PregnancyNCT07414641
Music Listening During NST Monitoring
A study testing Music Listening During NST in people with Pregnancy and Maternal Anxiety, run by Biruni University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study evaluated whether listening to music during routine non-stress test (NST) monitoring affects fetal parameters and maternal psychological outcomes. NST is a common prenatal assessment, and some pregnant women may experience anxiety or negative emotions during the procedure. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pregnancy, Maternal Anxiety, Fetal Well-Being
- What is being tested?
- Music Listening During NST
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2023to 30 Apr 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Pregnant women attending the NST unit during the study period
- Aged 18 years or older
- Volunteered to participate and provided written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Inability to read and write Turkish
- Hearing impairment or mental health conditions limiting participation
- Multiple pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
State University Hospital, Obstetrics Clinic, NST Unit, Istanbul
Istanbul, Istanbul, 34010
About this study
Official title: Effects of Music Listening During Non-Stress Test Monitoring on Fetal Parameters, Maternal Anxiety, Loneliness, and Positive-Negative Affect: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This study evaluated whether listening to music during routine non-stress test (NST) monitoring affects fetal parameters and maternal psychological outcomes. NST is a common prenatal assessment, and some pregnant women may experience anxiety or negative emotions during the procedure. Music listening is a non-pharmacological approach that may improve emotional well-being and potentially influence fetal responses.
In this randomized controlled trial, pregnant women who attended an NST unit were assigned either to a music group that listened to music through headphones during NST monitoring or to a control group that received routine NST monitoring without music. Fetal parameters were assessed from NST recordings. Maternal anxiety, loneliness, and positive-negative affect were measured before and after the NST using validated questionnaires.
The results of this study aim to inform supportive prenatal care practices and evaluate whether music listening can be used as a simple intervention during NST monitoring.
- Conditions
- Pregnancy, Maternal Anxiety, Fetal Well-Being
- Being tested
- Music Listening During NST
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Music Listening During NSTBehavioural
Participants listened to music through headphones during routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes. The volume was adjusted according to participant preference.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Music Listening During NST | Experimental | Participants listened to music through headphones during routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes. The volume was adjusted according to participant preference. Receives: Behavioral: Music Listening During NST |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants received routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes without music. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maternal State Anxiety
Change in maternal anxiety measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Form (STAI-S).
Scores range from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
Measured: Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Loneliness (Social and Emotional Loneliness)
Change in loneliness measured using the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults - Short Form (SELSA-S).
Total scores range from 15 to 105; higher scores indicate greater loneliness.
Measured: Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)
Positive and Negative Affect
Change in affect measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).
Each subscale ranges from 10 to 50; higher positive scores indicate more positive affect and higher negative scores indicate greater negative affect.
Measured: Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)
Fetal Heart Rate During NST
Fetal heart rate assessed from NST recordings during the monitoring session. Measured in beats per minute; normal patterns (120-140/min) indicate better fetal well-being.
Measured: During NST monitoring (same visit)
Fetal Movement Count During NST
Number of fetal movements recorded by the mother using the event marker during NST monitoring.
Higher counts indicate greater fetal activity.
Measured: During NST monitoring (same visit).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Feb 2026
- Study start1 Jan 2023
- Primary completion30 Apr 2023
- Study completion30 Apr 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for PregnancyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Biruni UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Biruni University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nilgun Avci, Biruni University
- Investigators
- NİLGUN AVCI, Principal investigator, Biruni University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07414641
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Music Listening During NST
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 17 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Music Listening During Non-Stress Test Monitoring on Fetal Parameters, Maternal Anxiety, Loneliness, and Positive-Negative Affect: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07414641
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Music Listening During NST
- Conditions
- Pregnancy, Maternal Anxiety, Fetal Well-Being
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Biruni UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Apr 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluated whether listening to music during routine non-stress test (NST) monitoring affects fetal parameters and maternal psychological outcomes. NST is a common prenatal assessment, and some pregnant women may experience anxiety or negative emotions during the procedure. Music listening is a non-pharmacological approach that may improve emotional well-being and potentially influence fetal responses.
In this randomized controlled trial, pregnant women who attended an NST unit were assigned either to a music group that listened to music through headphones during NST monitoring or to a control group that received routine NST monitoring without music. Fetal parameters were assessed from NST recordings. Maternal anxiety, loneliness, and positive-negative affect were measured before and after the NST using validated questionnaires.
The results of this study aim to inform supportive prenatal care practices and evaluate whether music listening can be used as a simple intervention during NST monitoring.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Music Listening During NST | Experimental | Behavioral: Music Listening During NSTParticipants listened to music through headphones during routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes. The volume was adjusted according to participant preference. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants received routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes without music. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Pregnant women attending the NST unit during the study period
- Aged 18 years or older
- Volunteered to participate and provided written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Inability to read and write Turkish
- Hearing impairment or mental health conditions limiting participation
- Multiple pregnancy
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Music Listening During NSTParticipants listened to music through headphones during routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes. The volume was adjusted according to participant preference. | Behavioural | Music Listening During NST |
Primary outcome
Maternal State Anxiety
Time frame: Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)
Change in maternal anxiety measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Form (STAI-S). Scores range from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
4 secondary outcomes
Loneliness (Social and Emotional Loneliness)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)
Positive and Negative Affect
Time frame: Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)
Fetal Heart Rate During NST
Time frame: During NST monitoring (same visit)
Fetal Movement Count During NST
Time frame: During NST monitoring (same visit).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Feb 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
NİLGUN AVCI principal investigator
Biruni University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Music Listening During NST in people with Pregnancy and Maternal Anxiety, run by Biruni University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maternal State Anxiety (time frame: Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Feb 2026.