HPVNCT07498075
Digital Interventions to Increase HPV Vaccination Intentions Among Nigerian Caregivers
A study testing Chatbot counseling, Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculation and Short edutainment in people with HPV and HPV Vaccine, run by University of Pennsylvania at 1 site in Nigeria.
Trial summary
This study evaluates whether different types of digital health communication can increase parents' intention to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV) in Nigeria. HPV vaccination is recommended for girls aged 9-14 years and helps prevent cervical cancer, yet vaccination rates remain low. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 27 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- HPV, HPV Vaccine
- What is being tested?
- Chatbot counseling, Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculation and Short edutainment
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 3,340 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNigeria
- Study dates
- 7 May 2026to 31 Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 27 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Parent or primary caregiver of at least one girl aged 9-14 years
- Parent states "no" or "unsure" to question asking if eligible daughter has received any doses of the HPV vaccine
- Provides informed consent to participate
Who cannot join
- Parent or caregiver of a girl who has already received one or more doses of the HPV vaccine
- Does not meet age eligibility criteria for an eligible daughter
- Fails Attention Checks
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Nigeria1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Online study
Lagos
Online Study Online Study, a: 800-555-5555
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Trial of Digital Interventions to Increase HPV Vaccination Intentions Among Nigerian Caregivers
This study evaluates whether different types of digital health communication can increase parents' intention to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV) in Nigeria. HPV vaccination is recommended for girls aged 9-14 years and helps prevent cervical cancer, yet vaccination rates remain low.
Parents of eligible, unvaccinated girls will be randomly assigned to receive one of several types of digital content delivered online. These include: (1) a short chatbot conversation based on motivational interviewing principles, (2) an interactive game designed to help parents recognize and resist common forms of vaccine misinformation, (3) a set of short edutainment videos about HPV vaccination, (4) standard informational infographics about HPV vaccination from a national public health agency, or (5) unrelated health content about menstruation.
The main outcome is parents' self-reported intention to vaccinate their daughter against HPV, measured immediately and one week after exposure to the assigned content. Additional outcomes include HPV-related knowledge, perceptions of vaccine safety, willingness to recommend the vaccine to others, and self-reported vaccine uptake at 1-week and 6 month follow-up. The results will help inform scalable communication strategies to improve HPV vaccination uptake in low- and middle-income settings.
Read the detailed description
Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Nigeria. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer, and safe, effective vaccines are available and recommended for girls aged 9-14 years. Despite national and global efforts to expand access, HPV vaccination coverage in Nigeria remains low. Parental hesitancy, misinformation, limited knowledge, and lack of engagement with existing health communication materials are key barriers.
This randomized controlled trial examines whether different forms of digital communication can increase HPV vaccination intention among parents of unvaccinated, vaccine-eligible girls in Nigeria. The study focuses on scalable, low-cost interventions that could be deployed through mobile phones and other digital platforms.
Eligible participants are parents or primary caregivers of at least one unvaccinated girl aged 9-14 years. Participants will be individually randomized in equal proportions to one of five conditions:
A motivational interviewing-style chatbot that provides brief, interactive counseling adapted from World Health Organization vaccination guidance.
A short interactive "pre-bunking" game designed to build resistance to common forms of HPV vaccine misinformation.
A series of short edutainment videos providing information about HPV, cervical cancer prevention, and HPV vaccination in the Nigerian context.
A standard informational control consisting of existing HPV vaccination infographics produced by Nigeria's National Primary Health Care Development Agency.
An unrelated-content attention control consisting of infographics on menstruation awareness produced by a Nigerian health advocacy organization.
All content will be delivered digitally. Participants will complete baseline measures prior to randomization and follow-up surveys after exposure to the assigned content. The primary outcome is self-reported intention to vaccinate the selected daughter against HPV, measured immediately and one week post-intervention on a numeric scale. Secondary outcomes include HPV and vaccine-related knowledge, perceived vaccine safety, willingness to recommend the HPV vaccine to other parents, and self-reported HPV vaccine uptake. Additional intention measures will be collected 1-week after the intervention and at six months post-intervention, with vaccine uptake assessed at the six-month follow-up.
Primary analyses will be conducted under an intention-to-treat framework, comparing outcomes across randomized groups regardless of engagement with the assigned content. Secondary and exploratory analyses will examine engagement patterns and heterogeneity of effects by baseline attitudes, knowledge, and demographic characteristics.
