Sports InjuriesNCT07485348
Integrated Neuromuscular Training Improves Jump Height and Landing Mechanics in Male Volleyball Athletes
A study testing Integrated Neuromuscular Training and Traditional Volleyball training in people with Sports Injuries and Athletic Performance and Injury Risk, run by INTI International University at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
Background Volleyball is a sport that requires frequent jumping, landing, rapid movements, and changes in direction. During a match, players repeatedly perform actions such as spikes, blocks, and quick defensive movements. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Injuries, Athletic Performance and Injury Risk
- What is being tested?
- Integrated Neuromuscular Training and Traditional Volleyball training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 38 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 2 Dec 2025to 24 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- subjects with one year of playing experience
- least Subjects training twice per week
Who cannot join
- Any previous history of lower limb injury in the past 6 months
- Any surgery performed in the lower extremity
- Other vestibular and neurological disorders
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: A Study Protocol on Impact of an 8-Week Integrated Neuromuscular Training Program on Anthropometric Profile, Jump-Landing Mechanics, and Vertical Jump Height in Male Volleyball Players
Background
Volleyball is a sport that requires frequent jumping, landing, rapid movements, and changes in direction. During a match, players repeatedly perform actions such as spikes, blocks, and quick defensive movements. Because of these repetitive high-impact movements, volleyball players are at risk of lower-limb injuries, especially to the knees, ankles, and hips.
Read more
Many injuries occur when athletes land incorrectly after jumping, when muscles are not strong enough, or when the body's balance and coordination are not optimal. Poor movement control during landing can place excessive stress on the joints and surrounding tissues. For this reason, improving the way athletes jump, land, and control their movements is very important for both performance and injury prevention.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study was to determine whether an 8-week Integrated Neuromuscular Training program could improve the following aspects in male volleyball athletes: Anthropometric profile, Jump-landing mechanics, Vertical jump height. Male volleyball athletes volunteered to participate in this research. All participants were active players who regularly took part in volleyball training and competitions. Integrated Neuromuscular Training (INT) is a structured exercise approach designed to improve the coordination between the muscular system and the nervous system. In simple terms, it helps the body learn how to move more efficiently, safely, and powerfully. The training program used in this study included a combination of exercises such as strength training to improve muscle power and joint stability, balance and stability exercises to enhance body control, plyometric exercises.
This study used a single-blind pretest-posttest design. Pretest: The athletes were evaluated before the training program started. Training period: The participants completed the 8-week Integrated Neuromuscular Training program.
Posttest: After the training program, the same measurements were taken again.
Read the detailed description
Volleyball players frequently perform jumping and landing movements during actions such as spiking, blocking, and serving. Improper landing techniques and weak muscle coordination can increase the risk of injuries, particularly to the knee, ankle, and lower back.
This study aims to determine whether an 8-week Integrated Neuromuscular Training (INT) program can improve:
Body measurements such as weight and muscle composition Jumping ability (vertical jump height) Landing technique and movement control
Improving these factors may help athletes perform better and reduce the risk of injury. Integrated Neuromuscular Training combines several types of exercises designed to improve how muscles and the nervous system work together. The training program includes Strength exercises, balance training, Plyometric exercises, Coordination and agility drills. Participants in this study are:
Male volleyball athletes, physically active and currently involved in volleyball training, Free from serious injuries that prevent exercise participation. The exercises are similar to normal volleyball training activities, so risks are minimal.
Possible minor risks like temporary muscle soreness, mild fatigue. To reduce risks all exercises will be supervised by trained professionals, proper warm-up and cool-down routines will be established.
Participants will complete an 8-week training program designed to improve neuromuscular control.
Step 1: Initial Assessment (Pre-Test) of Body composition measurements, Vertical jump height, Jump and landing movement analysis.
Step 2: Training Program (8 Weeks)
Participants will perform the Integrated Neuromuscular Training program several times per week under supervision. The training will focus on improving:
Muscle strength, Balance and coordination, Proper jump and landing technique. Step 3: Final Assessment (Post-Test) After completing the 8-week training program, the same tests will be repeated to determine whether there were improvements in Body composition, Jump height and Landing mechanics.
