Sports PerformanceNCT07481916
Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up in Combat Athletes
A study testing POWERbreathe in people with Sports Performance and Respiratory Muscle Function, run by Ondokuz Mayıs University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) on technical performance and physiological responses in combat athletes. A total of 20 volunteer athletes (10 males, 10 females), aged 15-22 years, registered with the Turkish Kickboxing and Muay Thai Federation, with at least two… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 22 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Performance, Respiratory Muscle Function, Cardiorespiratory Responses
- What is being tested?
- POWERbreathe
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2026to 1 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 22 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male and female combat athletes aged 15 to 22 years
- Registered with the Turkish Kickboxing and Muay Thai Federation
- Regularly engaged in training
- At least 2 years of licensed sports experience
- Having won medals at the national or international level
Who cannot join
- Presence of respiratory disease
- Presence of cardiopulmonary disease
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Samsun, Atakum, 55200
Özgür Bostancı, Prof. Dr., +90 5426936318, bostanci@omü.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Respiratory Muscle Warm-Up on Technical and Physiological Responses in Combat Athletes
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) on technical performance and physiological responses in combat athletes. A total of 20 volunteer athletes (10 males, 10 females), aged 15-22 years, registered with the Turkish Kickboxing and Muay Thai Federation, with at least two years of licensed sports experience and medal achievements at the national or international level, will be included in the study. The study will be conducted using a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover experimental design, in which participants will complete the control (general warm-up), placebo (15% MIP), and IMW (40% MIP) conditions in a random order.
In each session, before and after the warm-up, pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF), respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), heart rate, perceived exertion, and dyspnea levels will be assessed. In addition, athletes will perform the Kickboxing Fitness Test (KFT), and the same measurements will be repeated during the rest intervals of the test and immediately after its completion. The IMW protocol will be performed using a POWERbreathe device at 40% of MIP, consisting of 2 sets of 30 breaths. Furthermore, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) tests will be conducted to evaluate the athletes' general physiological capacity. This study is expected to provide original data for the field of sports sciences by demonstrating the potential contributions of inspiratory muscle warm-up to the improvement of technical skills and physiological capacity in combat athletes, and to generate practical scientific recommendations for coaches and athletes.
- Being tested
- POWERbreathe
- Keywords
- Inspiratory muscle warm-up, combat athletes
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
POWERbreatheDevice
Inspiratory muscle warm-up will be performed using a POWERbreathe device at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), consisting of 2 sets of 30 breaths before the test procedures.
POWERbreatheDevice
Participants will perform sham inspiratory muscle warm-up using a POWERbreathe device at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before the test procedures.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sham Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up | Sham comparator | Participants will perform sham inspiratory muscle warm-up using a POWERbreathe device set at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before the test procedures. Receives: Device: POWERbreathe |
| Standard Warm-Up Protocol | No intervention | Participants will complete only the sport-specific general warm-up protocol before the test procedures. |
| Inspiratory muscle warm-up | Experimental | Participants will perform inspiratory muscle warm-up using a POWERbreathe device set at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before the test procedures. Receives: Device: POWERbreathe |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Kickboxing Fitness Test performance
The Kickboxing Fitness Test is a valid and reliable field-based assessment designed to evaluate sport-specific technical skills and anaerobic performance in kickboxers.The test consists of 3 rounds of 2 minutes each, separated by 1 minute of passive recovery. In each round, athletes complete four 30-second technical sections involving punch and kick combinations, with 10 m running between stations, while aiming to perform each technique with maximal speed and accuracy.
Measured: Across 3 study days, measured immediately after each intervention session.
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
This is the maximum total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after taking the deepest possible breath in.
Measured: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
This is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs in the first second of a pulmonary function test.
Measured: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second to Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC)
This is the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC), used to assess airflow limitation during pulmonary function testing.
Measured: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
This is the highest flow rate achieved during a forceful expiration after taking the deepest possible breath in, used to reflect expiratory flow capacity.
Measured: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP)
This is the maximum pressure generated during a forceful inspiration against a closed airway, used to assess inspiratory muscle strength.
Measured: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP)
This is the maximum pressure generated during a forceful expiration against a closed airway, used to assess expiratory muscle strength.
Measured: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Heart Rate (HR)
This is the number of heart beats per minute, used to assess the cardiovascular response to exercise and recovery.
Measured: Across 3 study days, throughout the entire test session
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE)
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be measured to evaluate the participants' subjective perceptual responses. These measurements are used to assess the overall perception of physical strain in response to exercise. The level of perceived exertion will be assessed using the Category Ratio-10 (CR-10) scale, which was developed and modified by Foster et al. (2001) and includes ratings ranging from 0 to 10. This scale allows participants to rate the overall difficulty they experience during exercise from 0 (nothing at all) to 10 (maximal difficulty).
Measured: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Perceived Dyspnea
Perceived dyspnea will be assessed using the Category Ratio-10 (CR-10) scale, which enables participants to report their level of respiratory discomfort or breathing difficulty. Scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater breathing difficulty.
Measured: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Mar 2026
- Study start1 Jan 2026
- Primary completion15 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ondokuz Mayıs UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Participants will undergo control, placebo, and inspiratory muscle warm-up conditions in a randomized crossover order.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ondokuz Mayıs University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nazlıcan Toprak, Ondokuz Mayıs University
- Investigators
- Özgür Bostancı, Study director, University of ondokuz mayıs
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07481916
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- OMU KAEK 2025/446
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 23 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Cirino C, Gobatto CA, Pinto AS, Torres RS, Hartz CS, Azevedo PHSM, Moreno MA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Complex network model indicates a positive effect of inspiratory muscles pre-activation on performance parameters in a judo match. Sci Rep. 2021 May 27;11(1):11148. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90394-1.
