Adhesive Capsulitis of the ShoulderNCT07403409
Scapular Repeated Contractions Facilitation Versus Hold-relax Techniques in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis
A study testing Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique, Hold-Relax Technique and Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis in people with Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The study was conducted to determine the effects of scapular repeated contractions facilitation versus hold-relax techniques on pain, range of motion and functional disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
- What is being tested?
- Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique, Hold-Relax Technique and Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 66 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 18 Jan 2025to 30 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosed stage 2 of Adhesive Capsulitis (>4-12 months)
- Difficulties in 2 or more movements: external rotation, abduction, flexion or internal rotation presenting limitation of more than 30 degrees
- Patients having diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus type 2
- Capsular pattern of restriction
- Unilateral involvement of the shoulder
- Patients who are not taking any pain killer
Who cannot join
- Surgical history of affected shoulder
- History of trauma or fracture in affected shoulder
- Cervical neuropathy or any other disorders of cervical spine, elbow and wrist
- Any Neurological disorders such as stroke or parkinsonism
- Any systemic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and malignancies in shoulder region
- Intra-articular injection
Show all 10Show fewer
- Open wound or skin infection
- Manipulation under anesthesia
- Recurrent dislocation or subluxation
- Shoulder injuries such as rotator cuff tear, or tendon calcification
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Rasool Medical Complex Gujrat
Dhok Gujra, Punjab Province, 50700
About this study
Official title: Effects of Scapular Repeated Contractions Facilitation Versus Hold-relax Techniques on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis
The study was conducted to determine the effects of scapular repeated contractions facilitation versus hold-relax techniques on pain, range of motion and functional disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis
- Conditions
- Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
- Being tested
- Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique, Hold-Relax Technique, Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis
- Keywords
- Adhesive Capsulitis, Scapula Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique, scapular Hold-Relax Technique, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
- Medical subject headings
- Bursitis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Repeated Contraction Facilitation TechniqueOther
Repeated contraction facilitation on scapula in two diagonal patterns (D1\&D2) were performed .D1 consisted of anterior elevation and posterior depression and D2 consisted of posterior elevation and anterior depression. Isotonic contraction of muscles against the resistance throughout the active ROM was performed.3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed with 20 seconds of rest interval.
Hold-Relax TechniqueOther
Hold -Relax on scapula in two diagonal patterns (D1\&D2) were performed .D1 consisted of anterior elevation and posterior depression and D2 consisted of posterior elevation and anterior depression in which restricted muscles were contracted isometrically with 5 sec hold followed by relaxation into new range .3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed with 20 seconds of rest interval.
Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive CapsulitisOther
Moist heat pack for 15-20 mins Therapeutic Ultrasound at 1MHz for 8-10 mins in continuous mode with the intensity of 1.5W/cm2 Active Assisted Shoulder for abduction, flexion, internal rotation and external rotation with 3 sets of 15 repetitions 4days/week for 4 weeks Wall slides, Finger ladder exercises, Wand exercises and home exercises were performed.3x15 repetitions with 2 min rest interval for 4 sessions per week for four weeks for each exercise Maitland Glenohumeral Joint Mobilization with 2-3 oscillations per second for 30 seconds for 5 sets 4 times a week in caudal and posteroanterior direction was applied for 4 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Scapular Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique; Other: Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis |
| Scapular Hold-Relax Technique | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Other: Hold-Relax Technique; Other: Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Patient level of pain was assessed using this scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 10. 0 indicates "no pain" ,1- 3 indicates mild pain ,4-6 indicates moderate pain and 7-10 indicates "worst pain". NPRS have shown high test-retest reliability (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively) MCID value of NPRS is 2-3
Measured: At base line and end of 4 weeks
Shoulder Pain And Disability Index
SPADI was used to assess functional disability. It has 13 items, with 5 items for pain and 8 items for disability
Measured: from baseline to end of 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (4)
ROM shoulder flexion
changes from baseline ROM of shoulder flexion was taken
Measured: 4th week
ROM shoulder abduction
changes from baseline ROM of shoulder was taken
Measured: 4th week
ROM shoulder external rotation
changes from baseline ROM of shoulder external rotation was taken
Measured: 4th week
ROM shoulder internal rotation
changes from baseline ROM of shoulder internal rotation was taken
Measured: 4th week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Feb 2026
- Study start18 Jan 2025
- Primary completion31 May 2025
- Study completion30 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Adhesive Capsulitis of the ShoulderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ameena Amjad, Ph.D, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07403409
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0196
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 4 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 11 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Joshi D, Chitra J. Effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on shoulder pain, range of motion, and upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU. 2017;10(3):276-82.
