Older Adults (60 - 85 Years Old)NCT07459153
Multiple Breathing Training on Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Older Adults
A study testing Multiple breathing training in people with Older Adults (60 - 85 Years Old), run by Chulalongkorn University at 1 site in Thailand.
Trial summary
This study were to investigate the effects of multiple breathing training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, chest expansion, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), aerobic capacity, and dyspnea symptoms in older adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 60 to 75 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Older Adults (60 - 85 Years Old)
- What is being tested?
- Multiple breathing training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 26 participants
- Where
- 1 siteThailand
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2025to 30 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 60 to 75 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Older adults aged 60-75 years, both male and female.
- Not regularly physically active (exercising fewer than 2 times per week) during the 6 months prior to the study.
- Cooperative, without communication problems, and able to follow instructions from the trainer.
- No history of cardiovascular disease and no respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc.
- No hypertension, or if diagnosed with hypertension, it must be well controlled, with resting blood pressure not exceeding 140 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic.
- Able to ambulate independently without assistance or assistive devices.
- Willing to participate in the study and able to provide written informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Any unforeseen events preventing continued participation in the study, such as injury from an accident or illness.
- Attendance of less than 80% of the training sessions (fewer than 19 out of 24 sessions, including the basic training period).
- Withdrawal of consent or unwillingness to continue participation in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Thailand1 site
Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok, Bangkok, 10330
About this study
Official title: Effects of Multiple Breathing Training on Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Older Adults
This study were to investigate the effects of multiple breathing training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, chest expansion, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), aerobic capacity, and dyspnea symptoms in older adults.
Read the detailed description
The study included 26 male and female older adults aged 60-75 years, who were divided into a control group (n = 13) that maintained usual daily activities and an experimental group (n = 13) that received multiple breathing training.
The independent variable was multiple breathing training. Dependent variables included lung function (FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, MVV), respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), chest expansion, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), aerobic capacity, and dyspnea assessment.
- Conditions
- Older Adults (60 - 85 Years Old)
- Being tested
- Multiple breathing training
- Keywords
- Multiple breathing training, Pulmonary function, Respiratory muscle strength, Chest Expansion, Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Multiple breathing trainingOther
The multiple breathing training program consisted of five structured breathing exercises designed to improve inspiratory muscle strength, expiratory muscle strength, and breath control. Each exercise was performed for three sets, and the total training duration was approximately 40 minutes per session.
The program included the following components:
Inspiratory Muscle Training (PowerBreathe device): Participants performed resisted inhalation to strengthen the inspiratory muscles (10 repetitions per set).
Expiratory Muscle Training (Balloon with control device): Participants exhaled into a balloon while maintaining pressure according to their measured maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (10 repetitions per set).
Inspiratory Training (Tri-Flow device): Participants inhaled through the device to elevate and maintain the floating balls, promoting sustained inspiratory effort (10 repetitions per set).
Expiratory Training (Windmill device): Participants exhaled to rotate the windmill, e
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple breathing training | Experimental | The multiple breathing training program consisted of five structured breathing exercises designed to improve inspiratory muscle strength, expiratory muscle strength, and breath control. Each exercise was performed for three sets, and the total training duration was approximately 40 minutes per session.
The program included the following components:
Inspiratory Muscle Training (PowerBreathe device): Participants performed resisted inhalation to strengthen the inspiratory muscles (10 repetitions per set).
Expiratory Muscle Training (Balloon with control device): Participants exhaled into a balloon while maintaining pressure according to their measured maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (10 repetitions per set).
Inspiratory Training (Tri-Flow device): Participants inhaled through the device to elevate and maintain the floating balls, promoting sustained inspiratory effort (10 repetitions per set).
Expiratory Training (Windmill device): Participants exhaled to rotate the windmill, Receives: Other: Multiple breathing training |
| Control group (Normal daily life) | No intervention | Not described |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Forced Vital Capacity; FVC
Participants were seated in a chair and wore a nasal clip during the assessment. They first performed three cycles of slow, normal breathing, followed by a demonstration of forced inspiration and expiration, and then returned to normal breathing.
Measured: Change from Baseline FVC at 8 weeks.
Forced Expiratory Volume in One second; FEV1
Participants were seated in a chair and wore a nasal clip during the assessment. They first performed three cycles of slow, normal breathing, followed by a demonstration of forced inspiration and expiration, and then returned to normal breathing.
Measured: Change from Baseline FEV1 at 8 weeks.
Maximum Voluntary Ventilation; MVV
Participants were instructed to breathe in and out as quickly and forcefully as possible for 15 seconds.
Measured: Change from Baseline MVV at 8 weeks.
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure; MIP
Participants were instructed to exhale fully to functional residual capacity (FRC), then place the mouthpiece securely and perform a maximal inspiratory effort sustained for 1-2 seconds.
Measured: Change from Baseline MIP at 8 weeks.