The findings will provide evidence on the comparative effectiveness of different digital communication strategies for increasing HPV vaccination intention and uptake among parents in Nigeria and similar settings.
- Conditions
- HPV, HPV Vaccine
- Being tested
- Chatbot counseling, Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculation, Short edutainment, Standard infographic control
- Keywords
- HPV, HPV Vaccine, Chatbots, Misinformation, Pre-Bunking
- Medical subject headings
- Communication
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Chatbot counselingBehavioural
A brief motivational-interviewing-style chatbot dialogue adapted from WHO vaccination counseling guidance
Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculationBehavioural
A short interactive game (approximately 3-5 minutes) designed to build resistance to HPV vaccine misinformation
Short edutainmentBehavioural
5-6 brief edutainment videos (total viewing time approximately 10-15 minutes) providing HPV vaccine information tailored to the Nigerian context
Standard infographic controlBehavioural
Existing infographics on HPV vaccination from Nigeria's National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Chatbot counseling arm | Experimental | A brief motivational-interviewing-style chatbot dialogue adapted from WHO vaccination counseling guidance Receives: Behavioral: Chatbot counseling |
| Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculation arm | Experimental | A short interactive game (approximately 3-5 minutes) designed to build resistance to HPV vaccine misinformation Receives: Behavioral: Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculation |
| Short edutainment arm | Experimental | 5-6 brief edutainment videos (total viewing time approximately 10-15 minutes) providing HPV vaccine information tailored to the Nigerian context Receives: Behavioral: Short edutainment |
| Standard infographic control arm | Active comparator | Existing infographics on HPV vaccination from Nigeria's National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) Receives: Behavioral: Standard infographic control |
| Unrelated content control arm | No intervention | Series of infographics on menstruation from Nigeria's Menstrual Health Advocacy Consortium |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
HPV Vaccination Intention (1-Week Post-Intervention)
Parent's self-reported intention to vaccinate their selected daughter (aged 9-14 years) against HPV, measured on a 10-point numeric scale, where higher values indicate greater intention to vaccinate. If a participant has more than one eligible daughter, one daughter is randomly selected for all outcome questions.
Measured: 1 week after exposure to the assigned intervention content
HPV Vaccination Intention (Immediately Post-Intervention)
Parent's self-reported intention to vaccinate their selected daughter against HPV, measured on a 10-point numeric scale.
Measured: Immediately Post-Intervention
Secondary outcomes (12)
HPV Vaccination Intention (6 months post-intervention)
Parent's self-reported intention to vaccinate their selected daughter against HPV, measured on a 10-point numeric scale, assessed immediately after completion of the assigned intervention content.
Measured: 6 months post-intervention
Self-Reported HPV Vaccine Uptake
Parent's self-report of whether their selected daughter has received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine since participation in the study (yes/no).
Measured: 6 months post-intervention
Perceived Safety of the HPV Vaccine
Parent's perceived safety of the HPV vaccine, measured using Likert-scale items assessing agreement with statements about HPV vaccine safety.
Measured: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Likelihood of Recommending the HPV Vaccine to Other Parents
Parent's self-reported likelihood of recommending the HPV vaccine to other parents of eligible girls, measured on a Likert-type scale.
Measured: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Self-Reported Knowledge of the HPV Vaccine
Parent's self-assessed knowledge about the HPV vaccine, measured using Likert-scale items assessing perceived understanding.
Measured: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Knowledge of the Protective Effects of the HPV Vaccine
Parent's knowledge that the HPV vaccine helps prevent cervical cancer, measured using objective knowledge questions.
Measured: 1 week post-intervention, 6-months post-intervention
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Detection Methods
Parent's knowledge of cervical cancer detection methods, including awareness of Pap smear or cervical cancer screening tests, measured using objective knowledge questions.
Measured: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Knowledge of HPV Vaccine Eligibility
Parent's knowledge of eligibility criteria for free HPV vaccination in Nigeria, measured using objective knowledge questions.
Measured: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Perceived Support of HPV Vaccine
Primary caregiver's perceived level of support for HPV and routine vaccination among other parents and community, measured using Likert-type scale.
Measured: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Attitudes towards HPV Vaccine
Primary caregiver's perceived importance of HPV vaccination, likelihood of vaccination if recommended by a healthcare worker, and desire for more information, measured using Likert-type scale.
