Sports PerformanceBAD-2D-SMASHNCT07442695
2D Key-Event Joint Angles Across Phases of the Badminton Overhead Smash in Elite Colombian Players
An observational study of Sports Performance and Biomechanics, run by Federal University of Vicosa at 1 site in Colombia.
Trial summary
Phase-based descriptions of the badminton overhead smash can support coach-relevant feedback when laboratory motion capture is impractical. This cross-sectional exploratory case series characterises dominant-side, two-dimensional key-event joint-angle configurations (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow) across five phases… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Performance, Biomechanics, Video Information
- How many people
- 4 participants
- Where
- 1 siteColombia
- Study dates
- 12 Feb 2025to 13 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: High-performance adult badminton players from the Antioquia Badminton League (Colombia) with extensive competitive experience, assessed in a single session to describe 2D phase-based overhead smash joint-angle configurations.
Who may be able to join
- 5 years of organised badminton experience
- Current Antioquia Badminton League affiliation
- Competitive participation in ≥5 federated tournaments
- Previous selection to a representative team at least at national level
- Able to execute maximal-effort overhead smashes on the testing day
Who cannot join
- Pain or musculoskeletal complaints affecting upper limb, trunk, or lower limb on the testing day
- Any condition preventing maximal-effort overhead smashes
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Preliminary Dominant-side 2D Key-event Joint-angle Descriptors Across Five Phases of the Badminton Overhead Smash in Elite Colombian Players: a Cross-sectional Exploratory Case Series
Phase-based descriptions of the badminton overhead smash can support coach-relevant feedback when laboratory motion capture is impractical. This cross-sectional exploratory case series characterises dominant-side, two-dimensional key-event joint-angle configurations (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow) across five phases (preparation, start, acceleration, impact, termination) in elite Colombian players from the Antioquia Badminton League. Athletes performed three maximal-effort smashes; one trial per athlete was selected for analysis using pre-defined visibility criteria, and one key-event frame per phase was digitised in Kinovea. Outcomes are descriptive phase-specific angle values and between-athlete dispersion metrics. The study is retrospectively registered for transparency.
Read the detailed description
Badminton overhead smash performance depends on coordinated whole-body contributions and is often judged qualitatively in applied settings. This study provides a field-based, minimal-equipment description of dominant-side planar joint-angle configurations across five technical phases of the overhead smash using a single lateral high-speed camera. Five elite athletes (men n=4; woman n=1) from the Antioquia Badminton League were recorded at 240 frames·s-¹ during maximal-effort smashes. Phases were defined as preparation (F1), start (F2), acceleration (F3), impact (F4), and termination (F5), with one key-event frame selected per phase. Knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow internal angles were extracted via three-point definitions in Kinovea. Data are reported descriptively (male subgroup as mean±SD and CV%; female case descriptively). The intention is to offer coach-interpretable phase references and to identify phases with higher inter-individual dispersion.
- Conditions
- Sports Performance, Biomechanics, Video Information
- Keywords
- badminton, overhead smash, 2D video analysis, joint angles, technique variability
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Elite badminton players (Antioquia) | Elite badminton athletes from the Antioquia Badminton League (Colombia), aged ≥18 years, with >5 years of organised experience, competitive participation in ≥5 federated tournaments, and previous selection to at least national representative level. Participants completed a single testing session involving three maximal-effort overhead smashes recorded with a single lateral high-speed camera for 2D phase-based joint-angle extraction; no interventions were assigned. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
2D sagittal-plane joint angles at key events during the smash (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow)
Internal joint angles (degrees) for the knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow computed using three-point (planar) definitions at five pre-defined key-event frames (F1-F5) spanning the smash phases. Angles will be extracted from lateral high-speed video after landmark digitisation in Kinovea using pre-specified anatomical landmarks and segment definitions. Data will be reported as mean (SD) for each joint and key-event frame; larger values indicate more extended joint configurations.
Measured: Baseline (Visit 1; up to 30 minutes)
Secondary outcomes (1)
Between-participant variability (SD and CV%) of 2D sagittal-plane joint angles by key-event frame and joint
Between-participant dispersion of the 2D sagittal-plane joint angles (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow) at each pre-defined key-event frame (F1-F5). Variability will be summarized as (i) standard deviation (SD, degrees) and (ii) coefficient of variation (CV%, 100×SD/mean) across participants for each joint × key-event frame. Variability will be reported for the overall sample and, if applicable, stratified by sex as a pre-specified exploratory analysis.
