Diabetic Foot UlcerNCT07465640
Evaluating the Efficacy of Pulsating Electromagnetic Field Therapy by CRAD ULCER X-01 for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
A study testing Pulsating electromagnetic field in people with Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Diabetes Mellitus (DM), run by National Defence University of Malaysia at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a frequent complication of chronic, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). Treatment with antibiotics, daily dressing, wound debridement, and wound off-loading is often prescribed. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- What is being tested?
- Pulsating electromagnetic field
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2026to 1 Sep 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Provision of written consent by subjects.
- Subject of either sex.
- At least 18 years of age.
- Known diabetes mellitus.
- Diagnosed with chronic DFU Grade I-III and Stage A according to the University of Texas Classification as recommended in the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Foot (2nd Edition).
Who cannot join
- Inability or unwillingness to provide written consent.
- Inability or unwillingness to comply with the requirements of the protocol as determined by the investigator.
- Other medical conditions which, in the investigator's judgement, may be associated with increased risk to the subject or may interfere with study assessments or outcomes.
- Participation in another clinical trial and/or recipient of investigational therapy within 4 weeks prior to screening visit.
- Patients who have metal implants in any part of the body.
- Patients with a pacemaker.
Show all 9Show fewer
- History of malignancies.
- Presence of chronic kidney disease co-morbidity.
- Presence of severe peripheral artery disease, assessed when the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is <0.40.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Malaysia1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Tuanku Mizan Armed Forces Hospital
Kuala Lumpur, 57000
Muhammad Azwan Ibrahim Dr, +601132970402, azwan.ibrahim6189@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Evaluating the Efficacy of Pulsating Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the CRAD ULCER X-01 Device: A Randomised Parallel-Group Pilot Study
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a frequent complication of chronic, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). Treatment with antibiotics, daily dressing, wound debridement, and wound off-loading is often prescribed. However, many DFU patients still progress into severe outcomes, including non-healing of wounds, infections, necrosis, and osteomyelitis. Prior research has shown that the application of pulsating electromagnetic field (PEMF) could accelerate wound healing, including in those afflicted with DFUs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a locally developed CRAD ULCER X-01 device that uses the principles of PEMF in promoting DFU healing. Methods: A total of 32 patients with chronic, non-healing DFUs will be recruited from the Orthopaedic Clinic of Hospital Angkatan Tentera Tuanku Mizan and divided into control (C) (n=8) and treatment (T) (n=24) groups. All patients will receive a standard daily dressing. The PEMF will be supplemented for 1 hour/day, 2 hours/day, and 3 hours/day for T1, T2, and T3 subgroups, respectively (n=8 per group); whereas the C group will be controlled for placebo effect (device in-place but switched off). The therapy duration will be until the wound is closed or for a maximum period of three months. All patients will undergo wound assessment, wound edge tissue histology by haematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) staining, and immunohistology (for vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and fibroblast growth factor 2 [FGF-2] expression), as well as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and C-reactive protein (CRP) at preand post-treatment, along with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement only at post-treatment to control for confounder (i.e., glucose control for the past three months). This study hypothesizes that PEMF therapy by CRAD ULCER X-01 device will accelerate DFU healing and improve tissue integrity, with minimal systemic effects assessed via oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Conclusion: The results from this study will validate PEMF's effectiveness in promoting DFU healing and establish the potential use of locally developed CRAD ULCER X-01 devices as supplementary therapy to standard DFU care.
- Conditions
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Being tested
- Pulsating electromagnetic field
- Keywords
- pulsating electromagnetic field, wound healing, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetic foot ulcer, diabetes mellitus
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetic Foot, Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Pulsating electromagnetic fieldDevice
The intervention in this study is PEMF therapy using CRAD ULCER X-01, which will be given to chronic DFU patients alongside wound dressing. The device projects high-voltage, high-frequency, and low-current electrical stimulation to the DFU wounds. The device operates in a stationary state at the lower end of the hospital bed of patients who are being treated. This is because it depends solely on the wall socket power source (100/220/240V-AC, 50/60 HZ input Supply). The position of the machine would be adjusted and locked using the adapted roller stand in the proximity of the patient's foot. The elevation of the device would then be adjusted through the adapted mechanical arm, allowing the air channel to face the patient's foot while having a gap of 10-15 cm in between the patient's wound and the air beam (non-contact).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | Wound dressing only without PEMF |
| Treatment 1 | Experimental | PEMF 1 hour \& wound dressing Receives: Device: Pulsating electromagnetic field |
| Treatment 2 | Experimental | PEMF 2 hours \& wound dressing Receives: Device: Pulsating electromagnetic field |
| Treatment 3 | Experimental | PEMF 3 hours \& wound dressing Receives: Device: Pulsating electromagnetic field |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Rate of wound healing
Changes in wound size over the study duration
Measured: 3 months
Secondary outcomes (4)
Tissue histology
Appearance of wound tissue under haematoxylin and eosin staining.
Measured: 3 months
Tissue immunohistology
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the wound tissue.