The results of this study may help:
Volleyball players improve performance safely Physiotherapists and sports trainers develop better training programs Coaches design safer conditioning programs
- Being tested
- Integrated Neuromuscular Training, Traditional Volleyball training
- Keywords
- Neuromuscular training, Landing error, Anthrpometry, Volleyball athlete, jumping task
- Medical subject headings
- Athletic Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Integrated Neuromuscular TrainingOther
- Training Frequency and Duration Program duration: 8 weeks Training frequency: 3 sessions per week Session duration: 45-60 minutes per session Total sessions: Approximately 24 sessions
- Structure of Each Training Session Dynamic Warm-Up (10-12 minutes) Balance and Stability Training (8-10 minutes) Strength Training (10-15 minutes) Plyometric Training (10-15 minutes) Agility and Coordination Training (8-10 minutes) Cool-Down and Flexibility (5-8 minutes)
Traditional Volleyball trainingOther
Training Structure Duration: 8 weeks Frequency: 3 sessions per week Session duration: 60 minutes Total sessions: 24 sessions
Session Components
- Warm-Up (10-12 minutes)
- Volleyball Technical Skill Training (20-25 minutes)
- Tactical and Game-Based Training (15-20 minutes)
- General Physical Conditioning (10-12 minutes)
- Cool-Down (5-8 minutes)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Neuromuscular training group | Experimental | Participants in the Neuromuscular training group will receive Integrated neuromuscular training protocol for a period of 8 weeks. They will undergo 3 sessions per week for a period of 8 weeks. Receives: Other: Integrated Neuromuscular Training |
| Control group | Active comparator | Participants in the control group will receive traditional volleyball training protocol for a period of 8 weeks. They will undergo 3 sessions per week for a period of 8 weeks. Receives: Other: Traditional Volleyball training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Body Weight
Measured using a calibrated digital weighing scale
Unit: Kilograms (kg)
Procedure:
Participants will be measured barefoot and in light clothing. They will stand upright at the center of the weighing scale platform without support, with weight evenly distributed on both feet. The measurement will be recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg. The scale will be calibrated prior to data collection.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Landing Mechanics
The LESS evaluates movement quality during a jump-landing task. It helps clinicians and researchers identify errors such as:
Poor knee alignment, Excessive trunk movement, Limited knee or hip flexion, Asymmetrical landing, Improper foot placement.
Higher LESS scores indicate more movement errors and potentially greater injury risk.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Height
Assessment method: Measured using a wall-mounted stadiometer
Unit: Meters (m)
Procedure:
Participants will stand barefoot with heels together, back straight, and head positioned in the Frankfort horizontal plane. The heels, buttocks, shoulders, and head will be in contact with the stadiometer where possible. The headpiece will be lowered to rest firmly on the crown of the head. Height will be recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm and converted to meters.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Body Mass Index
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated using the formula:
weight (kg) ÷ height (m²).
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Body Fat Percentage (%)
Assessment method: Measured using Bodystat 1500MD bioelectrical impedance analyzer Unit: Percentage (%) Procedure: Participants will be assessed in a supine position. Surface electrodes will be placed on the hand and foot according to manufacturer guidelines. A low-level electrical current will be passed through the body, and body fat percentage will be estimated using impedance values.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Lean Mass Percentage (%)
Assessment method: Measured using Bodystat 1500MD bioelectrical impedance analyzer
Unit: Percentage (%)
Procedure: Using the same electrode placement and testing position, lean body mass percentage will be derived from impedance measurements through built-in predictive equations of the device.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Total Body Water (%)
Assessment method: Measured using Bodystat 1500MD bioelectrical impedance analyzer
Unit: Percentage (%)
Procedure: Total body water will be estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis using standard equations embedded in the device, with participants positioned supine and electrodes placed on the hand and foot.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Jump Height
The Vertec is a widely used instrument in sports science and athletic performance testing to measure vertical jump height.
The athlete stands directly under the Vertec. Feet are placed approximately shoulder-width apart. The athlete performs a countermovement jump, bending the knees and hips before jumping.
During the jump, the athlete reaches upward with the dominant hand to strike the highest possible vane.
The vane rotates upon contact, indicating the maximum jump reach. The athlete lands safely with both feet.