Measured: Baseline (Visit 1; up to 30 minutes)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Mar 2026
- Study start12 Feb 2025
- Primary completion13 Feb 2025
- Study completion13 Feb 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Sports PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 4 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Federal University of Vicosa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya, Federal University of Vicosa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07442695
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Badminton-TdeA
- Acronym
- BAD-2D-SMASH
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 2 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared publicly because the sample is very small and drawn from an identifiable elite sports environment, meaning that de-identified records could still be re-identified when combined with contextual information. In addition, the source materials include video-derived measures, and participant consent was obtained for analysis and publication of aggregated results rather than unrestricted public release of participant-level data. Summary statistics and methodological details are reported in the publication; additional details may be considered on a case-by-case basis under a data-use agreement and ethics constraints.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Preliminary Dominant-side 2D Key-event Joint-angle Descriptors Across Five Phases of the Badminton Overhead Smash in Elite Colombian Players: a Cross-sectional Exploratory Case Series
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07442695
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BAD-2D-SMASH / Badminton-TdeA
- Conditions
- Sports Performance, Biomechanics, Video Information
- Keywords
- badminton, overhead smash, 2D video analysis, joint angles, technique variability
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 4 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Federal University of VicosaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 13 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 13 Feb 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Phase-based descriptions of the badminton overhead smash can support coach-relevant feedback when laboratory motion capture is impractical. This cross-sectional exploratory case series characterises dominant-side, two-dimensional key-event joint-angle configurations (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow) across five phases (preparation, start, acceleration, impact, termination) in elite Colombian players from the Antioquia Badminton League. Athletes performed three maximal-effort smashes; one trial per athlete was selected for analysis using pre-defined visibility criteria, and one key-event frame per phase was digitised in Kinovea. Outcomes are descriptive phase-specific angle values and between-athlete dispersion metrics. The study is retrospectively registered for transparency.
Detailed description
Badminton overhead smash performance depends on coordinated whole-body contributions and is often judged qualitatively in applied settings. This study provides a field-based, minimal-equipment description of dominant-side planar joint-angle configurations across five technical phases of the overhead smash using a single lateral high-speed camera. Five elite athletes (men n=4; woman n=1) from the Antioquia Badminton League were recorded at 240 frames·s-¹ during maximal-effort smashes. Phases were defined as preparation (F1), start (F2), acceleration (F3), impact (F4), and termination (F5), with one key-event frame selected per phase. Knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow internal angles were extracted via three-point definitions in Kinovea. Data are reported descriptively (male subgroup as mean±SD and CV%; female case descriptively). The intention is to offer coach-interpretable phase references and to identify phases with higher inter-individual dispersion.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Elite badminton players (Antioquia) | – | –Elite badminton athletes from the Antioquia Badminton League (Colombia), aged ≥18 years, with >5 years of organised experience, competitive participation in ≥5 federated tournaments, and previous selection to at least national representative level. Participants completed a single testing session involving three maximal-effort overhead smashes recorded with a single lateral high-speed camera for 2D phase-based joint-angle extraction; no interventions were assigned. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- High-performance adult badminton players from the Antioquia Badminton League (Colombia) with extensive competitive experience, assessed in a single session to describe 2D phase-based overhead smash joint-angle configurations.
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- 5 years of organised badminton experience
- Current Antioquia Badminton League affiliation
- Competitive participation in ≥5 federated tournaments
- Previous selection to a representative team at least at national level
- Able to execute maximal-effort overhead smashes on the testing day
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Pain or musculoskeletal complaints affecting upper limb, trunk, or lower limb on the testing day
- Any condition preventing maximal-effort overhead smashes
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
2D sagittal-plane joint angles at key events during the smash (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow)
Time frame: Baseline (Visit 1; up to 30 minutes)
Internal joint angles (degrees) for the knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow computed using three-point (planar) definitions at five pre-defined key-event frames (F1-F5) spanning the smash phases. Angles will be extracted from lateral high-speed video after landmark digitisation in Kinovea using pre-specified anatomical landmarks and segment definitions. Data will be reported as mean (SD) for each joint and key-event frame; larger values indicate more extended joint configurations.
1 secondary outcome
Between-participant variability (SD and CV%) of 2D sagittal-plane joint angles by key-event frame and joint
Time frame: Baseline (Visit 1; up to 30 minutes)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Mar 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared publicly because the sample is very small and drawn from an identifiable elite sports environment, meaning that de-identified records could still be re-identified when combined with contextual information. In addition, the source materials include video-derived measures, and participant consent was obtained for analysis and publication of aggregated results rather than unrestricted public release of participant-level data. Summary statistics and methodological details are reported in the publication; additional details may be considered on a case-by-case basis under a data-use agreement and ethics constraints.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Sports Performance and Biomechanics, run by Federal University of Vicosa at 1 site in Colombia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Colombia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
2D sagittal-plane joint angles at key events during the smash (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow) (time frame: Baseline (Visit 1; up to 30 minutes)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Mar 2026.