Tobacco UseNCT07501572
Robot-Assisted Immersive Escape Room Game for Tobacco Harm Prevention Among Elementary School Students
A study testing Robot-assisted Immersive Escape Room Game and Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention Education in people with Tobacco Use, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention for tobacco harm prevention among upper-grade elementary school students. A total of 200 fifth- and sixth-grade students from elementary schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan, will participate in this quasi-experimental… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 to 12 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Tobacco Use
- What is being tested?
- Robot-assisted Immersive Escape Room Game and Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2026to 1 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 to 12 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Fifth or sixth grade students from elementary schools in New Taipei City
- Age 10-12 years
- Written consent from parent/guardian
- Verbal assent from student
- Able to understand Chinese questionnaires
Who cannot join
- Prior participation in tobacco harm education trials
- History of tobacco-related allergies
- Unable to complete questionnaires
- Parental refusal to participate
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Taiwan1 site
Shuangfeng Elementary School, New Taipei City
New Taipei City, Xindian District, 231040
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of a Robot-Assisted Immersive Escape Room Game for Tobacco Harm Prevention Among Fifth- and Sixth-Grade Elementary School Students
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention for tobacco harm prevention among upper-grade elementary school students. A total of 200 fifth- and sixth-grade students from elementary schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan, will participate in this quasi-experimental, parallel-group design. Participants will be allocated non-randomly to either the experimental group, which receives the robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention, or the active comparator group, which receives standard classroom-based tobacco harm prevention education.
In the experimental arm, an educational robot named "Anti-Smoking Kebbi" serves as a non-player character (NPC) to facilitate human-robot interaction through puzzle-solving and scenario-based learning focused on e-cigarette and tobacco hazards. Both groups will be assessed using validated questionnaires at three time points: baseline (pre-intervention), immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. Primary and secondary outcome measures will include changes in tobacco harm knowledge, health beliefs, smoking refusal self-efficacy, extended expectation confirmation, learning engagement, behavioral intention, and advocacy intention.
Read the detailed description
This study investigates the effectiveness of a robot-assisted immersive escape room game for tobacco harm prevention among elementary school students. The intervention integrates human-robot interaction and gamified learning to enhance students' understanding of e-cigarette and tobacco-related health risks.
A quasi-experimental parallel-group design will be used. Approximately 200 fifth- and sixth-grade students from elementary schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan will participate. Schools will be assigned to either the experimental group or the control group based on matched characteristics such as school size and location.
Students in the experimental group will participate in a 60-minute robot-assisted immersive escape room activity. The educational robot "Anti-Smoking Kebbi" acts as a non-player character (NPC) guiding students through puzzle-solving tasks related to tobacco harm prevention. The control group will receive a standard classroom-based tobacco harm prevention lesson delivered by trained teachers.
Data will be collected using structured questionnaires administered at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at one-month follow-up. Outcomes include tobacco harm knowledge, health beliefs, smoking refusal self-efficacy, , extended expectation confirmation, learning engagement, behavioral Intention, and advocacy Intention will be assessed using structured questionnaires at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at one-month follow-up.
- Conditions
- Tobacco Use
- Being tested
- Robot-assisted Immersive Escape Room Game, Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention Education
- Keywords
- Educational Robot, Human-Robot Interaction, Escape Room Learning, Tobacco Prevention, E-cigarette Education
- Medical subject headings
- Tobacco Use
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Robot-assisted Immersive Escape Room GameBehavioural
Students participate in a 60-minute robot-assisted immersive escape room designed to prevent e-cigarette use. The session is facilitated by the educational robot "Anti-Smoking Kebbi," which acts as a non-player character (NPC) guiding students through interactive puzzles and scenario-based challenges. The activity integrates human-robot interaction and gamified learning strategies to teach the health risks of e-cigarette use and tobacco prevention concepts. The intervention is delivered once in a classroom setting.
Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention EducationBehavioural
Students receive a 60-minute standard classroom-based health education session on tobacco and e-cigarette harms delivered by trained teachers. The session uses lectures, presentation slides, and guided discussion to introduce the health risks of tobacco and e-cigarette use and strategies for prevention. The intervention is delivered once in a classroom setting.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Robot-Assisted Immersive Escape Room Intervention | Experimental | Students participate in a 60-minute robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention designed to prevent e-cigarette use. The program uses the "Anti-Smoking Kebbi" robot as a non-player character (NPC) to guide students through interactive puzzles and scenario-based tasks that teach the health risks of e-cigarette use and strategies for tobacco prevention. Receives: Behavioral: Robot-assisted Immersive Escape Room Game |
| Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention Education | Active comparator | Students receive a 60-minute traditional health education session on tobacco and e-cigarette harms delivered by trained teachers using lectures, slides, and classroom discussion, consistent with standard school-based health education practices. Receives: Behavioral: Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention Education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Tobacco Harm Knowledge
This study adapted the Tobacco Harm Knowledge Scale from the Youth Smoking Behavior Survey Questionnaire (Health Promotion Administration, 2021). The scale covers e-cigarette components, legal regulations, and health impacts to assess students' understanding of basic tobacco knowledge gained from the curriculum. The 10-item scale uses objective scoring (1 point for correct answers, 0 points for incorrect or "don't know" responses) and demonstrates acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.66).