Vertical Jump Height = Maximum Jump Reach - Standing Reach Height
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Mar 2026
- Study start2 Dec 2025
- Primary completion12 Feb 2026
- Study completion24 Mar 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports InjuriesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 38 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- INTI International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Vinosh Kumar Purushothaman, INTI International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07485348
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- INTIIU/FHLSRCBPHTI1NY12025/007
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 16 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 20 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Purushothaman VK, Foong SH, Udhaya Kumar AA, Arulsingh W, Subbarayalu AV, Ameer M, Kandakurti PK, Batu Malai P, Krishnan Vasanthi R. Impact of an 8-week integrated neuromuscular training program on anthropometric and body composition profiles, jump-landing mechanics, and vertical jump height in male volleyball athletes-A non-randomized matched controlled study protocol. Front Sports Act Living. 2026 Aug 25;8:1904088. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2026.1904088. eCollection 2026.
PubMed 42712531
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Study Protocol on Impact of an 8-Week Integrated Neuromuscular Training Program on Anthropometric Profile, Jump-Landing Mechanics, and Vertical Jump Height in Male Volleyball Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07485348
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- INTIIU/FHLSRCBPHTI1NY12025/007
- Keywords
- Neuromuscular training, Landing error, Anthrpometry, Volleyball athlete, jumping task
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 38 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- INTI International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 20 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background
Volleyball is a sport that requires frequent jumping, landing, rapid movements, and changes in direction. During a match, players repeatedly perform actions such as spikes, blocks, and quick defensive movements. Because of these repetitive high-impact movements, volleyball players are at risk of lower-limb injuries, especially to the knees, ankles, and hips.
Many injuries occur when athletes land incorrectly after jumping, when muscles are not strong enough, or when the body's balance and coordination are not optimal. Poor movement control during landing can place excessive stress on the joints and surrounding tissues. For this reason, improving the way athletes jump, land, and control their movements is very important for both performance and injury prevention.
Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study was to determine whether an 8-week Integrated Neuromuscular Training program could improve the following aspects in male volleyball athletes: Anthropometric profile, Jump-landing mechanics, Vertical jump height. Male volleyball athletes volunteered to participate in this research. All participants were active players who regularly took part in volleyball training and competitions. Integrated Neuromuscular Training (INT) is a structured exercise approach designed to improve the coordination between the muscular system and the nervous system. In simple terms, it helps the body learn how to move more efficiently, safely, and powerfully. The training program used in this study included a combination of exercises such as strength training to improve muscle power and joint stability, balance and stability exercises to enhance body control, plyometric exercises.
This study used a single-blind pretest-posttest design. Pretest: The athletes were evaluated before the training program started. Training period: The participants completed the 8-week Integrated Neuromuscular Training program.
Posttest: After the training program, the same measurements were taken again.
Detailed description
Volleyball players frequently perform jumping and landing movements during actions such as spiking, blocking, and serving. Improper landing techniques and weak muscle coordination can increase the risk of injuries, particularly to the knee, ankle, and lower back.
This study aims to determine whether an 8-week Integrated Neuromuscular Training (INT) program can improve:
Body measurements such as weight and muscle composition Jumping ability (vertical jump height) Landing technique and movement control
Improving these factors may help athletes perform better and reduce the risk of injury. Integrated Neuromuscular Training combines several types of exercises designed to improve how muscles and the nervous system work together. The training program includes Strength exercises, balance training, Plyometric exercises, Coordination and agility drills. Participants in this study are:
Male volleyball athletes, physically active and currently involved in volleyball training, Free from serious injuries that prevent exercise participation. The exercises are similar to normal volleyball training activities, so risks are minimal.
Possible minor risks like temporary muscle soreness, mild fatigue. To reduce risks all exercises will be supervised by trained professionals, proper warm-up and cool-down routines will be established.
Participants will complete an 8-week training program designed to improve neuromuscular control.
Step 1: Initial Assessment (Pre-Test) of Body composition measurements, Vertical jump height, Jump and landing movement analysis.
Step 2: Training Program (8 Weeks)
Participants will perform the Integrated Neuromuscular Training program several times per week under supervision. The training will focus on improving:
Muscle strength, Balance and coordination, Proper jump and landing technique. Step 3: Final Assessment (Post-Test) After completing the 8-week training program, the same tests will be repeated to determine whether there were improvements in Body composition, Jump height and Landing mechanics.
