SmokingNCT07412639
Tabata Exercise on Nitric Oxide Synthases and Maresin
A study testing Tabata Exercise Protocol in people with Smoking and Smoking, Cigarette, run by Ataturk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Smoking causes chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction through alterations in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways. Maresin is an anti-inflammatory pro-resolving lipid mediator that plays important roles in the resolution of inflammatory processes. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking, Smoking, Cigarette
- What is being tested?
- Tabata Exercise Protocol
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 24 Oct 2025to 30 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age between 18 and 40 years
- No regular participation in structured physical exercise for at least 6 months prior to enrollment
- Absence of any acute or chronic inflammatory disease at baseline
- No history of cardiovascular, metabolic, pulmonary, or neurological disorders
- Ability to comply with the study protocol and complete the tabata exercise program
- Provision of written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Initiation or cessation of smoking during the study period
- Use of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, corticosteroid, or vasoactive medications
- Acute infection, surgical intervention, or major trauma within the preceding 3 months
- Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or chronic pulmonary disease
- History of alcohol or substance abuse
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Musculoskeletal or orthopedic conditions that could limit participation in tabata exercise
- Inability to adhere to the exercise protocol or failure to complete follow-up assessments
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Differential Effects of Tabata Exercise on Nitric Oxide Synthases and Maresin in Smokers and Non-Smokers
Smoking causes chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction through alterations in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways. Maresin is an anti-inflammatory pro-resolving lipid mediator that plays important roles in the resolution of inflammatory processes. Tabata exercise is a short-duration, high-intensity exercise modality with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of tabata exercise on iNOS, eNOS, and Maresin levels, as well as the relationships among these biomarkers, in smokers and non-smokers.
- Conditions
- Smoking, Smoking, Cigarette
- Being tested
- Tabata Exercise Protocol
- Keywords
- Tabata Exercise, smoker, Maresin, nitric oxide synthase
- Medical subject headings
- Smoking, Cigarette Smoking
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Tabata Exercise ProtocolOther
The Tabata protocol consisted of 20-second high-intensity intervals exceeding 70 % of VO₂max and approaching ~90 % of VO₂max, followed by 10 seconds of rest, repeated for 4 minutes per set. Exercises included high knees, froggers, speed skaters, jumping jacks, and mountain climbers. Following the original Tabata design [29], each work-rest cycle was repeated eight times.
Each training session began with a 10-15 minute warm-up and concluded with a 10-15 minute cool-down. The total number of sets ranged from 1 to 4, and the number of exercises per session ranged from 4 to 8. Training intensity progressively increased from 30 % to 89 % of maximal effort according to the principle of progressive overload.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Smoker | Active comparator | * Current smokers with a smoking history of at least 2 years
* Daily cigarette consumption of ≥10 cigarettes per day Receives: Other: Tabata Exercise Protocol |
| Nonsmoker | Active comparator | * Individuals who had never smoked, or
* Individuals who had not smoked for at least 5 years, with no history of regular passive smoking exposure Receives: Other: Tabata Exercise Protocol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Measured: 6 week after exercise
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Measured: 12 week after exercise
serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level
eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Measured: 6 week after exercise
serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level
eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Measured: 12 week after exercise
Secondary outcomes (2)
serum maresin level
Maresin level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Measured: 6 week after exercise
serum maresin level
Maresin level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Measured: 12 week after exercise
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Feb 2026
- Study start24 Oct 2025
- Primary completion16 Jan 2026
- Study completion30 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for SmokingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ataturk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Zafer Bayraktutan, Ataturk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07412639
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ATAUNISPORT1
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 9 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 17 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ding N, Sang Y, Chen J, Ballew SH, Kalbaugh CA, Salameh MJ, Blaha MJ, Allison M, Heiss G, Selvin E, Coresh J, Matsushita K. Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jul 30;74(4):498-507. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.049.