Maximal expiratory pressure; MEP
Participants inhaled fully to total lung capacity (TLC), maintained a tight seal on the mouthpiece, and then performed a maximal expiratory effort for 1-2 seconds.
Measured: Change from Baseline MEP at 8 weeks.
Secondary outcomes (4)
Chest expansion
Participants were instructed to sit upright with their hands placed on their hips. They were then asked to perform a maximal exhalation followed by a maximal inhalation. The researcher measured chest expansion using a measuring tape at the following anatomical levels: upper chest: at the axillary line, midway between the 2nd and 4th ribs, middle chest: at the level of the xiphoid process, midway between the 4th and 6th ribs, and lower chest: at the level of the 10th rib.
Measured: Change from Baseline Chest expansion at 8 weeks.
Fraction exhaled nitric oxide; FeNO
FeNO Monitor (BedFont, UK) was used to measure the FeNO. The participants inhaled deeply for 2 to 3 seconds before exhaling slowly, which normally took 10 seconds.
Measured: Change from Baseline FeNO at 8 weeks.
Six minutes walk test (6MWT)
They were instructed to walk back and forth along a 30-meter walkway for six minutes at their usual, comfortable pace. The researcher marked the course every 3 meters and placed traffic cones at the turning points. Heart rate was monitored during the test, and the level of perceived exertion was assessed every minute. The total distance walked in six minutes was recorded for analysis.
Measured: Change from Baseline 6MWT at 8 weeks.
The University of California, SanDiego Shorthess of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ)
Participants completed a six-item dyspnea questionnaire before and after the intervention. Each item was rated on a 0-5 scale, with a maximum total score of 30 points. Scores were interpreted as follows: 0-10 indicated no to mild breathlessness, 11-20 indicated mild to moderate breathlessness, and 21-30 indicated moderate to severe breathlessness.
Measured: Change from Baseline SOBQ at 8 weeks.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Mar 2026
- Study start1 Nov 2025
- Primary completion30 Mar 2026
- Study completion30 Mar 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Older Adults (60 - 85 Years Old)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Chulalongkorn University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Wannaporn Tongtako, Ph.D., Chulalongkorn University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07459153
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EX PHYSIO SPSC 13
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 4 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 8 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Jansang S, Mickleborough T, Suksom D. Effects of Pursed-Lip Breathing Exercise Using Windmill Toy on Lung Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in the Elderly. J Med Assoc Thai. 2016 Sep;99(9):1046-51.
PubMed 29927211Jun HJ, Kim KJ, Nam KW, Kim CH. Effects of breathing exercises on lung capacity and muscle activities of elderly smokers. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jun;28(6):1681-5. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1681. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
PubMed 27390394Gosselink R. Breathing techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chron Respir Dis. 2004;1(3):163-72. doi: 10.1191/1479972304cd020rs.
PubMed 16281658Chung Y, Huang TY, Liao YH, Kuo YC. 12-Week Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Respiratory Muscle Strength in Adult Patients with Stable Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 22;18(6):3267. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063267.
PubMed 33809922Hess A, Yu L, Klein I, De Mazancourt M, Jebrak G, Mal H, Brugiere O, Fournier M, Courbage M, Dauriat G, Schouman-Clayes E, Clerici C, Mangin L. Neural mechanisms underlying breathing complexity. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 3;8(10):e75740. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075740. eCollection 2013.
PubMed 24098396
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Multiple Breathing Training on Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Older Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07459153
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EX PHYSIO SPSC 13
- Conditions
- Older Adults (60 - 85 Years Old)
- Keywords
- Multiple breathing training, Pulmonary function, Respiratory muscle strength, Chest Expansion, Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Chulalongkorn UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Mar 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study were to investigate the effects of multiple breathing training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, chest expansion, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), aerobic capacity, and dyspnea symptoms in older adults.
Detailed description
The study included 26 male and female older adults aged 60-75 years, who were divided into a control group (n = 13) that maintained usual daily activities and an experimental group (n = 13) that received multiple breathing training.
The independent variable was multiple breathing training. Dependent variables included lung function (FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, MVV), respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), chest expansion, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), aerobic capacity, and dyspnea assessment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple breathing training | Experimental | Other: Multiple breathing trainingThe multiple breathing training program consisted of five structured breathing exercises designed to improve inspiratory muscle strength, expiratory muscle strength, and breath control. Each exercise was performed for three sets, and the total training duration was approximately 40 minutes per session. The program included the following components: Inspiratory Muscle Training (PowerBreathe device): Participants performed resisted inhalation to strengthen the inspiratory muscles (10 repetitions per set). Expiratory Muscle Training (Balloon with control device): Participants exhaled into a balloon while maintaining pressure according to their measured maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (10 repetitions per set). Inspiratory Training (Tri-Flow device): Participants inhaled through the device to elevate and maintain the floating balls, promoting sustained inspiratory effort (10 repetitions per set). Expiratory Training (Windmill device): Participants exhaled to rotate the windmill, |
| Control group (Normal daily life) | No intervention | – |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 60 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Older adults aged 60-75 years, both male and female.
