Nonspecific Chronic Low Back PainNCT07415538
Effects of Mulligan SNAG in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
A study testing Conventional Physiotherap and Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG in people with Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain and Pain, run by Biruni University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effects of Mulligan SNAG added to conventional physiotherapy with conventional physiotherapy alone and sham SNAG on pain, function, proprioception, and functional performance in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain, Pain, Manuel Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Conventional Physiotherap and Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 5 Jan 2026to 20 Feb 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged between 18 and 65 years
- Presence of chronic nonspecific low back pain lasting for at least 6 months
- No signs or symptoms of radicular pain or progressive neurological deficit
- No history of lumbar spine surgery
- No manual therapy, spinal injection, or structured physiotherapy program for low back pain within the last 3 months
- Ability to participate in a physiotherapy and exercise program
- Willingness to participate in the study and provision of written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Specific causes of low back pain (e.g., fracture, tumor, infection, inflammatory spinal disorders)
- Presence of radiculopathy or severe neurological impairment
- History of spinal surgery
- Pregnancy
- Severe balance, vestibular, or neurological disorders that may interfere with proprioception testing
- Any medical condition contraindicating physical therapy or manual therapy
- Participation in another clinical trial or receiving concurrent treatment for low back pain during the intervention period
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Biruni University
Istanbul, Zeytinburnu, 34015
About this study
Official title: Effects of Mulligan SNAG Compared With Conventional and Sham Therapy in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effects of Mulligan SNAG added to conventional physiotherapy with conventional physiotherapy alone and sham SNAG on pain, function, proprioception, and functional performance in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
- Being tested
- Conventional Physiotherap, Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG, Conventional Physiotherapy + Sham SNAG
- Medical subject headings
- Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Conventional PhysiotherapOther
Participants in this arm received a standardized conventional physiotherapy program consisting of electrotherapy, thermal modalities, stretching exercises, and core stabilization exercises. The program was administered three times per week for six weeks.
Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAGOther
Participants in this arm received the same conventional physiotherapy program as the control group, combined with Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) techniques applied to the lumbar spine. SNAG techniques were performed by a physiotherapist during active pain-free movements, three times per week for six weeks.
Conventional Physiotherapy + Sham SNAGOther
Participants in this arm received the standardized conventional physiotherapy program combined with sham SNAG applications. The sham procedure mimicked the positioning and therapist-patient interaction of the SNAG technique but without the application of therapeutic glide force. Interventions were administered three times per week for six weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Physiotherapy | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Conventional Physiotherap |
| Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG |
| Conventional Physiotherapy + Sham SNAG | Sham comparator | Not described Receives: Other: Conventional Physiotherapy + Sham SNAG |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain Intensity (VAS)
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-cm horizontal line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Participants will be asked to mark their perceived level of low back pain. Higher scores will indicate greater pain intensity.
Measured: 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (5)
Lumbar Proprioception (Joint Position Sense Error)
Lumbar proprioception will be assessed using a joint position sense (JPS) test. Participants will be asked to reproduce a predefined lumbar position, and the absolute difference between the target angle and the reproduced angle will be recorded as the repositioning error in degrees. Lower values will indicate better proprioceptive accuracy.
Measured: 6 weeks
Functional Performance (Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test)
Functional performance will be evaluated using the Five Times Sit-to-Stand (5xSTS) test. Participants will be instructed to stand up and sit down five times as quickly as possible from a standard chair without using their arms. The total time to complete the task will be recorded in seconds, with shorter times indicating better functional performance.
Measured: 6 weeks
Functional Disability (ODI)
Functional disability will be evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), which consists of 10 items assessing limitations related to low back pain. Each item is scored from 0 to 5, and the total score is expressed as a percentage, with higher scores indicating greater disability.
Measured: 6 weeks
Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia)
Kinesiophobia will be measured using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17), a 17-item self-reported questionnaire scored on a 4-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 17 to 68, with higher scores indicating greater fear of movement and re-injury.
Measured: 6 weeks
Global Rating of Change (GRC)
Perceived overall change will be assessed using the Global Rating of Change (GRC) scale. Participants will be asked to rate their overall change in condition compared with baseline on a Likert-type scale ranging from -7 (very much worse) to +7 (very much better). Higher positive scores will indicate greater perceived improvement.
Measured: At week 6 of the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Feb 2026
- Study start5 Jan 2026
- Primary completion13 Feb 2026
- Study completion20 Feb 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nonspecific Chronic Low Back PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Biruni UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Biruni University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Begum Kara Kaya, Biruni University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07415538
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- SNAG
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 2 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Mulligan SNAG Compared With Conventional and Sham Therapy in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07415538
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SNAG
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Biruni UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 13 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Feb 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effects of Mulligan SNAG added to conventional physiotherapy with conventional physiotherapy alone and sham SNAG on pain, function, proprioception, and functional performance in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Physiotherapy | Experimental | Other: Conventional Physiotherap |
| Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG | Experimental | Other: Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG |
| Conventional Physiotherapy + Sham SNAG | Sham comparator | Other: Conventional Physiotherapy + Sham SNAG |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Adults aged between 18 and 65 years
- Presence of chronic nonspecific low back pain lasting for at least 6 months
- No signs or symptoms of radicular pain or progressive neurological deficit
- No history of lumbar spine surgery
- No manual therapy, spinal injection, or structured physiotherapy program for low back pain within the last 3 months
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Specific causes of low back pain (e.g., fracture, tumor, infection, inflammatory spinal disorders)
- Presence of radiculopathy or severe neurological impairment
- History of spinal surgery
- Pregnancy
- Severe balance, vestibular, or neurological disorders that may interfere with proprioception testing
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional PhysiotherapParticipants in this arm received a standardized conventional physiotherapy program consisting of electrotherapy, thermal modalities, stretching exercises, and core stabilization exercises. The program was administered three times per week for six weeks. | Other | Conventional Physiotherapy |
| Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAGParticipants in this arm received the same conventional physiotherapy program as the control group, combined with Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) techniques applied to the lumbar spine. SNAG techniques were performed by a physiotherapist during active pain-free movements, three times per week for six weeks. | Other | Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG |
| Conventional Physiotherapy + Sham SNAGParticipants in this arm received the standardized conventional physiotherapy program combined with sham SNAG applications. The sham procedure mimicked the positioning and therapist-patient interaction of the SNAG technique but without the application of therapeutic glide force. Interventions were administered three times per week for six weeks. | Other | Conventional Physiotherapy + Sham SNAG |
Primary outcome
Pain Intensity (VAS)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-cm horizontal line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Participants will be asked to mark their perceived level of low back pain. Higher scores will indicate greater pain intensity.
5 secondary outcomes
Lumbar Proprioception (Joint Position Sense Error)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Functional Performance (Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Functional Disability (ODI)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Global Rating of Change (GRC)
Time frame: At week 6 of the intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Mar 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Conventional Physiotherap and Conventional Physiotherapy + Mulligan SNAG in people with Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain and Pain, run by Biruni University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain Intensity (VAS) (time frame: 6 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Mar 2026.