Sports Physical TherapyNCT07440823
Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Versus Concentric Training in Fast Bowlers
A study testing Accentuated Eccentric Training, Handled dynamometer and Concentric Training in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Fast bowlers in cricket rely heavily on upper arm muscle strength, power, and endurance to deliver high-speed balls and prevent injury. Two primary training approaches, accentuated eccentric and concentric training, are widely used to enhance these physical attributes. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Accentuated Eccentric Training, Handled dynamometer and Concentric Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 21 Mar 2025to 2 Nov 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male fast bowlers age 18-30 years (17)
- Bowlers having 2 years' experience of bowling (18)
- Participants should actively playing or training in fast bowling (19).
- Participants BMI must be between 18.5 and 25.5 Kg/m2 (20)
Who cannot join
- Participants with any or chronic injury to the upper limbs, shoulder or back.
- Those who have undergone upper limb surgery within 12 months
- Participants involved any other concentric or strength training program.
- Participants with known cardiovascular or respiratory conditions will be excluded.
- Participants using performance enhancing substances will be excluded
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Dring Stadium Bahawalpur
Chak Eighty-seven -Twelve Left, Punjab Province, 63100
About this study
Official title: Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Versus Concentric Training on Upper Arm Muscle Girth, Strength and Power in Fast Bowlers
Fast bowlers in cricket rely heavily on upper arm muscle strength, power, and endurance to deliver high-speed balls and prevent injury. Two primary training approaches, accentuated eccentric and concentric training, are widely used to enhance these physical attributes. Accentuated eccentric training focuses on the muscle-lengthening phase under increased loads, while concentric training emphasizes the muscle-shortening phase. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of these two training approaches on upper arm muscle girth, strength, and power, providing evidence-based guidance for optimizing fast bowlers' strength and conditioning programs.
This randomized clinical trial will investigate the effects of accentuated eccentric versus concentric training on upper arm muscle girth, strength, and power in 44 male fast bowlers aged 18-30 years, who have at least two years of bowling experience. Participants will be randomly assigned in to two groups: Group A, which will undergo an accentuated eccentric training program, and Group B, which will perform concentric-focused training. Both groups will participate in a structured 8-week training regimen with sessions three times per week. Baseline measurements for muscle girth, (measuring tape) strength, (via handheld dynamometer), and power, (measured by medicine ball throw) will be collected and compared with post-intervention assessments. Data will be analyzed using SPSS 26 software
Read the detailed description
Design: Randomized clinical trials(RCT) Sample Size: will be calculated by using G-power/epi tool Sampling Technique: convienent and non- probability sampling Study Setting: The study will be conducted at a sports training facility PCB lahore Inclusion Criteria
- Male fast bowlers aged 18-30
- At least 2 years of bowling experience Exclusion Criteria
- Participants with any upper body musculoskeletal injuries within the last 6 months
- History of any chronic illness affecting physical performance
- Previously activily involved in eccentric or concentric training in the past year Tools
The primary tools for data collection will include:
Muscle girth measurement: Measuring tape for arm girth. Strength measurement: squat with 1RM Power measurement: Medicine ball throw test to assess upper body power output
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- Accentuated Eccentric Training, Handled dynamometer, Concentric Training
- Keywords
- Accentuated eccentric training, Concentric training, Fast bowlers
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Accentuated Eccentric TrainingOther
This group will receive accentuated eccentric exercise training program
Handled dynamometerOther
A handheld dynamometer is a portable device used to measure muscle strength and force output. Commonly utilized in rehabilitation and sports science, it provides objective assessments of muscular strength in various body parts. By applying force against the dynamometer, clinicians can quantify strength levels accurately, track progress, and tailor training programs effectively
Concentric TrainingOther
This group will receive concentric exercise training program
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | This group will receive accentuated eccentric exercise training program Receives: Other: Accentuated Eccentric Training; Other: Handled dynamometer |
| Group B | Experimental | This group will receive concentric exercise training program Receives: Other: Handled dynamometer; Other: Concentric Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Measuring tape
A measuring tape is a flexible tool used to measure the circumference of body parts, commonly used in physical fitness, sports, and medical assessments. It is an ideal instrument for measuring muscle girth, such as the biceps, triceps, and other body areas, due to its flexibility and ease of use. Measuring tape provides accurate, reliable circumference measurements, enabling the assessment of muscle hypertrophy or body composition changes over time. It provides a direct measure of the circumference of the biceps and triceps at specified points (e.g., midway between the shoulder and elbow)
Measured: 8 weeks
Handled dynamometer
A handheld dynamometer is a portable device used to measure muscle strength and force output. Commonly utilized in rehabilitation and sports science, it provides objective assessments of muscular strength in various body parts. By applying force against the dynamometer, clinicians can quantify strength levels accurately, track progress, and tailor training programs effectively