- Not regularly physically active (exercising fewer than 2 times per week) during the 6 months prior to the study.
- Cooperative, without communication problems, and able to follow instructions from the trainer.
- No history of cardiovascular disease and no respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc.
- No hypertension, or if diagnosed with hypertension, it must be well controlled, with resting blood pressure not exceeding 140 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Any unforeseen events preventing continued participation in the study, such as injury from an accident or illness.
- Attendance of less than 80% of the training sessions (fewer than 19 out of 24 sessions, including the basic training period).
- Withdrawal of consent or unwillingness to continue participation in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple breathing trainingThe multiple breathing training program consisted of five structured breathing exercises designed to improve inspiratory muscle strength, expiratory muscle strength, and breath control. Each exercise was performed for three sets, and the total training duration was approximately 40 minutes per session. The program included the following components: Inspiratory Muscle Training (PowerBreathe device): Participants performed resisted inhalation to strengthen the inspiratory muscles (10 repetitions per set). Expiratory Muscle Training (Balloon with control device): Participants exhaled into a balloon while maintaining pressure according to their measured maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (10 repetitions per set). Inspiratory Training (Tri-Flow device): Participants inhaled through the device to elevate and maintain the floating balls, promoting sustained inspiratory effort (10 repetitions per set). Expiratory Training (Windmill device): Participants exhaled to rotate the windmill, e | Other | Multiple breathing training |
Primary outcome
Forced Vital Capacity; FVC
Time frame: Change from Baseline FVC at 8 weeks.
Participants were seated in a chair and wore a nasal clip during the assessment. They first performed three cycles of slow, normal breathing, followed by a demonstration of forced inspiration and expiration, and then returned to normal breathing.
Forced Expiratory Volume in One second; FEV1
Time frame: Change from Baseline FEV1 at 8 weeks.
Participants were seated in a chair and wore a nasal clip during the assessment. They first performed three cycles of slow, normal breathing, followed by a demonstration of forced inspiration and expiration, and then returned to normal breathing.
Maximum Voluntary Ventilation; MVV
Time frame: Change from Baseline MVV at 8 weeks.
Participants were instructed to breathe in and out as quickly and forcefully as possible for 15 seconds.
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure; MIP
Time frame: Change from Baseline MIP at 8 weeks.
Participants were instructed to exhale fully to functional residual capacity (FRC), then place the mouthpiece securely and perform a maximal inspiratory effort sustained for 1-2 seconds.
Maximal expiratory pressure; MEP
Time frame: Change from Baseline MEP at 8 weeks.
Participants inhaled fully to total lung capacity (TLC), maintained a tight seal on the mouthpiece, and then performed a maximal expiratory effort for 1-2 seconds.
4 secondary outcomes
Chest expansion
Time frame: Change from Baseline Chest expansion at 8 weeks.
Fraction exhaled nitric oxide; FeNO
Time frame: Change from Baseline FeNO at 8 weeks.
Six minutes walk test (6MWT)
Time frame: Change from Baseline 6MWT at 8 weeks.
The University of California, SanDiego Shorthess of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ)
Time frame: Change from Baseline SOBQ at 8 weeks.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Oct 2026.
- Background: PubMed 29927211Jansang S, Mickleborough T, Suksom D. Effects of Pursed-Lip Breathing Exercise Using Windmill Toy on Lung Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in the Elderly. J Med Assoc Thai. 2016 Sep;99(9):1046-51.
- Background: PubMed 27390394Jun HJ, Kim KJ, Nam KW, Kim CH. Effects of breathing exercises on lung capacity and muscle activities of elderly smokers. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jun;28(6):1681-5. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1681. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
- Background: PubMed 16281658Gosselink R. Breathing techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chron Respir Dis. 2004;1(3):163-72. doi: 10.1191/1479972304cd020rs.
- Background: PubMed 33809922Chung Y, Huang TY, Liao YH, Kuo YC. 12-Week Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Respiratory Muscle Strength in Adult Patients with Stable Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 22;18(6):3267. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063267.
- Background: PubMed 24098396Hess A, Yu L, Klein I, De Mazancourt M, Jebrak G, Mal H, Brugiere O, Fournier M, Courbage M, Dauriat G, Schouman-Clayes E, Clerici C, Mangin L. Neural mechanisms underlying breathing complexity. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 3;8(10):e75740. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075740. eCollection 2013.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Multiple breathing training in people with Older Adults (60 - 85 Years Old), run by Chulalongkorn University at 1 site in Thailand.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Thailand. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Forced Vital Capacity; FVC (time frame: Change from Baseline FVC at 8 weeks.). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07459153, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Oct 2026.