Parkinson Disease (PD)NCT07503418
Enhancing Nursing Students' Empathy and Learning in Parkinson's Disease Through High-Fidelity Simulation and Blended Learning
A study testing Blended-learning capsules, High-Fidelity Physical Simulation and Simulated Home Environment in people with Parkinson Disease (PD), run by University of Cadiz at 1 site in Spain.
Trial summary
The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal Parkinson's disease-focused intervention on empathy levels and perceived theoretical-practical learning in third-year undergraduate nursing students. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Parkinson Disease (PD)
- What is being tested?
- Blended-learning capsules, High-Fidelity Physical Simulation and Simulated Home Environment
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSpain
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2025to 30 Jun 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Third-year undergraduate nursing students enrolled in Geriatric Nursing subject from a Faculty of Nursing of the University of Cadiz (Spain).
Who cannot join
- Participants who do not wish to take part in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Enhancing Nursing Students' Empathy and Learning in Parkinson's Disease Through High-Fidelity Simulation and Blended Learning: A Randomised Controlled Trial
The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal Parkinson's disease-focused intervention on empathy levels and perceived theoretical-practical learning in third-year undergraduate nursing students.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
- Will students receiving the multimodal intervention demonstrate significantly higher levels of clinical empathy compared to those receiving standard simulation-based workshops?
- Will the intervention significantly improve awareness of Parkinson's disease (PD) quality of life and the internalisation of the patient's lived experience?
Researchers will compare the experimental group, which receives a multimodal approach including blended learning and a simulated home environment, to a control group receiving standard simulation workshops on physiological aging to see if the multimodal strategy offers superior outcomes in clinical awareness and empathy development.
Participants will:
- Attend a two-hour initial theoretical session regarding neurodegenerative disorders and nursing care.
- Complete digital blended-learning micro-capsules covering PD pathophysiology and authentic patient testimonials (Experimental Group only).
- Engage in high-fidelity physical simulation using GERT® suits to perform activities of daily living (e.g., dressing, eating, and walking) within either a recreated domestic environment or a standard classroom setting.
- Participate in a structured debriefing session focused on reflective analysis of the emotional and functional impact of Parkinson's symptoms.
- Complete validated self-administered instruments during pretest and posttest phases to measure empathy, satisfaction, and perception of learning.
Read the detailed description
This study describes a randomized controlled trial designed to address the urgent need for specialized nursing education as the global prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) continues to rise. Researchers aim to evaluate how a multimodal intervention-combining digital learning with immersive simulation-affects the clinical empathy and theoretical-practical understanding of third-year nursing students.
The challenge of Parkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an unpredictable array of motor and non-motor symptoms. As the global burden of PD is projected to double by 2040, healthcare systems require nurses who possess not only technical skills but also a deep, humanized understanding of the patient's lived experience. Traditional educational methods often leave a gap in preparing students for the specific challenges of person-centered neurodegenerative care.
Study Design and Participants The study will involve 84 third-year nursing students from the University of Cadiz in Spain. These participants will be randomly assign to either a control group or an experimental group. While both groups will receive two hours of initial theoretical instruction on neurodegenerative disorders, their practical training will differ significantly.
The Multimodal Intervention
The experimental group will participate in a comprehensive, high-fidelity simulation experience designed to maximize psychological fidelity. This multimodal approach includes three key components:
- Blended-Learning Capsules: Students will access digital modules featuring authentic patient testimonials to provide a real-world context for PD pathophysiology.
- GERT® Geriatric Suits: Students will wear specialized suits designed to physically simulate the motor limitations and tremors associated with PD.
- Simulated Home Environment: Unlike the control group, who will practice in a standard classroom, the experimental group will perform activities of daily living-such as eating, dressing, and walking-within a room designed to look like a domestic home.
Following these activities, all students will participate in a structured debriefing, a reflective session where they will analyze the emotional and functional impact of the symptoms they will experience.
- Conditions
- Parkinson Disease (PD)
- Being tested
- Blended-learning capsules, High-Fidelity Physical Simulation, Simulated Home Environment
- Keywords
- Empathy, High Fidelity Simulation Training, Nursing Education Research, Parkinson Disease, Patient Simulation
- Medical subject headings
- Parkinson Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Blended-learning capsulesOther
Digital learning modules covering PD pathophysiology and authentic patient testimonials through audiovisual pills co-developed with the "Santa Adela" Parkinson's Association
High-Fidelity Physical SimulationOther
Using GERT® geriatric suits specifically configured to simulate PD symptoms.
