secondary outcome
Forgiveness scale
Time frame: Baseline (pretest), 3 weeks (posttest) and one month after the posttest
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Jan 2026.
- Bergama Necla Mithat Öztüre State HospitalLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) from this study will not be shared due to ethical and institutional restrictions. The dataset includes sensitive health information from postpartum women, and the informed consent process did not include permission for public data sharing. Therefore, in accordance with privacy regulations and ethical committee requirements, IPD will not be made available to other researchers
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Merve Şahin, PhD, RN principal investigator
Bergama Necla Mithat Öztüre State Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing forgiveness-based motivational interviewing in people with Psychiatric Nursing and Psychoeducation, run by Ömer USLU at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Death Anxiety Scale (time frame: Baseline (pretest), 3 weeks (posttest) and one month after the posttest). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Jan 2026.