Measured: 3 months
Oxidative stress marker
Levels of superoxide dismutase or other oxidative stress biomarkers in the serum
Measured: 3 months
Inflammatory marker
Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) or other inflammatory biomarkers in the serum
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Mar 2026
- Study start1 Jun 2026
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Sep 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabetic Foot UlcerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Defence University of Malaysia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07465640
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 31/2025
- Other IDs
- PKAT/JKEP/76-44
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 28 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Ministry of Health Malaysia (2018). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Diabetic Foot, 2nd Edition. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Sidhu AS, Harbuzova V. Emerging technologies for the management of diabetic foot ulceration: a review. Front Clin Diabetes Healthc. 2024 Nov 12;5:1440209. doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1440209. eCollection 2024.
PubMed 39600625Keyan Z, Liqian Z, Xinzhong X, Juehua J, Chungui X. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improved Peripheral Nerve Regeneration After Delayed Repair of One Month. Bioelectromagnetics. 2023 Oct-Dec;44(7-8):133-143. doi: 10.1002/bem.22443. Epub 2023 Jun 5.
PubMed 37277911Avendano-Coy J, Lopez-Munoz P, Serrano-Munoz D, Comino-Suarez N, Avendano-Lopez C, Martin-Espinosa N. Electrical microcurrent stimulation therapy for wound healing: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Tissue Viability. 2022 May;31(2):268-277. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.12.002. Epub 2021 Dec 4.
PubMed 34903470Tentolouris, A., Eleftheriadou, I., Samakidou, G., & Tentolouris, N. (2025). Developments in the management of diabetic foot ulcers (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 46.
Rabbani M, Rahman E, Powner MB, Triantis IF. Making Sense of Electrical Stimulation: A Meta-analysis for Wound Healing. Ann Biomed Eng. 2024 Feb;52(2):153-177. doi: 10.1007/s10439-023-03371-2. Epub 2023 Sep 24.
PubMed 37743460Cheah YJ, Buyong MR, Mohd Yunus MH. Wound Healing with Electrical Stimulation Technologies: A Review. Polymers (Basel). 2021 Nov 1;13(21):3790. doi: 10.3390/polym13213790.
PubMed 34771347Haesler, E. (2024). Electrical stimulation therapy for wound healing: a WHAM evidence summary. Wound Practice and Research, 32(3), 163-168.
Abd El Rasheed, N. A. (2017). Pulsed electromagnetic fields versus laser therapy on enhancing recovery of diabetic foot ulcer: A single blind randomized controlled trial. Biomedical Research, 28(19), 8509-8514.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluating the Efficacy of Pulsating Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the CRAD ULCER X-01 Device: A Randomised Parallel-Group Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07465640
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 31/2025
- Conditions
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Keywords
- pulsating electromagnetic field, wound healing, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetic foot ulcer, diabetes mellitus
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National Defence University of MalaysiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Sep 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 12 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a frequent complication of chronic, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). Treatment with antibiotics, daily dressing, wound debridement, and wound off-loading is often prescribed. However, many DFU patients still progress into severe outcomes, including non-healing of wounds, infections, necrosis, and osteomyelitis. Prior research has shown that the application of pulsating electromagnetic field (PEMF) could accelerate wound healing, including in those afflicted with DFUs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a locally developed CRAD ULCER X-01 device that uses the principles of PEMF in promoting DFU healing. Methods: A total of 32 patients with chronic, non-healing DFUs will be recruited from the Orthopaedic Clinic of Hospital Angkatan Tentera Tuanku Mizan and divided into control (C) (n=8) and treatment (T) (n=24) groups. All patients will receive a standard daily dressing. The PEMF will be supplemented for 1 hour/day, 2 hours/day, and 3 hours/day for T1, T2, and T3 subgroups, respectively (n=8 per group); whereas the C group will be controlled for placebo effect (device in-place but switched off). The therapy duration will be until the wound is closed or for a maximum period of three months. All patients will undergo wound assessment, wound edge tissue histology by haematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) staining, and immunohistology (for vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and fibroblast growth factor 2 [FGF-2] expression), as well as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and C-reactive protein (CRP) at preand post-treatment, along with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement only at post-treatment to control for confounder (i.e., glucose control for the past three months). This study hypothesizes that PEMF therapy by CRAD ULCER X-01 device will accelerate DFU healing and improve tissue integrity, with minimal systemic effects assessed via oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Conclusion: The results from this study will validate PEMF's effectiveness in promoting DFU healing and establish the potential use of locally developed CRAD ULCER X-01 devices as supplementary therapy to standard DFU care.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | –Wound dressing only without PEMF |
| Treatment 1 | Experimental | Device: Pulsating electromagnetic fieldPEMF 1 hour \& wound dressing |
| Treatment 2 | Experimental | Device: Pulsating electromagnetic fieldPEMF 2 hours \& wound dressing |
| Treatment 3 | Experimental | Device: Pulsating electromagnetic fieldPEMF 3 hours \& wound dressing |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Provision of written consent by subjects.