Measured: 8 weeks
Medicine ball throw
The medicine ball throw is a dynamic test used to assess upper body power, specifically targeting the shoulders, chest, triceps, and core muscles. In this test, participants throw a weighted medicine ball (typically 3-5 kg) as far as possible from a standing or seated position. The throw is executed with an explosive pushing motion, similar to a chest pass in basketball, and the distance covered by the ball is measured. For male cricket players, excellent scores 6.0 meters, above-average scores range from 5.0 to 6.0 meters, average scores are between 4.0 and 5.0 meters, and below-average scores fall under 4.0 meters
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Feb 2026
- Study start21 Mar 2025
- Primary completion2 Oct 2025
- Study completion2 Nov 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Zainab Dilshad, MS-SPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07440823
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/24/0488
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 27 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Drury B, Clarke H, Moran J, Fernandes JFT, Henry G, Behm DG. Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: A Survey of Perceptions and Current Practices by Strength and Conditioning Coaches. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 Feb 18;6(1):21. doi: 10.3390/jfmk6010021.
PubMed 33670687Drury B, Ratel S, Clark CCT, Fernandes JFT, Moran J, Behm DG. Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Nov 28;4(4):70. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4040070.
PubMed 33467385Pote L, Christie CJ. Strength and Conditioning Practices of University and High School Level Cricket Coaches: A South African Context. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Dec;30(12):3464-3470. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001432.
PubMed 27075640Moeskops S, Oliver JL, Read PJ, Haff GG, Myer GD, Lloyd RS. Effects of a 10-Month Neuromuscular Training Program on Strength, Power, Speed, and Vault Performance in Young Female Gymnasts. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 May 1;54(5):861-871. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002862. Epub 2022 Jan 24.
PubMed 35072661Constable M, Wundersitz D, Bini R, Kingsley M. Quantification of the demands of cricket bowling and the relationship to injury risk: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Sep 10;13(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00335-8.
PubMed 34507613
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Versus Concentric Training on Upper Arm Muscle Girth, Strength and Power in Fast Bowlers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07440823
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/24/0488
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Accentuated eccentric training, Concentric training, Fast bowlers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 21 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 Nov 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Fast bowlers in cricket rely heavily on upper arm muscle strength, power, and endurance to deliver high-speed balls and prevent injury. Two primary training approaches, accentuated eccentric and concentric training, are widely used to enhance these physical attributes. Accentuated eccentric training focuses on the muscle-lengthening phase under increased loads, while concentric training emphasizes the muscle-shortening phase. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of these two training approaches on upper arm muscle girth, strength, and power, providing evidence-based guidance for optimizing fast bowlers' strength and conditioning programs.
This randomized clinical trial will investigate the effects of accentuated eccentric versus concentric training on upper arm muscle girth, strength, and power in 44 male fast bowlers aged 18-30 years, who have at least two years of bowling experience. Participants will be randomly assigned in to two groups: Group A, which will undergo an accentuated eccentric training program, and Group B, which will perform concentric-focused training. Both groups will participate in a structured 8-week training regimen with sessions three times per week. Baseline measurements for muscle girth, (measuring tape) strength, (via handheld dynamometer), and power, (measured by medicine ball throw) will be collected and compared with post-intervention assessments. Data will be analyzed using SPSS 26 software
Detailed description
Design: Randomized clinical trials(RCT) Sample Size: will be calculated by using G-power/epi tool Sampling Technique: convienent and non- probability sampling Study Setting: The study will be conducted at a sports training facility PCB lahore Inclusion Criteria
- Male fast bowlers aged 18-30
- At least 2 years of bowling experience Exclusion Criteria
- Participants with any upper body musculoskeletal injuries within the last 6 months
- History of any chronic illness affecting physical performance
- Previously activily involved in eccentric or concentric training in the past year Tools
The primary tools for data collection will include:
Muscle girth measurement: Measuring tape for arm girth. Strength measurement: squat with 1RM Power measurement: Medicine ball throw test to assess upper body power output
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | Other: Accentuated Eccentric Training, Other: Handled dynamometerThis group will receive accentuated eccentric exercise training program |
| Group B | Experimental | Other: Handled dynamometer, Other: Concentric TrainingThis group will receive concentric exercise training program |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Male fast bowlers age 18-30 years (17)
- Bowlers having 2 years' experience of bowling (18)
- Participants should actively playing or training in fast bowling (19).