Simulated Home EnvironmentOther
The EG simulation workshop was delivered in a home-visit simulation room designed to resemble a domestic setting, furnished with household-style equipment and furniture
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Experimental Group (EG) will perform a multimodal simulation experience. Receives: Other: Blended-learning capsules; Other: High-Fidelity Physical Simulation; Other: Simulated Home Environment |
| Control Group | No intervention | Control Group will participate in a standard workshop on physiological ageing using GERT® simulators. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Clinical empathy
Clinical empathy will be measured by the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), validated into Spanish. It is made up of 20 items with scoring using a 7-points Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). Ten of the 20 questions are valued negatively (and rectified positively in the subsequent analysis), in order to reduce the effect of acquiescence when responding. The range of possible scores goes from 20 to 140 points. The highest scores are associated with a greater degree of empathy.
Measured: Day 1 (pretest) and Day 3 (post-test).
Awareness of Parkinson Disease quality of life
It will measure by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), validated into Spanish. The PDQ-39 questionnaire assesses how often people with Parkinson's experience difficulties across 8 dimensions of daily living including relationships, social situations and communication. Although it is an instrument originally conceived as a patient-reported measure of health-related quality of life, students will asked to complete it by "taking the perspective" as if they were patients with the disease. Scores are expressed as a percentage, ranging from 0 (never have difficulty) to 100 (always have difficulty), with lower scores indicating better quality of life and higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Measured: Day 1 (pretest) and Day 3 (post-test).
Secondary outcomes (2)
Learning perception
It will measure by the Educational Practices Questionnaire (EPQ). The scale consists of sixteen questions divided into the following subscales: Active Learning (items 1-10), Collaboration (items 11 and 12), Diverse Learning Methods (items 13 and 14), and High Expectations (items 15 and 16). Furthermore, the scale is divided into two parts. One of these concerns the presence of statements given during simulation classes (EPQ-PO), and the other one concerns their validity, in the student's opinion, during the classes (EPQ-IO). Higher scores mean greater recognition of educational best practices in simulations.
Measured: Day 3 (post-test).
Satisfaction with the simulations
It will measure by the Spanish version of the High-Fidelity Simulation Satisfaction Scale for Students (ESSAF). This scale contains 33 statements answered on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with a minimum score of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The 33 items are grouped into 8 dimensions of student perception of clinical simulation: "Usefulness", "Characteristics of cases and applications", "Communication", "Perceived performance", "Increased self-confidence", "Relationship between theory and practice", "Facilities and equipment" and "Negative aspects". Higher scores indicating greater satisfaction.
Measured: Day 3 (post-test).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted31 Mar 2026
- Study start1 Feb 2025
- Primary completion31 May 2025
- Study completion30 Jun 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Parkinson Disease (PD)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Cadiz
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Antonio Jesús Marín Paz, University of Cadiz
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07503418
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CEENB-OMGs-018_2025
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 25 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 31 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The dataset compiled during the study, which has been appropriately processed to ensure the anonymity of the participants, will be made openly available when the study results are published.
Publications
Ward J, Schaal M, Sullivan J, Bowen ME, Erdmann JB, Hojat M. Reliability and validity of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in undergraduate nursing students. J Nurs Meas. 2009;17(1):73-88. doi: 10.1891/1061-3749.17.1.73.
PubMed 19902660Wang Y, Wang C, Yang Z, Tang Y, Chen W, Zheng Y, Wei Z, Li H. Latent profile analysis of empathy ability and its relationship with professional quality of life among hospice nurses in China. BMC Nurs. 2024 Sep 16;23(1):658. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02299-9.
PubMed 39285294Wang R, Raman A. Systematic literature review on the effects of blended learning in nursing education. Nurse Educ Pract. 2025 Jan;82:104238. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104238. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
PubMed 39700839Vangone I, Arrigoni C, Magon A, Conte G, Russo S, Belloni S, Stievano A, Alfes CM, Caruso R. The efficacy of high-fidelity simulation on knowledge and performance in undergraduate nursing students: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2024 Aug;139:106231. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106231. Epub 2024 Apr 30.
PubMed 38701671van Munster M, Czabanowska K, Clemens T, Wieczorek E, Pedrosa D, Mestre TA, Stumpel J. Priorities in healthcare provision in Parkinson's disease from the perspective of Parkinson Nurses: A focus group study. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2024 Jun 12;7:100213. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100213. eCollection 2024 Dec.