- Subject of either sex.
- At least 18 years of age.
- Known diabetes mellitus.
- Diagnosed with chronic DFU Grade I-III and Stage A according to the University of Texas Classification as recommended in the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Foot (2nd Edition).
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Inability or unwillingness to provide written consent.
- Inability or unwillingness to comply with the requirements of the protocol as determined by the investigator.
- Other medical conditions which, in the investigator's judgement, may be associated with increased risk to the subject or may interfere with study assessments or outcomes.
- Participation in another clinical trial and/or recipient of investigational therapy within 4 weeks prior to screening visit.
- Patients who have metal implants in any part of the body.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Pulsating electromagnetic fieldThe intervention in this study is PEMF therapy using CRAD ULCER X-01, which will be given to chronic DFU patients alongside wound dressing. The device projects high-voltage, high-frequency, and low-current electrical stimulation to the DFU wounds. The device operates in a stationary state at the lower end of the hospital bed of patients who are being treated. This is because it depends solely on the wall socket power source (100/220/240V-AC, 50/60 HZ input Supply). The position of the machine would be adjusted and locked using the adapted roller stand in the proximity of the patient's foot. The elevation of the device would then be adjusted through the adapted mechanical arm, allowing the air channel to face the patient's foot while having a gap of 10-15 cm in between the patient's wound and the air beam (non-contact). | Device | Treatment 1, Treatment 2, Treatment 3 |
Primary outcome
Rate of wound healing
Time frame: 3 months
Changes in wound size over the study duration
4 secondary outcomes
Tissue histology
Time frame: 3 months
Tissue immunohistology
Time frame: 3 months
Oxidative stress marker
Time frame: 3 months
Inflammatory marker
Time frame: 3 months
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jul 2026.
- BackgroundMinistry of Health Malaysia (2018). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Diabetic Foot, 2nd Edition. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
- Background: PubMed 39600625Sidhu AS, Harbuzova V. Emerging technologies for the management of diabetic foot ulceration: a review. Front Clin Diabetes Healthc. 2024 Nov 12;5:1440209. doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1440209. eCollection 2024.
- Background: PubMed 37277911Keyan Z, Liqian Z, Xinzhong X, Juehua J, Chungui X. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improved Peripheral Nerve Regeneration After Delayed Repair of One Month. Bioelectromagnetics. 2023 Oct-Dec;44(7-8):133-143. doi: 10.1002/bem.22443. Epub 2023 Jun 5.
- Background: PubMed 34903470Avendano-Coy J, Lopez-Munoz P, Serrano-Munoz D, Comino-Suarez N, Avendano-Lopez C, Martin-Espinosa N. Electrical microcurrent stimulation therapy for wound healing: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Tissue Viability. 2022 May;31(2):268-277. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.12.002. Epub 2021 Dec 4.
- BackgroundTentolouris, A., Eleftheriadou, I., Samakidou, G., & Tentolouris, N. (2025). Developments in the management of diabetic foot ulcers (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 46.
- Background: PubMed 37743460Rabbani M, Rahman E, Powner MB, Triantis IF. Making Sense of Electrical Stimulation: A Meta-analysis for Wound Healing. Ann Biomed Eng. 2024 Feb;52(2):153-177. doi: 10.1007/s10439-023-03371-2. Epub 2023 Sep 24.
- Background: PubMed 34771347Cheah YJ, Buyong MR, Mohd Yunus MH. Wound Healing with Electrical Stimulation Technologies: A Review. Polymers (Basel). 2021 Nov 1;13(21):3790. doi: 10.3390/polym13213790.
- BackgroundHaesler, E. (2024). Electrical stimulation therapy for wound healing: a WHAM evidence summary. Wound Practice and Research, 32(3), 163-168.
- BackgroundAbd El Rasheed, N. A. (2017). Pulsed electromagnetic fields versus laser therapy on enhancing recovery of diabetic foot ulcer: A single blind randomized controlled trial. Biomedical Research, 28(19), 8509-8514.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
Related trials for Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Recruiting
PAW-Hydrogel for Chronic Wound Healing
Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU), Pressure Ulcer (PU)
Active, not recruiting
Wearable Insoles for Recurrent Diabetic Ulcer Prevention
Diabetes, Peripheral Neuropathy
Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of Personalized Nutritional Intervention on Wound Healing of Cutaneous Ulcers in Diabetics
Foot, Diabetic
Not yet recruiting
Efficacy Evaluation of Turmeric-Derived Nanoparticle Hydrogel for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Wounds
Diabete Mellitus
Not yet recruiting
Better Care Closer to Home: Enhancing Primary and Community Care
Diabetic Foot Disease, Recurrence
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Pulsating electromagnetic field in people with Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Diabetes Mellitus (DM), run by National Defence University of Malaysia at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Khairul Anwar Zarkasi, MBBS, MMedSc., PhD (+60178870689, khairul.anwar@upnm.edu.my), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Rate of wound healing (time frame: 3 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07465640, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jul 2026.