Non-specific Chronic Low Back PainNCT07403110

Kaltenborn Mobilization With and Without Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique in Low Back Pain.

A study testing Kaltenborn mobilization, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique and Standard Physiotherapy Treatment in people with Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

The study was conducted to determine the effects of Kaltenborn mobilization with and without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on pain, range of motion and function in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 25 to 45 years
Conditions the study is for: Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain
What is being tested?: Kaltenborn mobilization, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique and Standard Physiotherapy Treatment
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 50 participants
Where: 1 sitePakistan
Study dates: 14 Oct 2025to 5 Dec 2025
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 25 to 45 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult

Who may be able to join

Age range of 25 to 45
Pain lasting for more than 3 months
Score between 2 to 7 in NPRS
Score of greater than 20 in ODI
Pain localized between the level below the ribs at the posterior side and above the level of buttocks.

Who cannot join

Any neoplasm involving back
Radiating pain
Metabolic disorders like osteoporosis
Pregnancy
Acute infection
Prior orthopedic surgeries
Acute trauma

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Pakistan1 site

General Hospital Lahore
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000

Other trials in Pakistan

About this study

Official title: Effects of Kaltenborn Mobilization With and Without Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Pain, Range of Motion and Function in Patients With Chronic Non Specific Low Back Pain.

Conditions: Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Being tested: Kaltenborn mobilization, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique, Standard Physiotherapy Treatment
Keywords: disability, mobility, back pain
Medical subject headings: Back Pain

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Kaltenborn mobilizationOther
Kaltenborn mobilization was applied to the lumbar spine area in the dorsal direction . Patient was positioned in flexion , side bending and rotation to the right and glide was applied in dorsal direction. Similar glide was given to patient in extension, side bending and rotation to the right. These techniques were performed for 3 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation TechniqueOther
PNF Hold Relax technique was performed on lumbar spine to increase the extensibility of the surrounding muscles after a maximal response. These techniques were performed for 3 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks.
Standard Physiotherapy TreatmentOther
Hotpack for 10 mins was applied with Tens at a burst mode with pulse width 200 microsec, frequency 100 Hz, burst frequency 2 Hz for 10 mins. Ultrasound was applied for 10 mins, stretching of calf, hamstrings and gluteals along with back strengthening.

Study groups in NCT07403110
Study group	Role	What they receive
Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique	Experimental	Not described Receives: Other: Kaltenborn mobilization; Other: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique; Other: Standard Physiotherapy Treatment
Kaltenborn mobilization	Active comparator	Not described Receives: Other: Kaltenborn mobilization; Other: Standard Physiotherapy Treatment

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Numeric Pain Rating scale is used to measure intensity of pain. It ranges from 0 to 10 where 0 represents no pain, 1-3 represents mild pain, 4-6 represents moderate pain and 7-10 shows severe pain.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
Oswestry Disability Index
Oswetry Disability index is a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions used to asses functional disability in patients with low back pain. In this scale, 0-20% = minimal disability, 21-40% = moderate disability, 41-60% = severe disability, 61-80% = crippled and 81-100% = bedbound.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

Secondary outcomes (2)

ROM Lumbar spine (Flexion)
Changes in lumbar flexion range of motion was measured using goniometer at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks.
Measured: From enrollment to end of treatment at 6 weeks.
ROM of Lumbar Spine ( Extension)
Changes in lumbar extension range of motion was measured using goniometer at baseline to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

14 Oct 20255 Dec 2025

First posted11 Feb 2026
Study start14 Oct 2025
Primary completion1 Dec 2025
Study completion5 Dec 2025

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Non-specific Chronic Low Back PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Single blind
Who is masked: Outcomes assessor
Enrolment: 50 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT07403110
Sponsor's protocol ID: REC/RCR & AHS/24/0177
Status last verified: Feb 2026
First submitted: 4 Feb 2026
Last updated: 11 Feb 2026
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No