PubMed 39161697Tosin MHS, Mecone CAC, Oliveira EFM, Tsui DS, Tan SB, Irene S, Oliveira BC, de Oliveira BGRB. Nursing and Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review of Worldwide Studies. Clin Nurs Res. 2022 Feb;31(2):230-238. doi: 10.1177/10547738211044047. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
PubMed 34486425Tolosa E, Garrido A, Scholz SW, Poewe W. Challenges in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2021 May;20(5):385-397. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00030-2.
PubMed 33894193Su D, Cui Y, He C, Yin P, Bai R, Zhu J, Lam JST, Zhang J, Yan R, Zheng X, Wu J, Zhao D, Wang A, Zhou M, Feng T. Projections for prevalence of Parkinson's disease and its driving factors in 195 countries and territories to 2050: modelling study of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. BMJ. 2025 Mar 5;388:e080952. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2024-080952.
PubMed 40044233Martinez-Martin P, Frades Payo B. Quality of life in Parkinson's disease: validation study of the PDQ-39 Spanish version. The Grupo Centro for Study of Movement Disorders. J Neurol. 1998 May;245 Suppl 1:S34-8. doi: 10.1007/pl00007737.
PubMed 9617722Martinez-Arce A, Rodriguez-Almagro J, Velez-Velez E, Rodriguez-Gomez P, Tovar-Reinoso A, Hernandez-Martinez A. Validation of a short version of the high-fidelity simulation satisfaction scale in nursing students. BMC Nurs. 2023 Sep 28;22(1):344. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01515-2.
PubMed 37770843Li YY, Au ML, Tong LK, Ng WI, Wang SC. High-fidelity simulation in undergraduate nursing education: A meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Apr;111:105291. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105291. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
PubMed 35158134Levett-Jones T, Cant R, Lapkin S. A systematic review of the effectiveness of empathy education for undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2019 Apr;75:80-94. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 26.
PubMed 30739841Hopewell S, Chan AW, Collins GS, Hrobjartsson A, Moher D, Schulz KF, Tunn R, Aggarwal R, Berkwits M, Berlin JA, Bhandari N, Butcher NJ, Campbell MK, Chidebe RCW, Elbourne D, Farmer A, Fergusson DA, Golub RM, Goodman SN, Hoffmann TC, Ioannidis JPA, Kahan BC, Knowles RL, Lamb SE, Lewis S, Loder E, Offringa M, Ravaud P, Richards DP, Rockhold FW, Schriger DL, Siegried NL, Staniszewska S, Taylor RS, Thabane L, Torgerson D, Vohra S, White IR, Boutron I. CONSORT 2025 statement: Updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. PLoS Med. 2025 Apr 14;22(4):e1004587. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004587. eCollection 2025 Apr.
PubMed 40228477Farres-Tarafa M, Roldan-Merino J, Lorenzo-Seva U, Hurtado-Pardos B, Biurrun-Garrido A, Molina-Raya L, Morera-Pomarede MJ, Bande D, Raurell-Torreda M, Casas I. Reliability and validity study of the Spanish adaptation of the "Educational Practices Questionnaire" (EPQ). PLoS One. 2020 Sep 17;15(9):e0239014. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239014. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 32941464Crooks S, Stark P, Carlisle S, McMullan J, Copeland S, Wong WYA, Blake D, Lyons E, Campbell N, Carter G, Wilson CB, Mitchell G. Evaluation of a co-designed Parkinson's awareness audio podcast for undergraduate nursing students in Northern Ireland. BMC Nurs. 2023 Oct 9;22(1):370. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01544-x.
PubMed 37814245
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Enhancing Nursing Students' Empathy and Learning in Parkinson's Disease Through High-Fidelity Simulation and Blended Learning: A Randomised Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07503418
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CEENB-OMGs-018_2025
- Conditions
- Parkinson Disease (PD)
- Keywords
- Empathy, High Fidelity Simulation Training, Nursing Education Research, Parkinson Disease, Patient Simulation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of CadizUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 31 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal Parkinson's disease-focused intervention on empathy levels and perceived theoretical-practical learning in third-year undergraduate nursing students.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Will students receiving the multimodal intervention demonstrate significantly higher levels of clinical empathy compared to those receiving standard simulation-based workshops?
- Will the intervention significantly improve awareness of Parkinson's disease (PD) quality of life and the internalisation of the patient's lived experience?
Researchers will compare the experimental group, which receives a multimodal approach including blended learning and a simulated home environment, to a control group receiving standard simulation workshops on physiological aging to see if the multimodal strategy offers superior outcomes in clinical awareness and empathy development.
Participants will:
- Attend a two-hour initial theoretical session regarding neurodegenerative disorders and nursing care.
- Complete digital blended-learning micro-capsules covering PD pathophysiology and authentic patient testimonials (Experimental Group only).