Measured: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Self-reported Information-seeking behaviors
Primary caregiver's self-reported information-seeking behaviors related to the HPV vaccine, including online research, conversations with healthcare workers, school officials, or community members, outreach to a hotline, or appointment-setting, measured as an index of yes/no responses.
Measured: 6 months post-intervention
Objective information-seeking behavior
Primary caregiver's engagement with UNICEF Nigeria's HPV informational site for parents, measured via link-tracking.
Measured: 6 months post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Mar 2026
- Study start7 May 2026
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for HPVStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PennsylvaniaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 3,340 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pennsylvania
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- World Bank Group
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07498075
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- nigeria_hpv_857299
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 16 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data underlying the primary and secondary outcome analyses will be shared. This includes randomized treatment assignment, baseline covariates, outcome measures related to HPV vaccination intention, knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported vaccine uptake, as well as basic demographic variables. Data will be de-identified prior to sharing and will not include direct identifiers or information that could reasonably be used to re-identify participants.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Trial of Digital Interventions to Increase HPV Vaccination Intentions Among Nigerian Caregivers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07498075
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- nigeria_hpv_857299
- Conditions
- HPV, HPV Vaccine
- Keywords
- HPV, HPV Vaccine, Chatbots, Misinformation, Pre-Bunking
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 3,340 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PennsylvaniaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- World Bank Group
- Study start
- 7 May 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluates whether different types of digital health communication can increase parents' intention to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV) in Nigeria. HPV vaccination is recommended for girls aged 9-14 years and helps prevent cervical cancer, yet vaccination rates remain low.
Parents of eligible, unvaccinated girls will be randomly assigned to receive one of several types of digital content delivered online. These include: (1) a short chatbot conversation based on motivational interviewing principles, (2) an interactive game designed to help parents recognize and resist common forms of vaccine misinformation, (3) a set of short edutainment videos about HPV vaccination, (4) standard informational infographics about HPV vaccination from a national public health agency, or (5) unrelated health content about menstruation.
The main outcome is parents' self-reported intention to vaccinate their daughter against HPV, measured immediately and one week after exposure to the assigned content. Additional outcomes include HPV-related knowledge, perceptions of vaccine safety, willingness to recommend the vaccine to others, and self-reported vaccine uptake at 1-week and 6 month follow-up. The results will help inform scalable communication strategies to improve HPV vaccination uptake in low- and middle-income settings.
Detailed description
Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Nigeria. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer, and safe, effective vaccines are available and recommended for girls aged 9-14 years. Despite national and global efforts to expand access, HPV vaccination coverage in Nigeria remains low. Parental hesitancy, misinformation, limited knowledge, and lack of engagement with existing health communication materials are key barriers.
This randomized controlled trial examines whether different forms of digital communication can increase HPV vaccination intention among parents of unvaccinated, vaccine-eligible girls in Nigeria. The study focuses on scalable, low-cost interventions that could be deployed through mobile phones and other digital platforms.
Eligible participants are parents or primary caregivers of at least one unvaccinated girl aged 9-14 years. Participants will be individually randomized in equal proportions to one of five conditions:
A motivational interviewing-style chatbot that provides brief, interactive counseling adapted from World Health Organization vaccination guidance.
A short interactive "pre-bunking" game designed to build resistance to common forms of HPV vaccine misinformation.
A series of short edutainment videos providing information about HPV, cervical cancer prevention, and HPV vaccination in the Nigerian context.
A standard informational control consisting of existing HPV vaccination infographics produced by Nigeria's National Primary Health Care Development Agency.
An unrelated-content attention control consisting of infographics on menstruation awareness produced by a Nigerian health advocacy organization.
All content will be delivered digitally. Participants will complete baseline measures prior to randomization and follow-up surveys after exposure to the assigned content. The primary outcome is self-reported intention to vaccinate the selected daughter against HPV, measured immediately and one week post-intervention on a numeric scale. Secondary outcomes include HPV and vaccine-related knowledge, perceived vaccine safety, willingness to recommend the HPV vaccine to other parents, and self-reported HPV vaccine uptake. Additional intention measures will be collected 1-week after the intervention and at six months post-intervention, with vaccine uptake assessed at the six-month follow-up.
Primary analyses will be conducted under an intention-to-treat framework, comparing outcomes across randomized groups regardless of engagement with the assigned content. Secondary and exploratory analyses will examine engagement patterns and heterogeneity of effects by baseline attitudes, knowledge, and demographic characteristics.
The findings will provide evidence on the comparative effectiveness of different digital communication strategies for increasing HPV vaccination intention and uptake among parents in Nigeria and similar settings.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 5
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Chatbot counseling arm | Experimental | Behavioral: Chatbot counselingA brief motivational-interviewing-style chatbot dialogue adapted from WHO vaccination counseling guidance |
| Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculation arm | Experimental | Behavioral: Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculationA short interactive game (approximately 3-5 minutes) designed to build resistance to HPV vaccine misinformation |
| Short edutainment arm | Experimental | Behavioral: Short edutainment5-6 brief edutainment videos (total viewing time approximately 10-15 minutes) providing HPV vaccine information tailored to the Nigerian context |
| Standard infographic control arm | Active comparator | Behavioral: Standard infographic controlExisting infographics on HPV vaccination from Nigeria's National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) |
| Unrelated content control arm | No intervention | –Series of infographics on menstruation from Nigeria's Menstrual Health Advocacy Consortium |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 27 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Parent or primary caregiver of at least one girl aged 9-14 years
- Parent states "no" or "unsure" to question asking if eligible daughter has received any doses of the HPV vaccine
- Provides informed consent to participate
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Parent or caregiver of a girl who has already received one or more doses of the HPV vaccine
- Does not meet age eligibility criteria for an eligible daughter
- Fails Attention Checks
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Chatbot counselingA brief motivational-interviewing-style chatbot dialogue adapted from WHO vaccination counseling guidance | Behavioural | Chatbot counseling arm |
| Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculationA short interactive game (approximately 3-5 minutes) designed to build resistance to HPV vaccine misinformation | Behavioural | Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculation arm |
| Short edutainment5-6 brief edutainment videos (total viewing time approximately 10-15 minutes) providing HPV vaccine information tailored to the Nigerian context | Behavioural | Short edutainment arm |
| Standard infographic controlExisting infographics on HPV vaccination from Nigeria's National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) | Behavioural | Standard infographic control arm |
Primary outcome
HPV Vaccination Intention (1-Week Post-Intervention)
Time frame: 1 week after exposure to the assigned intervention content
Parent's self-reported intention to vaccinate their selected daughter (aged 9-14 years) against HPV, measured on a 10-point numeric scale, where higher values indicate greater intention to vaccinate. If a participant has more than one eligible daughter, one daughter is randomly selected for all outcome questions.
HPV Vaccination Intention (Immediately Post-Intervention)
Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention
Parent's self-reported intention to vaccinate their selected daughter against HPV, measured on a 10-point numeric scale.
12 secondary outcomes
HPV Vaccination Intention (6 months post-intervention)
Time frame: 6 months post-intervention
Self-Reported HPV Vaccine Uptake
Time frame: 6 months post-intervention
Perceived Safety of the HPV Vaccine
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Likelihood of Recommending the HPV Vaccine to Other Parents
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Self-Reported Knowledge of the HPV Vaccine
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Knowledge of the Protective Effects of the HPV Vaccine
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention, 6-months post-intervention
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Detection Methods
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Knowledge of HPV Vaccine Eligibility
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Perceived Support of HPV Vaccine
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Attitudes towards HPV Vaccine
Time frame: 1 week post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention
Self-reported Information-seeking behaviors
Time frame: 6 months post-intervention
Objective information-seeking behavior
Time frame: 6 months post-intervention
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data underlying the primary and secondary outcome analyses will be shared. This includes randomized treatment assignment, baseline covariates, outcome measures related to HPV vaccination intention, knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported vaccine uptake, as well as basic demographic variables. Data will be de-identified prior to sharing and will not include direct identifiers or information that could reasonably be used to re-identify participants.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Chatbot counseling, Misinformation-resistance pre-bunking inoculation and Short edutainment in people with HPV and HPV Vaccine, run by University of Pennsylvania at 1 site in Nigeria.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Nigeria. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Each site lists its own contact: choose the nearest one under Trial locations. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
HPV Vaccination Intention (1-Week Post-Intervention) (time frame: 1 week after exposure to the assigned intervention content). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jul 2026.