Publications

Panjaitan LA, Hon WHC, Baait SN, Mawaddah N. Comparison between proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and mckenzie method in lumbar range of motion on non-specific low back pain. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation. 2020;9(1):63-71.
Mehyar F, Santos M, Wilson SE, Staggs VS, Sharma NK. Effect of Grade III Lumbar Mobilization on Back Muscles in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Allied Health. 2020 Spring;49(1):20-28.
PubMed 32128535
Thomas JS, Clark BC, Russ DW, France CR, Ploutz-Snyder R, Corcos DM; RELIEF Study Investigators. Effect of Spinal Manipulative and Mobilization Therapies in Young Adults With Mild to Moderate Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Aug 3;3(8):e2012589. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12589.
PubMed 32756930
Karkamandi F, Miri H, Letafatkar A, Haghighi M. Comparing the effects of motor control exercises and PNF exercises on postural control, strength, endurance, and proprioception in women with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Sport Sciences and Health Research. 2021;13(2):165-77.
Fouda KZ, Dewir IM, Abdelsalam MS. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain patients. Physiotherapy Quarterly. 2021;29(2):32-7.
Lizis P, Kobza W, Jaszczur-Nowicki J, Wisniewski D. Osteopathic Manual Treatment Compared to Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023 May;29(4):76-81.
PubMed 34331755
Koutarapu S, Ghumare D. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises versus lumbar stabilization exercises for chronic low back pain patients: A randomized interventional study. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2022;54(1):23-8.
Arcanjo FL, Martins JVP, Mote P, Leporace G, Oliveira DA, Sousa CS, Saquetto MB, Gomes-Neto M. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training reduces pain and disability in individuals with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022 Feb;46:101505. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101505. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
PubMed 34852989
Malik A, Ramsha M, Samad A. Outcomes of the butler neural mo-bilization technique and manual therapy for chronic low back pain in patients with lumbar radiculopathy: A cross-sectional comparative study. J Basic Clin Med Sci. 2022;1:3-11.
Kasimis K, Iakovidis P, Lytras D, Koutras G, Chatziprodromidou IP, Fetlis A, Ntinou SR, Keklikoglou NM, Samiotaki A, Chasapis G, Tarfali G, Apostolou T. Short-Term Effects of Manual Therapy plus Capacitive and Resistive Electric Transfer Therapy in Individuals with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jul 9;59(7):1275. doi: 10.3390/medicina59071275.
PubMed 37512085
Shahzadi M, Tanveer S, Batool M, Sheikh SA, Faraz K, Fatima Z. Comparing Muscle Energy Technique and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopaedic Manual Therapy: A Study on Effectiveness in Treating Chronic Low Back Pain. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2023;3(2):1200-5.
Khalid R, Hasan S, Anis T, Riaz SW, Maroof A, Arshad A, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) With or Without Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Pattern in Lumbosacral Dysfunction: Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET). THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences). 2024:51-5.
Deopa V, Kumar N, Thapliyal S, Sharma S. To Compare the Effect of PNF Stretching and Core Stabilizing Exercise Versus McKenzie Technique in Subjects with Low Back Pain.

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

Not yet recruiting
Effect of Lumbar Stabilization Exercises With and Without YTWL (Scapular Stabilization Exercises) on Reducing Chronic Low Back Pain and Related Disability. A Randomized Clinical Trial,
Chronic Non Specific Mechanical Low Back Pain
Enrolling by invitation
Effects of 3-dimensional Versus Dynamic Myofascial Release Techniques With Lumbar Mobilization and Exercise Therapy Program in Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain.
Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain, Myofascial Release
Active, not recruiting
Integrated Feldenkrais Method With and Without DNS for Chronic Low Back Pain in Females
Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Not yet recruiting
Effects of Dead Bug Exercises With and Without Diaphragmatic Breathing in Patients With Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain.
Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Not yet recruiting
McGill Stabilization Exercises Versus Pilates for Chronic Low Back Pain
Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain

All Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Effects of Kaltenborn Mobilization With and Without Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Pain, Range of Motion and Function in Patients With Chronic Non Specific Low Back Pain.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT07403110
Acronym / sponsor ID: REC/RCR & AHS/24/0177
Conditions: Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Keywords: disability, mobility, back pain
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 50 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: 14 Oct 2025 (actual)
Primary completion: 1 Dec 2025 (actual)
Study completion: 5 Dec 2025 (actual)
First posted: 11 Feb 2026 (actual)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Single blind (outcomes assessor)
Number of arms: 2

Arm	Type	Receives
Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique	Experimental	Other: Kaltenborn mobilization, Other: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique, Other: Standard Physiotherapy Treatment
Kaltenborn mobilization	Active comparator	Other: Kaltenborn mobilization, Other: Standard Physiotherapy Treatment

Who may qualify

Ages: 25 to 45 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult

Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)

Age range of 25 to 45
Pain lasting for more than 3 months
Score between 2 to 7 in NPRS
Score of greater than 20 in ODI
Pain localized between the level below the ribs at the posterior side and above the level of buttocks.

Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)

Any neoplasm involving back
Radiating pain
Metabolic disorders like osteoporosis
Pregnancy
Acute infection

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Kaltenborn mobilizationKaltenborn mobilization was applied to the lumbar spine area in the dorsal direction . Patient was positioned in flexion , side bending and rotation to the right and glide was applied in dorsal direction. Similar glide was given to patient in extension, side bending and rotation to the right. These techniques were performed for 3 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks.	Other	Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique, Kaltenborn mobilization
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation TechniquePNF Hold Relax technique was performed on lumbar spine to increase the extensibility of the surrounding muscles after a maximal response. These techniques were performed for 3 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks.	Other	Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique
Standard Physiotherapy TreatmentHotpack for 10 mins was applied with Tens at a burst mode with pulse width 200 microsec, frequency 100 Hz, burst frequency 2 Hz for 10 mins. Ultrasound was applied for 10 mins, stretching of calf, hamstrings and gluteals along with back strengthening.	Other	Kaltenborn Mobilization with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique, Kaltenborn mobilization

Primary outcome

Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
Numeric Pain Rating scale is used to measure intensity of pain. It ranges from 0 to 10 where 0 represents no pain, 1-3 represents mild pain, 4-6 represents moderate pain and 7-10 shows severe pain.
Oswestry Disability Index
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
Oswetry Disability index is a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions used to asses functional disability in patients with low back pain. In this scale, 0-20% = minimal disability, 21-40% = moderate disability, 41-60% = severe disability, 61-80% = crippled and 81-100% = bedbound.

