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Atrial Fibrillation (AF)HYDRATE-PFANCT07490808

Peri-procedural Hydration to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury After Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

A study testing 0.9% sodium chloride in people with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Acute Kidney Injury, run by Beijing Anzhen Hospital at 1 site in China.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

PFA is an emerging non-thermal ablation technology with favorable procedural safety; however, recent studies have raised concerns about peri-procedural hemolysis and subsequent AKI after PFA. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Acute Kidney Injury
What is being tested?
0.9% sodium chloride
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
290 participants
Where
1 siteChina
Study dates
20 Mar 2026to 23 Oct 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Participants must meet all of the following criteria:
  • Age ≥18 years.
  • Symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) or persistent AF:
  • Paroxysmal AF: AF that terminates spontaneously or with intervention within 7 days of onset, and meets both of the following:
  • At least 2 symptomatic paroxysmal AF episodes within 6 months before enrollment;
  • At least 1 documented AF episode by electrocardiogram (ECG) or Holter monitoring within 12 months before enrollment.
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  • Persistent AF: AF lasting >7 days and ≤365 days, and meets both of the following:
  • At least 1 symptomatic persistent AF episode within 6 months before enrollment;
  • Persistent AF documented within 12 months before enrollment by either Holter monitoring or 2 ECGs obtained at least 7 days apart.
  • Failure of antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy, defined as inadequate efficacy and/or intolerance to at least 1 Class I or Class III AAD.
  • Planned to undergo pulsed field ablation (PFA).
  • Willing and able to provide written informed consent.
  • Willing and able to comply with study procedures, including in-hospital assessments and 30-day and 90-day follow-up.

Who cannot join

  • Participants meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded:
  • AF due to a reversible cause, such as hyperthyroidism or perioperative/cardiothoracic surgery-related AF.
  • No oral anticoagulation for at least 3 weeks before ablation.
  • Intracardiac thrombus.
  • Contraindication to anticoagulant therapy or iodinated contrast media.
  • Significant valvular heart disease, including moderate or severe aortic stenosis, severe aortic regurgitation, moderate or severe mitral stenosis, or severe mitral regurgitation.
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  • Myocardial infarction within 3 months before enrollment.
  • Cardiac surgery within 3 months before enrollment.
  • New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure.
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%.
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • Severe liver disease (Child-Pugh score >7).
  • Stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²).
  • History of kidney transplantation.
  • Need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) at enrollment or any history of prior RRT.
  • Intravascular iodinated contrast administration within 7 days before enrollment.
  • Active systemic infection.
  • Known pregnancy or breastfeeding.
  • Participation in another clinical trial that may affect the results of this study.
  • Unwillingness or inability to comply with study procedures and follow-up, including participants considered by the investigator to be at substantial risk for poor adherence.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

China1 site
  • Beijing Anzhen Hospitai, Capital Medical University

    Beijing, Beijing Municipality, 100029

Other trials in China

About this study

Official title: Peri-procedural Hydration to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury After Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Single-Center, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial

PFA is an emerging non-thermal ablation technology with favorable procedural safety; however, recent studies have raised concerns about peri-procedural hemolysis and subsequent AKI after PFA. This study is a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether standardized peri-procedural intravenous hydration can reduce the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) after pulsed field ablation (PFA) for atrial fibrillation (AF).

Eligible adult patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF scheduled for PFA will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a standardized hydration strategy or a control strategy without routine prophylactic hydration. The hydration group will receive 0.9% saline at 2 mL/kg/h from entry into the electrophysiology laboratory until 12 hours after the procedure, while the control group will receive no routine preventive hydration and will be treated with fluids only if clinically indicated.

The primary outcome is any in-hospital AKI defined according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Secondary endpoints include in-hospital AKI severity by KDIGO stage, in-hospital persistent moderate-to-severe AKI, in-hospital renal replacement therapy, changes in renal function after the procedure, and clinical outcomes through 30 and 90 days, including all-cause death, persistent AKI, renal replacement therapy, all-cause rehospitalization, and composite major adverse events.

Read the detailed description

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has rapidly emerged as a promising non-thermal catheter ablation technology for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although its overall safety profile appears favorable, increasing evidence suggests that peri-procedural hemolysis may occur after PFA. In some patients, this hemolysis may contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI), which has become an important safety concern in contemporary PFA practice. Peri-procedural hydration may represent a practical kidney-protective strategy by maintaining renal perfusion and promoting clearance of hemolysis-related pigments and other nephrotoxic factors. However, no randomized controlled trial has evaluated whether routine standardized hydration reduces the risk of AKI after AF ablation with PFA.

The HYDRATE-PFA trial is a single-center, open-label, superiority, parallel-group randomized controlled trial designed to assess whether a standardized peri-procedural hydration strategy can reduce the risk of AKI after PFA for AF. A total of 290 adult patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF who are scheduled to undergo PFA will be enrolled at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either a standardized peri-procedural hydration group, or a control group without routine prophylactic hydration.

Participants assigned to the hydration group will receive 0.9% sodium chloride intravenously at 2 mL/kg/h starting when the participant enters the electrophysiology laboratory and continuing until 12 hours after the procedure. The infusion rate may be reduced or interrupted if there is evidence of fluid overload, hypoxemia, pulmonary congestion, or any other safety concern judged by the investigator. Participants assigned to the control group will not receive routine preventive hydration; intravenous fluids may be given only when clinically indicated, such as for suspected hemoglobinuria, rising serum creatinine, oliguria.