Measured: Baseline (pre-intervention), immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up
Secondary outcomes (6)
Change in Health Beliefs About Tobacco Use
This study adapted the scale from Kueh, M. T. W., Rahim, F. F., \& Rashid, A. (2022). The questionnaire uses a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree." It begins with students' recognition of tobacco harm risks, such as "Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer" or "Smoking causes changes in appearance," to measure the strength of students' health beliefs and their awareness of smoking-related harms.
The 12-item scale employs a 5-point scoring system, with higher scores indicating stronger health beliefs. The scale demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.87).
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up.
Change in Smoking Refusal Self-Efficacy
This study adapted the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) from Zhang JX, Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M (1995), consisting of 7 items. It uses a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy. The scale demonstrates excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.94).
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up.
Extended Expectation Confirmation
This study was adapted from scale items by Gupta et al. (2021), Moon \& Kim (2001), and Venkatesh et al. (2012) to measure expectation confirmation regarding the e-cigarette prevention escape room game. It consists of 20 items using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater expectation confirmation. The scale demonstrates excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.94).
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up.
Learning Engagement
This study was adapted from Zaichkowsky (1994) to assess participants' engagement level with the e-cigarette prevention escape room game. It includes two dimensions-"cognitive engagement" and "emotional engagement"-comprising 10 items total. The scale uses a 7-point Likert format, with higher scores indicating greater agreement. The scale demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.83).
Measured: Immediately post-intervention.
Behavioral Intention
This study's behavioral intention measurement tool aims to assess specific behaviors for actual e-cigarette prevention. It was revised after expert review and pilot testing to ensure applicability, validity, and reliability. The scale was evaluated by three experts for semantic clarity and contextual appropriateness, with wording refined post-pilot. It demonstrates good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.77), consists of 3 items using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater likelihood of taking action.
Measured: Immediately post-intervention.
Advocacy Intention
This study's advocacy intention measurement tool aims to assess participants' willingness to promote e-cigarette prevention policies. It was revised after expert review and pilot testing to ensure applicability, validity, and reliability. The scale was evaluated by three experts for semantic clarity and contextual appropriateness, with wording refined post-pilot. It demonstrates good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.75), consists of 2 items using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater likelihood of advocacy action.
Measured: Immediately post-intervention and 1-month follow-up.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Mar 2026
- Study start1 Apr 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Tobacco UseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- A quasi-experimental parallel-group study conducted in six elementary schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Three schools were assigned to the experimental group receiving a robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention for e-cigarette harm prevention, while three matched schools served as the control group receiving standard health education. Pretest, posttest, and one-month follow-up assessments were conducted using structured questionnaires.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jong-Long Guo, Study director, National Taiwan Normal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07501572
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202504HM004
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 5 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 30 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: No IPD sharing planned due to small sample size (n=200 children), privacy concerns with pediatric participants, and limited resources for data repository management.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of a Robot-Assisted Immersive Escape Room Game for Tobacco Harm Prevention Among Fifth- and Sixth-Grade Elementary School Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07501572
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202504HM004
- Conditions
- Tobacco Use
- Keywords
- Educational Robot, Human-Robot Interaction, Escape Room Learning, Tobacco Prevention, E-cigarette Education
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention for tobacco harm prevention among upper-grade elementary school students. A total of 200 fifth- and sixth-grade students from elementary schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan, will participate in this quasi-experimental, parallel-group design. Participants will be allocated non-randomly to either the experimental group, which receives the robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention, or the active comparator group, which receives standard classroom-based tobacco harm prevention education.
In the experimental arm, an educational robot named "Anti-Smoking Kebbi" serves as a non-player character (NPC) to facilitate human-robot interaction through puzzle-solving and scenario-based learning focused on e-cigarette and tobacco hazards. Both groups will be assessed using validated questionnaires at three time points: baseline (pre-intervention), immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. Primary and secondary outcome measures will include changes in tobacco harm knowledge, health beliefs, smoking refusal self-efficacy, extended expectation confirmation, learning engagement, behavioral intention, and advocacy intention.