PubMed 31345423Fysikopoulos A, Seimetz M, Hadzic S, Knoepp F, Wu CY, Malkmus K, Wilhelm J, Pichl A, Bednorz M, Tadele Roxlau E, Ghofrani HA, Sommer N, Gierhardt M, Schermuly RT, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Weissmann N, Kraut S. Amelioration of elastase-induced lung emphysema and reversal of pulmonary hypertension by pharmacological iNOS inhibition in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Jan;178(1):152-171. doi: 10.1111/bph.15057. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
PubMed 32201936
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Differential Effects of Tabata Exercise on Nitric Oxide Synthases and Maresin in Smokers and Non-Smokers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07412639
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ATAUNISPORT1
- Conditions
- Smoking, Smoking, Cigarette
- Keywords
- Tabata Exercise, smoker, Maresin, nitric oxide synthase
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ataturk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 24 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 16 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Smoking causes chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction through alterations in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways. Maresin is an anti-inflammatory pro-resolving lipid mediator that plays important roles in the resolution of inflammatory processes. Tabata exercise is a short-duration, high-intensity exercise modality with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of tabata exercise on iNOS, eNOS, and Maresin levels, as well as the relationships among these biomarkers, in smokers and non-smokers.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Smoker | Active comparator | Other: Tabata Exercise Protocol* Current smokers with a smoking history of at least 2 years * Daily cigarette consumption of ≥10 cigarettes per day |
| Nonsmoker | Active comparator | Other: Tabata Exercise Protocol* Individuals who had never smoked, or * Individuals who had not smoked for at least 5 years, with no history of regular passive smoking exposure |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age between 18 and 40 years
- No regular participation in structured physical exercise for at least 6 months prior to enrollment
- Absence of any acute or chronic inflammatory disease at baseline
- No history of cardiovascular, metabolic, pulmonary, or neurological disorders
- Ability to comply with the study protocol and complete the tabata exercise program
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Initiation or cessation of smoking during the study period
- Use of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, corticosteroid, or vasoactive medications
- Acute infection, surgical intervention, or major trauma within the preceding 3 months
- Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or chronic pulmonary disease
- History of alcohol or substance abuse
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Tabata Exercise ProtocolThe Tabata protocol consisted of 20-second high-intensity intervals exceeding 70 % of VO₂max and approaching ~90 % of VO₂max, followed by 10 seconds of rest, repeated for 4 minutes per set. Exercises included high knees, froggers, speed skaters, jumping jacks, and mountain climbers. Following the original Tabata design [29], each work-rest cycle was repeated eight times. Each training session began with a 10-15 minute warm-up and concluded with a 10-15 minute cool-down. The total number of sets ranged from 1 to 4, and the number of exercises per session ranged from 4 to 8. Training intensity progressively increased from 30 % to 89 % of maximal effort according to the principle of progressive overload. | Other | Nonsmoker, Smoker |
Primary outcome
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
Time frame: 6 week after exercise
iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
Time frame: 12 week after exercise
iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level
Time frame: 6 week after exercise
eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level
Time frame: 12 week after exercise
eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
2 secondary outcomes
serum maresin level
Time frame: 6 week after exercise
serum maresin level
Time frame: 12 week after exercise
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Feb 2026.
- Background: PubMed 31345423Ding N, Sang Y, Chen J, Ballew SH, Kalbaugh CA, Salameh MJ, Blaha MJ, Allison M, Heiss G, Selvin E, Coresh J, Matsushita K. Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jul 30;74(4):498-507. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.049.
- Background: PubMed 32201936Fysikopoulos A, Seimetz M, Hadzic S, Knoepp F, Wu CY, Malkmus K, Wilhelm J, Pichl A, Bednorz M, Tadele Roxlau E, Ghofrani HA, Sommer N, Gierhardt M, Schermuly RT, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Weissmann N, Kraut S. Amelioration of elastase-induced lung emphysema and reversal of pulmonary hypertension by pharmacological iNOS inhibition in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Jan;178(1):152-171. doi: 10.1111/bph.15057. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Tabata Exercise Protocol in people with Smoking and Smoking, Cigarette, run by Ataturk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level (time frame: 6 week after exercise). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07412639, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Feb 2026.