For all participants, blood and urine samples will be collected at baseline, immediately after the procedure, and 24 hours after the procedure, with additional in-hospital testing if clinically indicated. Participants will also be followed at 30 days and 90 days after randomization by clinic visit or telephone contact.

The primary endpoint is any in-hospital AKI, defined according to KDIGO criteria (an increase in serum creatinine of at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or an increase to at least 1.5 times baseline). Secondary endpoints include in-hospital AKI severity by KDIGO stage, in-hospital persistent moderate-to-severe AKI, in-hospital renal replacement therapy, changes in renal function after the procedure, and clinical outcomes through 30 and 90 days, including all-cause death, persistent AKI, renal replacement therapy, all-cause rehospitalization, and composite major adverse events.

Being tested
0.9% sodium chloride
Keywords
Pulsed field ablation, Atrial Fibrillation, Acute kidney injury, Hydration
Medical subject headings
Atrial Fibrillation, Acute Kidney Injury

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • 0.9% sodium chlorideDrug

    Participants assigned to the hydration group will receive 0.9% sodium chloride intravenously at 2 mL/kg/h starting when the participant enters the electrophysiology laboratory and continuing until 12 hours after the procedure. The infusion rate may be reduced or interrupted if there is evidence of fluid overload, hypoxemia, pulmonary congestion, or any other safety concern judged by the investigator.

Study groups in NCT07490808
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Hydration groupExperimentalParticipants assigned to the hydration group will receive 0.9% sodium chloride intravenously at 2 mL/kg/h starting when the participant enters the electrophysiology laboratory and continuing until 12 hours after the procedure. The infusion rate may be reduced or interrupted if there is evidence of fluid overload, hypoxemia, pulmonary congestion, or any other safety concern judged by the investigator.
Receives: Drug: 0.9% sodium chloride
Control groupNo interventionParticipants assigned to the control group will not receive routine preventive hydration; intravenous fluids may be given only when clinically indicated, such as for suspected hemoglobinuria, rising serum creatinine, oliguria.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. In-hospital acute kidney injury

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) of any severity during hospitalization, meeting any of the following criteria according to KDIGO guidelines: 1) an increase in serum creatinine level of 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours, or 2) an increase to at least 1.5 times baseline.

    Measured: Periprocedural

Secondary outcomes (14)
  1. In-hospital AKI severity

    AKI Severity (defined by KDIGO staging):

    • Stage 1 AKI: Serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL or reaching 1.5-1.9 times baseline;
    • Stage 2 AKI: Serum creatinine reaches 2.0-2.9 times baseline;
    • Stage 3 AKI: Serum creatinine (SCr) reaches ≥3.0 times baseline, or SCr ≥4.0 mg/dL (≥353.6 μmol/L), or initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT).

    Measured: Periprocedural

  2. In-hospital persistent moderate-to-severe AKI

    Persistent moderate-to-severe AKI during hospitalization is defined as KDIGO stage 2-3 AKI lasting ≥48 hours.

    AKI staging defined by KDIGO guideline:

    • Stage 1 AKI: Serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL or reaching 1.5-1.9 times baseline;
    • Stage 2 AKI: Serum creatinine reaches 2.0-2.9 times baseline;
    • Stage 3 AKI: Serum creatinine (SCr) reaches ≥3.0 times baseline, or SCr ≥4.0 mg/dL (≥353.6 μmol/L), or initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT).

    Measured: Periprocedural

  3. In-hospital renal replacement therapy

    In-hospital renal replacement therapy (RRT) is defined as the initiation of RRT for any reason during hospitalization.

    Measured: Periprocedural

  4. Absolute and relative changes in serum creatinine and eGFR after the procedure

    Absolute and relative changes in serum creatinine and eGFR from baseline to immediately after the procedure and 24 hours after the procedure.

    Measured: Periprocedural

  5. 30-day mortality

    Measured: Within 30 days after randomization

  6. 30-day persistent AKI

    Defined as a serum creatinine level remaining at least 50% higher than the pre-procedure baseline value at 30 days after randomization.

    Measured: Within 30 days after randomization

  7. 30-day renal replacement therapy

    Measured: Within 30 days after randomization

  8. 30-day all-cause rehospitalization

    Measured: Within 30 days after randomization

  9. 30-day composite major adverse events

    Composite of all-cause death, persistent AKI, initiation of RRT, or all-cause rehospitalization within 30 days after randomization.

    Measured: Within 30 days after randomization

  10. 90-day mortality

    Measured: Within 90 days after randomization

  11. 90-day persistent AKI

    Defined as a serum creatinine level remaining at least 50% higher than the pre-procedure baseline value at 90 days after randomization.

    Measured: Within 90 days after randomization

  12. 90-day renal replacement therapy

    Measured: Within 90 days after randomization

  13. 90-day all-cause rehospitalization

    Measured: Within 90 days after randomization

  14. 90-day composite major adverse events

    Composite of all-cause death, persistent AKI, initiation of RRT, or all-cause rehospitalization within 90 days after randomization.

    Measured: Within 90 days after randomization

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted24 Mar 2026
  2. Study start20 Mar 2026
  3. Primary completion19 Jul 2026
  4. Study completion23 Oct 2026

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
290 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07490808
Sponsor's protocol ID
KS2026035
Acronym
HYDRATE-PFA
Status last verified
Oct 2026
First submitted
10 Mar 2026
Last updated
27 Oct 2026
Results posted
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Undecided

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing 0.9% sodium chloride in people with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Acute Kidney Injury, run by Beijing Anzhen Hospital at 1 site in China.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 13 inclusion and 20 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

In-hospital acute kidney injury (time frame: Periprocedural). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Oct 2026.

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