The results of this study may help:
Volleyball players improve performance safely Physiotherapists and sports trainers develop better training programs Coaches design safer conditioning programs
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Neuromuscular training group | Experimental | Other: Integrated Neuromuscular TrainingParticipants in the Neuromuscular training group will receive Integrated neuromuscular training protocol for a period of 8 weeks. They will undergo 3 sessions per week for a period of 8 weeks. |
| Control group | Active comparator | Other: Traditional Volleyball trainingParticipants in the control group will receive traditional volleyball training protocol for a period of 8 weeks. They will undergo 3 sessions per week for a period of 8 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- subjects with one year of playing experience
- least Subjects training twice per week
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Any previous history of lower limb injury in the past 6 months
- Any surgery performed in the lower extremity
- Other vestibular and neurological disorders
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Integrated Neuromuscular Training1. Training Frequency and Duration Program duration: 8 weeks Training frequency: 3 sessions per week Session duration: 45-60 minutes per session Total sessions: Approximately 24 sessions 2. Structure of Each Training Session Dynamic Warm-Up (10-12 minutes) Balance and Stability Training (8-10 minutes) Strength Training (10-15 minutes) Plyometric Training (10-15 minutes) Agility and Coordination Training (8-10 minutes) Cool-Down and Flexibility (5-8 minutes) | Other | Neuromuscular training group |
| Traditional Volleyball trainingTraining Structure Duration: 8 weeks Frequency: 3 sessions per week Session duration: 60 minutes Total sessions: 24 sessions Session Components 1. Warm-Up (10-12 minutes) 2. Volleyball Technical Skill Training (20-25 minutes) 3. Tactical and Game-Based Training (15-20 minutes) 4. General Physical Conditioning (10-12 minutes) 5. Cool-Down (5-8 minutes) | Other | Control group |
Primary outcome
Body Weight
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Measured using a calibrated digital weighing scale Unit: Kilograms (kg) Procedure: Participants will be measured barefoot and in light clothing. They will stand upright at the center of the weighing scale platform without support, with weight evenly distributed on both feet. The measurement will be recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg. The scale will be calibrated prior to data collection.
Landing Mechanics
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
The LESS evaluates movement quality during a jump-landing task. It helps clinicians and researchers identify errors such as: Poor knee alignment, Excessive trunk movement, Limited knee or hip flexion, Asymmetrical landing, Improper foot placement. Higher LESS scores indicate more movement errors and potentially greater injury risk.
Height
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Assessment method: Measured using a wall-mounted stadiometer Unit: Meters (m) Procedure: Participants will stand barefoot with heels together, back straight, and head positioned in the Frankfort horizontal plane. The heels, buttocks, shoulders, and head will be in contact with the stadiometer where possible. The headpiece will be lowered to rest firmly on the crown of the head. Height will be recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm and converted to meters.
Body Mass Index
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated using the formula: weight (kg) ÷ height (m²).
Body Fat Percentage (%)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Assessment method: Measured using Bodystat 1500MD bioelectrical impedance analyzer Unit: Percentage (%) Procedure: Participants will be assessed in a supine position. Surface electrodes will be placed on the hand and foot according to manufacturer guidelines. A low-level electrical current will be passed through the body, and body fat percentage will be estimated using impedance values.
Lean Mass Percentage (%)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Assessment method: Measured using Bodystat 1500MD bioelectrical impedance analyzer Unit: Percentage (%) Procedure: Using the same electrode placement and testing position, lean body mass percentage will be derived from impedance measurements through built-in predictive equations of the device.
Total Body Water (%)
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Assessment method: Measured using Bodystat 1500MD bioelectrical impedance analyzer Unit: Percentage (%) Procedure: Total body water will be estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis using standard equations embedded in the device, with participants positioned supine and electrodes placed on the hand and foot.
1 secondary outcome
Jump Height
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Mar 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42712531Purushothaman VK, Foong SH, Udhaya Kumar AA, Arulsingh W, Subbarayalu AV, Ameer M, Kandakurti PK, Batu Malai P, Krishnan Vasanthi R. Impact of an 8-week integrated neuromuscular training program on anthropometric and body composition profiles, jump-landing mechanics, and vertical jump height in male volleyball athletes-A non-randomized matched controlled study protocol. Front Sports Act Living. 2026 Aug 25;8:1904088. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2026.1904088. eCollection 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Integrated Neuromuscular Training and Traditional Volleyball training in people with Sports Injuries and Athletic Performance and Injury Risk, run by INTI International University at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Body Weight (time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07485348, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Mar 2026.