2 secondary outcomes

ROM Lumbar spine (Flexion)
Time frame: From enrollment to end of treatment at 6 weeks.
ROM of Lumbar Spine ( Extension)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Feb 2026.
BackgroundPanjaitan LA, Hon WHC, Baait SN, Mawaddah N. Comparison between proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and mckenzie method in lumbar range of motion on non-specific low back pain. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation. 2020;9(1):63-71.
Background: PubMed 32128535Mehyar F, Santos M, Wilson SE, Staggs VS, Sharma NK. Effect of Grade III Lumbar Mobilization on Back Muscles in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Allied Health. 2020 Spring;49(1):20-28.
Background: PubMed 32756930Thomas JS, Clark BC, Russ DW, France CR, Ploutz-Snyder R, Corcos DM; RELIEF Study Investigators. Effect of Spinal Manipulative and Mobilization Therapies in Young Adults With Mild to Moderate Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Aug 3;3(8):e2012589. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12589.
BackgroundKarkamandi F, Miri H, Letafatkar A, Haghighi M. Comparing the effects of motor control exercises and PNF exercises on postural control, strength, endurance, and proprioception in women with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Sport Sciences and Health Research. 2021;13(2):165-77.
BackgroundFouda KZ, Dewir IM, Abdelsalam MS. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain patients. Physiotherapy Quarterly. 2021;29(2):32-7.
Background: PubMed 34331755Lizis P, Kobza W, Jaszczur-Nowicki J, Wisniewski D. Osteopathic Manual Treatment Compared to Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023 May;29(4):76-81.
BackgroundKoutarapu S, Ghumare D. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises versus lumbar stabilization exercises for chronic low back pain patients: A randomized interventional study. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2022;54(1):23-8.
Background: PubMed 34852989Arcanjo FL, Martins JVP, Mote P, Leporace G, Oliveira DA, Sousa CS, Saquetto MB, Gomes-Neto M. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training reduces pain and disability in individuals with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022 Feb;46:101505. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101505. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
BackgroundMalik A, Ramsha M, Samad A. Outcomes of the butler neural mo-bilization technique and manual therapy for chronic low back pain in patients with lumbar radiculopathy: A cross-sectional comparative study. J Basic Clin Med Sci. 2022;1:3-11.
Background: PubMed 37512085Kasimis K, Iakovidis P, Lytras D, Koutras G, Chatziprodromidou IP, Fetlis A, Ntinou SR, Keklikoglou NM, Samiotaki A, Chasapis G, Tarfali G, Apostolou T. Short-Term Effects of Manual Therapy plus Capacitive and Resistive Electric Transfer Therapy in Individuals with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jul 9;59(7):1275. doi: 10.3390/medicina59071275.
BackgroundShahzadi M, Tanveer S, Batool M, Sheikh SA, Faraz K, Fatima Z. Comparing Muscle Energy Technique and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopaedic Manual Therapy: A Study on Effectiveness in Treating Chronic Low Back Pain. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2023;3(2):1200-5.
BackgroundKhalid R, Hasan S, Anis T, Riaz SW, Maroof A, Arshad A, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) With or Without Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Pattern in Lumbosacral Dysfunction: Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET). THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences). 2024:51-5.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No

Related trials for Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Not yet recruiting
Effect of Lumbar Stabilization Exercises With and Without YTWL (Scapular Stabilization Exercises) on Reducing Chronic Low Back Pain and Related Disability. A Randomized Clinical Trial,
Chronic Non Specific Mechanical Low Back Pain
Enrolling by invitation
Effects of 3-dimensional Versus Dynamic Myofascial Release Techniques With Lumbar Mobilization and Exercise Therapy Program in Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain.
Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain, Myofascial Release
Active, not recruiting
Integrated Feldenkrais Method With and Without DNS for Chronic Low Back Pain in Females
Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Not yet recruiting
Effects of Dead Bug Exercises With and Without Diaphragmatic Breathing in Patients With Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain.
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Not yet recruiting
McGill Stabilization Exercises Versus Pilates for Chronic Low Back Pain
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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Shakil ur Rehman, Ph.D principal investigator

Riphah International University

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Numeric Pain Rating Scale (time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07403110, which also lists 13 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Feb 2026.