Chitra J, Joshi D. Effect of scapular hold-relax technique on shoulder pain in hemiplegic subjects: A randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy-The Journal of Indian Association of Physiotherapists. 2017;11(2):49-52.
Mishra N, Mishra A, Charaniya P. Effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on pain and disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Int J Yogic Hum Mov Sports Sciences. 2019;4(1):995-1000.
Saeed M, Hafeez S, Asad F, Haider W, Nawaz S, Kocub S. Comparison of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and myofascial release techniques on pain and function in scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis: Scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. 2022:123-7.
Bhavika PG, Vinosh Kumar P. Effect of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation versus Scapular Mobilization on Pain and function in adhesive capsulitis-A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. INTI JOURNAL. 2023;2023(64):1-6.
Akgüller T, Akbaba YA, Taşkıran H. The effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on pain and functionality in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin. 2023;33(03):149-61.
Shaikh SB, Ganvir SS. Effect of 4 Weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Scapular Alignment and Upper Extremity Motor Performance in Patients with Stroke: A Repeated Measure Design. Medical Journal of Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth. 2023;16(Suppl 2):S228-S34.
Ragapriyaa R, Kamalakannan M, Anitha A, Ramana K. Effect of Scapular Clock Exercise Versus Scapular PNF Exercise on Pain and ROM for Anterior Capsular Stiffness of Shoulder Joint. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy. 2024;18.
Cellatoglu H, Belgen Kaygisiz B. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique on posture, balance and gait characteristics of older adults with scapular dyskinesis: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ. 2025 Aug 14;13:e19718. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19718. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 40827206Butt MS, Tanveer F. Effects of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in addition to routine physical therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with adhesive capsulitis: A randomized controlled trial. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2022;2(1):78-87.
Ghias S, Saeed H, Ahmed M, Faisal M, Solangi TA, Asim HAB, et al. Effectiveness of PNF Pattern in Regular Physical Therapy Sessions on Functional Mobility in Frozen Shoulder: PNF Pattern in Frozen Shoulder Therapy. THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences). 2024:46-50.
Lin P, Yang M, Huang D, Lin H, Wang J, Zhong C, Guan L. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on the treatment of frozen shoulder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Apr 20;23(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05327-4.
PubMed 35443651Zhang EJX, Lam YX, Lim WSR, Lie DTT. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on efficacy and pain relief for symptomatic shoulder conditions: a meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Reports. 2025;4(1):100541.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Scapular Repeated Contractions Facilitation Versus Hold-relax Techniques on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07403409
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0196
- Conditions
- Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
- Keywords
- Adhesive Capsulitis, Scapula Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique, scapular Hold-Relax Technique, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 18 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study was conducted to determine the effects of scapular repeated contractions facilitation versus hold-relax techniques on pain, range of motion and functional disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Scapular Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique | Experimental | Other: Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique, Other: Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis |
| Scapular Hold-Relax Technique | Active comparator | Other: Hold-Relax Technique, Other: Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Diagnosed stage 2 of Adhesive Capsulitis (>4-12 months)
- Difficulties in 2 or more movements: external rotation, abduction, flexion or internal rotation presenting limitation of more than 30 degrees
- Patients having diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus type 2
- Capsular pattern of restriction
- Unilateral involvement of the shoulder
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Surgical history of affected shoulder
- History of trauma or fracture in affected shoulder
- Cervical neuropathy or any other disorders of cervical spine, elbow and wrist
- Any Neurological disorders such as stroke or parkinsonism
- Any systemic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and malignancies in shoulder region
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Repeated Contraction Facilitation TechniqueRepeated contraction facilitation on scapula in two diagonal patterns (D1\&D2) were performed .D1 consisted of anterior elevation and posterior depression and D2 consisted of posterior elevation and anterior depression. Isotonic contraction of muscles against the resistance throughout the active ROM was performed.3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed with 20 seconds of rest interval. | Other | Scapular Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique |
| Hold-Relax TechniqueHold -Relax on scapula in two diagonal patterns (D1\&D2) were performed .D1 consisted of anterior elevation and posterior depression and D2 consisted of posterior elevation and anterior depression in which restricted muscles were contracted isometrically with 5 sec hold followed by relaxation into new range .3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed with 20 seconds of rest interval. | Other | Scapular Hold-Relax Technique |
| Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive CapsulitisMoist heat pack for 15-20 mins Therapeutic Ultrasound at 1MHz for 8-10 mins in continuous mode with the intensity of 1.5W/cm2 Active Assisted Shoulder for abduction, flexion, internal rotation and external rotation with 3 sets of 15 repetitions 4days/week for 4 weeks Wall slides, Finger ladder exercises, Wand exercises and home exercises were performed.3x15 repetitions with 2 min rest interval for 4 sessions per week for four weeks for each exercise Maitland Glenohumeral Joint Mobilization with 2-3 oscillations per second for 30 seconds for 5 sets 4 times a week in caudal and posteroanterior direction was applied for 4 weeks. | Other | Scapular Hold-Relax Technique, Scapular Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique |
Primary outcome
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: At base line and end of 4 weeks
Patient level of pain was assessed using this scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 10. 0 indicates "no pain" ,1- 3 indicates mild pain ,4-6 indicates moderate pain and 7-10 indicates "worst pain". NPRS have shown high test-retest reliability (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively) MCID value of NPRS is 2-3
Shoulder Pain And Disability Index
Time frame: from baseline to end of 4 weeks
SPADI was used to assess functional disability. It has 13 items, with 5 items for pain and 8 items for disability
4 secondary outcomes
ROM shoulder flexion
Time frame: 4th week
ROM shoulder abduction
Time frame: 4th week
ROM shoulder external rotation
Time frame: 4th week
ROM shoulder internal rotation
Time frame: 4th week
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Feb 2026.
- BackgroundJoshi D, Chitra J. Effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on shoulder pain, range of motion, and upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU. 2017;10(3):276-82.
- BackgroundChitra J, Joshi D. Effect of scapular hold-relax technique on shoulder pain in hemiplegic subjects: A randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy-The Journal of Indian Association of Physiotherapists. 2017;11(2):49-52.
- BackgroundMishra N, Mishra A, Charaniya P. Effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on pain and disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Int J Yogic Hum Mov Sports Sciences. 2019;4(1):995-1000.
- BackgroundSaeed M, Hafeez S, Asad F, Haider W, Nawaz S, Kocub S. Comparison of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and myofascial release techniques on pain and function in scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis: Scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. 2022:123-7.
- BackgroundBhavika PG, Vinosh Kumar P. Effect of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation versus Scapular Mobilization on Pain and function in adhesive capsulitis-A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. INTI JOURNAL. 2023;2023(64):1-6.
- BackgroundAkgüller T, Akbaba YA, Taşkıran H. The effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on pain and functionality in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin. 2023;33(03):149-61.
- BackgroundShaikh SB, Ganvir SS. Effect of 4 Weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Scapular Alignment and Upper Extremity Motor Performance in Patients with Stroke: A Repeated Measure Design. Medical Journal of Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth. 2023;16(Suppl 2):S228-S34.
- BackgroundRagapriyaa R, Kamalakannan M, Anitha A, Ramana K. Effect of Scapular Clock Exercise Versus Scapular PNF Exercise on Pain and ROM for Anterior Capsular Stiffness of Shoulder Joint. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy. 2024;18.
- Background: PubMed 40827206Cellatoglu H, Belgen Kaygisiz B. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique on posture, balance and gait characteristics of older adults with scapular dyskinesis: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ. 2025 Aug 14;13:e19718. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19718. eCollection 2025.
- BackgroundButt MS, Tanveer F. Effects of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in addition to routine physical therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with adhesive capsulitis: A randomized controlled trial. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2022;2(1):78-87.
- BackgroundGhias S, Saeed H, Ahmed M, Faisal M, Solangi TA, Asim HAB, et al. Effectiveness of PNF Pattern in Regular Physical Therapy Sessions on Functional Mobility in Frozen Shoulder: PNF Pattern in Frozen Shoulder Therapy. THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences). 2024:46-50.
- Background: PubMed 35443651Lin P, Yang M, Huang D, Lin H, Wang J, Zhong C, Guan L. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on the treatment of frozen shoulder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Apr 20;23(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05327-4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ameena Amjad, Ph.D principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Repeated Contraction Facilitation Technique, Hold-Relax Technique and Conventional Physical therapy Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis in people with Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (time frame: At base line and end of 4 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07403409, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Feb 2026.