- Engage in high-fidelity physical simulation using GERT® suits to perform activities of daily living (e.g., dressing, eating, and walking) within either a recreated domestic environment or a standard classroom setting.
- Participate in a structured debriefing session focused on reflective analysis of the emotional and functional impact of Parkinson's symptoms.
- Complete validated self-administered instruments during pretest and posttest phases to measure empathy, satisfaction, and perception of learning.
Detailed description
This study describes a randomized controlled trial designed to address the urgent need for specialized nursing education as the global prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) continues to rise. Researchers aim to evaluate how a multimodal intervention-combining digital learning with immersive simulation-affects the clinical empathy and theoretical-practical understanding of third-year nursing students.
The challenge of Parkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an unpredictable array of motor and non-motor symptoms. As the global burden of PD is projected to double by 2040, healthcare systems require nurses who possess not only technical skills but also a deep, humanized understanding of the patient's lived experience. Traditional educational methods often leave a gap in preparing students for the specific challenges of person-centered neurodegenerative care.
Study Design and Participants The study will involve 84 third-year nursing students from the University of Cadiz in Spain. These participants will be randomly assign to either a control group or an experimental group. While both groups will receive two hours of initial theoretical instruction on neurodegenerative disorders, their practical training will differ significantly.
The Multimodal Intervention
The experimental group will participate in a comprehensive, high-fidelity simulation experience designed to maximize psychological fidelity. This multimodal approach includes three key components:
- Blended-Learning Capsules: Students will access digital modules featuring authentic patient testimonials to provide a real-world context for PD pathophysiology.
- GERT® Geriatric Suits: Students will wear specialized suits designed to physically simulate the motor limitations and tremors associated with PD.
- Simulated Home Environment: Unlike the control group, who will practice in a standard classroom, the experimental group will perform activities of daily living-such as eating, dressing, and walking-within a room designed to look like a domestic home.
Following these activities, all students will participate in a structured debriefing, a reflective session where they will analyze the emotional and functional impact of the symptoms they will experience.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Other: Blended-learning capsules, Other: High-Fidelity Physical Simulation, Other: Simulated Home EnvironmentExperimental Group (EG) will perform a multimodal simulation experience. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Control Group will participate in a standard workshop on physiological ageing using GERT® simulators. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Third-year undergraduate nursing students enrolled in Geriatric Nursing subject from a Faculty of Nursing of the University of Cadiz (Spain).
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants who do not wish to take part in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Blended-learning capsulesDigital learning modules covering PD pathophysiology and authentic patient testimonials through audiovisual pills co-developed with the "Santa Adela" Parkinson's Association | Other | Experimental group |
| High-Fidelity Physical SimulationUsing GERT® geriatric suits specifically configured to simulate PD symptoms. | Other | Experimental group |
| Simulated Home EnvironmentThe EG simulation workshop was delivered in a home-visit simulation room designed to resemble a domestic setting, furnished with household-style equipment and furniture | Other | Experimental group |
Primary outcome
Clinical empathy
Time frame: Day 1 (pretest) and Day 3 (post-test).
Clinical empathy will be measured by the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), validated into Spanish. It is made up of 20 items with scoring using a 7-points Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). Ten of the 20 questions are valued negatively (and rectified positively in the subsequent analysis), in order to reduce the effect of acquiescence when responding. The range of possible scores goes from 20 to 140 points. The highest scores are associated with a greater degree of empathy.
Awareness of Parkinson Disease quality of life
Time frame: Day 1 (pretest) and Day 3 (post-test).
It will measure by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), validated into Spanish. The PDQ-39 questionnaire assesses how often people with Parkinson's experience difficulties across 8 dimensions of daily living including relationships, social situations and communication. Although it is an instrument originally conceived as a patient-reported measure of health-related quality of life, students will asked to complete it by "taking the perspective" as if they were patients with the disease. Scores are expressed as a percentage, ranging from 0 (never have difficulty) to 100 (always have difficulty), with lower scores indicating better quality of life and higher scores indicating greater impairment.
2 secondary outcomes
Learning perception
Time frame: Day 3 (post-test).
Satisfaction with the simulations
Time frame: Day 3 (post-test).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 19902660Ward J, Schaal M, Sullivan J, Bowen ME, Erdmann JB, Hojat M. Reliability and validity of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in undergraduate nursing students. J Nurs Meas. 2009;17(1):73-88. doi: 10.1891/1061-3749.17.1.73.
- Background: PubMed 39285294Wang Y, Wang C, Yang Z, Tang Y, Chen W, Zheng Y, Wei Z, