DrainNCT07408921
Effect of Ice Pack and Warm Gel Pad Use During Drain Removal on Anxiety, Comfort, Physiological Parameters, and Patient Satisfaction Undergoing Open Urological Surgery
A study testing Ice Pack and Warm Gel Pad Group in people with Drain, run by Tarsus University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Drain
- What is being tested?
- Ice Pack and Warm Gel Pad Group
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 Feb 2026to 15 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals who consented to participate in the study,
- Patients who underwent open urological surgery,
- Patients followed with a single surgical drain,
- Aged 18 years and older,
- Conscious, oriented, and cooperative,
- Without communication problems.
Who cannot join
- Individuals who did not consent to participate in the study,
- Under 18 years of age,
- Not conscious, oriented, or cooperative,
- With communication problems,
- Having had a surgical drain previously,
- Individuals with two or more surgical drains.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of Ice Pack and Warm Gel Pad Use During Drain Removal on Anxiety, Comfort, Physiological Parameters, and Patient Satisfaction in Patients Undergoing Open Urological Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery.
In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study.
Read more
Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule.
In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.
In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.
In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied.
After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.
Read the detailed description
The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery. The study will be conducted between February 2026 and February 2027 with individuals who apply to the Urology Department of Mersin University Hospital during this period and meet the sample inclusion criteria.
The sample size of the study was calculated using an a priori power analysis with the G*Power 3.1 program. In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study.
Data will be collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule.
In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.
In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.
In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied.
After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.
- Conditions
- Drain
- Being tested
- Ice Pack, Warm Gel Pad Group
- Keywords
- Ice Pack, Warm Gel Pad, Anxiety, Comfort, Physiological Parameters, Patient Satisfaction
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders, Patient Satisfaction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Ice PackOther
In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.
Warm Gel Pad GroupOther
In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Ice Pack Group | Experimental | In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated. Receives: Other: Ice Pack |
| Warm Gel Pad Group | Experimental | In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician. Receives: Other: Warm Gel Pad Group |
| Control group | No intervention | In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Anxiety
The State Anxiety Scale : In this study, the DAQ, which is structured to measure momentary feelings, was used. The DAQ consists of 20 questions on a four-point Likert scale. The statements in the DAQ are evaluated as not at all (1), a little (2), a lot (3) and completely (4). In this section, the statements are divided into direct and reversed statements. Inverted statements: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 5th, 8th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 16th, 19th, 20th items. The total score of the reversed statements is subtracted from the total score of the direct statements and the number 50, which is the invariant value of the DAQ, is added to the value obtained and the DAQ score is calculated. The scale score ranges between 20-80 and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of anxiety.
Measured: 10 months
Comfort,
It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of comfort.
Measured: 10 months
Physiological Parameters
In this form, systolic blood pressure measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.
Measured: 10 months
Patient Satisfaction
It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction
Measured: 10 months
Physiological Parameters
In this form, diastolic blood pressure measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.
Measured: 10 months
Physiological Parameters
In this form, respiratory rate measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.
Measured: 10 months
Physiological Parameters
In this form, pulse rate measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.
Measured: 10 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Feb 2026
- Study start20 Feb 2026
- Primary completion15 Oct 2026
- Study completion15 Oct 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DrainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tarsus University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Mersin University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gamze BOZKUL, Tarsus University
- Investigators
- Murat Bozlu, Principal investigator, Mersin UniversityNACİYE BALBAY, Principal investigator, Mersin University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07408921
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TU-BOZKUL-015
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 20 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Borofsky MS, Lingeman JE. The role of open and laparoscopic stone surgery in the modern era of endourology. Nat Rev Urol. 2015 Jul;12(7):392-400. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.141. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
PubMed 26077995Kang H. Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:17. doi: 10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
PubMed 34325496Celebi C, Sivrikaya I, Olmez H, Guvenc SI, Urkan M. Effectiveness of cold application and lavender oil on pain during drain removal: A randomized clinical trial. Niger J Clin Pract. 2023 Aug;26(8):1101-1109. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_881_22.
PubMed 37635603Kriegmair MC, Mandel P, Krombach P, Donmez H, John A, Hacker A, Michel MS. Drain placement can safely be omitted for open partial nephrectomy: Results from a prospective randomized trial. Int J Urol. 2016 May;23(5):390-4. doi: 10.1111/iju.13063. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
PubMed 26890474https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770130405
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Ice Pack and Warm Gel Pad Use During Drain Removal on Anxiety, Comfort, Physiological Parameters, and Patient Satisfaction in Patients Undergoing Open Urological Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07408921
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TU-BOZKUL-015
- Conditions
- Drain
- Keywords
- Ice Pack, Warm Gel Pad, Anxiety, Comfort, Physiological Parameters, Patient Satisfaction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Tarsus UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Mersin University
- Study start
- 20 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Oct 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery.
In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study.
Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule.
In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.
In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.
In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied.
After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.
Detailed description
The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery. The study will be conducted between February 2026 and February 2027 with individuals who apply to the Urology Department of Mersin University Hospital during this period and meet the sample inclusion criteria.
The sample size of the study was calculated using an a priori power analysis with the G*Power 3.1 program. In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study.
Data will be collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule.
In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.
In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.
In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied.
After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Ice Pack Group | Experimental | Other: Ice PackIn the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated. |
| Warm Gel Pad Group | Experimental | Other: Warm Gel Pad GroupIn the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician. |
| Control group | No intervention | –In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Individuals who consented to participate in the study,
- Patients who underwent open urological surgery,
- Patients followed with a single surgical drain,
- Aged 18 years and older,
- Conscious, oriented, and cooperative,
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Individuals who did not consent to participate in the study,
- Under 18 years of age,
- Not conscious, oriented, or cooperative,
- With communication problems,
- Having had a surgical drain previously,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Ice PackIn the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated. | Other | Ice Pack Group |
| Warm Gel Pad GroupIn the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician. | Other | Warm Gel Pad Group |
Primary outcome
Anxiety
Time frame: 10 months
The State Anxiety Scale : In this study, the DAQ, which is structured to measure momentary feelings, was used. The DAQ consists of 20 questions on a four-point Likert scale. The statements in the DAQ are evaluated as not at all (1), a little (2), a lot (3) and completely (4). In this section, the statements are divided into direct and reversed statements. Inverted statements: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 5th, 8th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 16th, 19th, 20th items. The total score of the reversed statements is subtracted from the total score of the direct statements and the number 50, which is the invariant value of the DAQ, is added to the value obtained and the DAQ score is calculated. The scale score ranges between 20-80 and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of anxiety.
Comfort,
Time frame: 10 months
It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of comfort.
Physiological Parameters
Time frame: 10 months
In this form, systolic blood pressure measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.
Patient Satisfaction
Time frame: 10 months
It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction
Physiological Parameters
Time frame: 10 months
In this form, diastolic blood pressure measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.
Physiological Parameters
Time frame: 10 months
In this form, respiratory rate measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.
Physiological Parameters
Time frame: 10 months
In this form, pulse rate measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Oct 2026.
- Background: PubMed 26077995Borofsky MS, Lingeman JE. The role of open and laparoscopic stone surgery in the modern era of endourology. Nat Rev Urol. 2015 Jul;12(7):392-400. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.141. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
- Background: PubMed 34325496Kang H. Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:17. doi: 10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
- Background: PubMed 37635603Celebi C, Sivrikaya I, Olmez H, Guvenc SI, Urkan M. Effectiveness of cold application and lavender oil on pain during drain removal: A randomized clinical trial. Niger J Clin Pract. 2023 Aug;26(8):1101-1109. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_881_22.
- Background: PubMed 26890474Kriegmair MC, Mandel P, Krombach P, Donmez H, John A, Hacker A, Michel MS. Drain placement can safely be omitted for open partial nephrectomy: Results from a prospective randomized trial. Int J Urol. 2016 May;23(5):390-4. doi: 10.1111/iju.13063. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
- Backgroundhttps://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770130405
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Murat Bozlu principal investigator
Mersin University
NACİYE BALBAY principal investigator
Mersin University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Ice Pack and Warm Gel Pad Group in people with Drain, run by Tarsus University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Anxiety (time frame: 10 months). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07408921, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Oct 2026.