Detailed description
This study investigates the effectiveness of a robot-assisted immersive escape room game for tobacco harm prevention among elementary school students. The intervention integrates human-robot interaction and gamified learning to enhance students' understanding of e-cigarette and tobacco-related health risks.
A quasi-experimental parallel-group design will be used. Approximately 200 fifth- and sixth-grade students from elementary schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan will participate. Schools will be assigned to either the experimental group or the control group based on matched characteristics such as school size and location.
Students in the experimental group will participate in a 60-minute robot-assisted immersive escape room activity. The educational robot "Anti-Smoking Kebbi" acts as a non-player character (NPC) guiding students through puzzle-solving tasks related to tobacco harm prevention. The control group will receive a standard classroom-based tobacco harm prevention lesson delivered by trained teachers.
Data will be collected using structured questionnaires administered at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at one-month follow-up. Outcomes include tobacco harm knowledge, health beliefs, smoking refusal self-efficacy, , extended expectation confirmation, learning engagement, behavioral Intention, and advocacy Intention will be assessed using structured questionnaires at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at one-month follow-up.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- A quasi-experimental parallel-group study conducted in six elementary schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Three schools were assigned to the experimental group receiving a robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention for e-cigarette harm prevention, while three matched schools served as the control group receiving standard health education. Pretest, posttest, and one-month follow-up assessments were conducted using structured questionnaires.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Robot-Assisted Immersive Escape Room Intervention | Experimental | Behavioral: Robot-assisted Immersive Escape Room GameStudents participate in a 60-minute robot-assisted immersive escape room intervention designed to prevent e-cigarette use. The program uses the "Anti-Smoking Kebbi" robot as a non-player character (NPC) to guide students through interactive puzzles and scenario-based tasks that teach the health risks of e-cigarette use and strategies for tobacco prevention. |
| Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention Education | Active comparator | Behavioral: Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention EducationStudents receive a 60-minute traditional health education session on tobacco and e-cigarette harms delivered by trained teachers using lectures, slides, and classroom discussion, consistent with standard school-based health education practices. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 to 12 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Fifth or sixth grade students from elementary schools in New Taipei City
- Age 10-12 years
- Written consent from parent/guardian
- Verbal assent from student
- Able to understand Chinese questionnaires
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Prior participation in tobacco harm education trials
- History of tobacco-related allergies
- Unable to complete questionnaires
- Parental refusal to participate
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Robot-assisted Immersive Escape Room GameStudents participate in a 60-minute robot-assisted immersive escape room designed to prevent e-cigarette use. The session is facilitated by the educational robot "Anti-Smoking Kebbi," which acts as a non-player character (NPC) guiding students through interactive puzzles and scenario-based challenges. The activity integrates human-robot interaction and gamified learning strategies to teach the health risks of e-cigarette use and tobacco prevention concepts. The intervention is delivered once in a classroom setting. | Behavioural | Robot-Assisted Immersive Escape Room Intervention |
| Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention EducationStudents receive a 60-minute standard classroom-based health education session on tobacco and e-cigarette harms delivered by trained teachers. The session uses lectures, presentation slides, and guided discussion to introduce the health risks of tobacco and e-cigarette use and strategies for prevention. The intervention is delivered once in a classroom setting. | Behavioural | Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention Education |
Primary outcome
Change in Tobacco Harm Knowledge
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention), immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up
This study adapted the Tobacco Harm Knowledge Scale from the Youth Smoking Behavior Survey Questionnaire (Health Promotion Administration, 2021). The scale covers e-cigarette components, legal regulations, and health impacts to assess students' understanding of basic tobacco knowledge gained from the curriculum. The 10-item scale uses objective scoring (1 point for correct answers, 0 points for incorrect or "don't know" responses) and demonstrates acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.66).
6 secondary outcomes
Change in Health Beliefs About Tobacco Use
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up.
Change in Smoking Refusal Self-Efficacy
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up.
Extended Expectation Confirmation
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up.
Learning Engagement
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention.
Behavioral Intention
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention.
Advocacy Intention
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention and 1-month follow-up.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Mar 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. No IPD sharing planned due to small sample size (n=200 children), privacy concerns with pediatric participants, and limited resources for data repository management.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Jong-Long Guo study director
National Taiwan Normal University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Robot-assisted Immersive Escape Room Game and Traditional Tobacco Harm Prevention Education in people with Tobacco Use, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Tobacco Harm Knowledge (time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention), immediately post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Mar 2026.