PubMed 34045508Cirino C, Marostegan AB, Hartz CS, Moreno MA, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up on Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review. Biology (Basel). 2023 Feb 20;12(2):333. doi: 10.3390/biology12020333.
PubMed 36829608
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Respiratory Muscle Warm-Up on Technical and Physiological Responses in Combat Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07481916
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- OMU KAEK 2025/446
- Keywords
- Inspiratory muscle warm-up, combat athletes
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Ondokuz Mayıs UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 19 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) on technical performance and physiological responses in combat athletes. A total of 20 volunteer athletes (10 males, 10 females), aged 15-22 years, registered with the Turkish Kickboxing and Muay Thai Federation, with at least two years of licensed sports experience and medal achievements at the national or international level, will be included in the study. The study will be conducted using a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover experimental design, in which participants will complete the control (general warm-up), placebo (15% MIP), and IMW (40% MIP) conditions in a random order.
In each session, before and after the warm-up, pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF), respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), heart rate, perceived exertion, and dyspnea levels will be assessed. In addition, athletes will perform the Kickboxing Fitness Test (KFT), and the same measurements will be repeated during the rest intervals of the test and immediately after its completion. The IMW protocol will be performed using a POWERbreathe device at 40% of MIP, consisting of 2 sets of 30 breaths. Furthermore, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) tests will be conducted to evaluate the athletes' general physiological capacity. This study is expected to provide original data for the field of sports sciences by demonstrating the potential contributions of inspiratory muscle warm-up to the improvement of technical skills and physiological capacity in combat athletes, and to generate practical scientific recommendations for coaches and athletes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants will undergo control, placebo, and inspiratory muscle warm-up conditions in a randomized crossover order.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sham Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up | Sham comparator | Device: POWERbreatheParticipants will perform sham inspiratory muscle warm-up using a POWERbreathe device set at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before the test procedures. |
| Standard Warm-Up Protocol | No intervention | –Participants will complete only the sport-specific general warm-up protocol before the test procedures. |
| Inspiratory muscle warm-up | Experimental | Device: POWERbreatheParticipants will perform inspiratory muscle warm-up using a POWERbreathe device set at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before the test procedures. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 22 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Male and female combat athletes aged 15 to 22 years
- Registered with the Turkish Kickboxing and Muay Thai Federation
- Regularly engaged in training
- At least 2 years of licensed sports experience
- Having won medals at the national or international level
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Presence of respiratory disease
- Presence of cardiopulmonary disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| POWERbreatheInspiratory muscle warm-up will be performed using a POWERbreathe device at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), consisting of 2 sets of 30 breaths before the test procedures. | Device | Inspiratory muscle warm-up |
| POWERbreatheParticipants will perform sham inspiratory muscle warm-up using a POWERbreathe device at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before the test procedures. | Device | Sham Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up |
Primary outcome
Kickboxing Fitness Test performance
Time frame: Across 3 study days, measured immediately after each intervention session.
The Kickboxing Fitness Test is a valid and reliable field-based assessment designed to evaluate sport-specific technical skills and anaerobic performance in kickboxers.The test consists of 3 rounds of 2 minutes each, separated by 1 minute of passive recovery. In each round, athletes complete four 30-second technical sections involving punch and kick combinations, with 10 m running between stations, while aiming to perform each technique with maximal speed and accuracy.
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Time frame: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
This is the maximum total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after taking the deepest possible breath in.
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
Time frame: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
This is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs in the first second of a pulmonary function test.
Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second to Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC)
Time frame: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
This is the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC), used to assess airflow limitation during pulmonary function testing.
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Time frame: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
This is the highest flow rate achieved during a forceful expiration after taking the deepest possible breath in, used to reflect expiratory flow capacity.
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP)
Time frame: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
This is the maximum pressure generated during a forceful inspiration against a closed airway, used to assess inspiratory muscle strength.
Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP)
Time frame: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
This is the maximum pressure generated during a forceful expiration against a closed airway, used to assess expiratory muscle strength.
Heart Rate (HR)
Time frame: Across 3 study days, throughout the entire test session
This is the number of heart beats per minute, used to assess the cardiovascular response to exercise and recovery.
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE)
Time frame: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be measured to evaluate the participants' subjective perceptual responses. These measurements are used to assess the overall perception of physical strain in response to exercise. The level of perceived exertion will be assessed using the Category Ratio-10 (CR-10) scale, which was developed and modified by Foster et al. (2001) and includes ratings ranging from 0 to 10. This scale allows participants to rate the overall difficulty they experience during exercise from 0 (nothing at all) to 10 (maximal difficulty).
Perceived Dyspnea
Time frame: Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test
Perceived dyspnea will be assessed using the Category Ratio-10 (CR-10) scale, which enables participants to report their level of respiratory discomfort or breathing difficulty. Scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater breathing difficulty.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 34045508Cirino C, Gobatto CA, Pinto AS, Torres RS, Hartz CS, Azevedo PHSM, Moreno MA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Complex network model indicates a positive effect of inspiratory muscles pre-activation on performance parameters in a judo match. Sci Rep. 2021 May 27;11(1):11148. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90394-1.
- Background: PubMed 36829608Cirino C, Marostegan AB, Hartz CS, Moreno MA, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up on Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review. Biology (Basel). 2023 Feb 20;12(2):333. doi: 10.3390/biology12020333.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Özgür Bostancı study director
University of ondokuz mayıs
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing POWERbreathe in people with Sports Performance and Respiratory Muscle Function, run by Ondokuz Mayıs University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Nazlıcan Toprak, MSc (+90 5372721255, nazli.tprk55@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Kickboxing Fitness Test performance (time frame: Across 3 study days, measured immediately after each intervention session.). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07481916, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Mar 2026.