- Participants BMI must be between 18.5 and 25.5 Kg/m2 (20)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participants with any or chronic injury to the upper limbs, shoulder or back.
- Those who have undergone upper limb surgery within 12 months
- Participants involved any other concentric or strength training program.
- Participants with known cardiovascular or respiratory conditions will be excluded.
- Participants using performance enhancing substances will be excluded
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Accentuated Eccentric TrainingThis group will receive accentuated eccentric exercise training program | Other | Group A |
| Handled dynamometerA handheld dynamometer is a portable device used to measure muscle strength and force output. Commonly utilized in rehabilitation and sports science, it provides objective assessments of muscular strength in various body parts. By applying force against the dynamometer, clinicians can quantify strength levels accurately, track progress, and tailor training programs effectively | Other | Group A, Group B |
| Concentric TrainingThis group will receive concentric exercise training program | Other | Group B |
Primary outcome
Measuring tape
Time frame: 8 weeks
A measuring tape is a flexible tool used to measure the circumference of body parts, commonly used in physical fitness, sports, and medical assessments. It is an ideal instrument for measuring muscle girth, such as the biceps, triceps, and other body areas, due to its flexibility and ease of use. Measuring tape provides accurate, reliable circumference measurements, enabling the assessment of muscle hypertrophy or body composition changes over time. It provides a direct measure of the circumference of the biceps and triceps at specified points (e.g., midway between the shoulder and elbow)
Handled dynamometer
Time frame: 8 weeks
A handheld dynamometer is a portable device used to measure muscle strength and force output. Commonly utilized in rehabilitation and sports science, it provides objective assessments of muscular strength in various body parts. By applying force against the dynamometer, clinicians can quantify strength levels accurately, track progress, and tailor training programs effectively
Medicine ball throw
Time frame: 8 weeks
The medicine ball throw is a dynamic test used to assess upper body power, specifically targeting the shoulders, chest, triceps, and core muscles. In this test, participants throw a weighted medicine ball (typically 3-5 kg) as far as possible from a standing or seated position. The throw is executed with an explosive pushing motion, similar to a chest pass in basketball, and the distance covered by the ball is measured. For male cricket players, excellent scores 6.0 meters, above-average scores range from 5.0 to 6.0 meters, average scores are between 4.0 and 5.0 meters, and below-average scores fall under 4.0 meters
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Feb 2026.
- Background: PubMed 33670687Drury B, Clarke H, Moran J, Fernandes JFT, Henry G, Behm DG. Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: A Survey of Perceptions and Current Practices by Strength and Conditioning Coaches. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 Feb 18;6(1):21. doi: 10.3390/jfmk6010021.
- Background: PubMed 33467385Drury B, Ratel S, Clark CCT, Fernandes JFT, Moran J, Behm DG. Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Nov 28;4(4):70. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4040070.
- Background: PubMed 27075640Pote L, Christie CJ. Strength and Conditioning Practices of University and High School Level Cricket Coaches: A South African Context. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Dec;30(12):3464-3470. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001432.
- Background: PubMed 35072661Moeskops S, Oliver JL, Read PJ, Haff GG, Myer GD, Lloyd RS. Effects of a 10-Month Neuromuscular Training Program on Strength, Power, Speed, and Vault Performance in Young Female Gymnasts. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 May 1;54(5):861-871. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002862. Epub 2022 Jan 24.
- Background: PubMed 34507613Constable M, Wundersitz D, Bini R, Kingsley M. Quantification of the demands of cricket bowling and the relationship to injury risk: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Sep 10;13(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00335-8.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Zainab Dilshad, MS-SPT principal investigator
Riphah International
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Accentuated Eccentric Training, Handled dynamometer and Concentric Training in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Measuring tape (time frame: 8 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07440823, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Feb 2026.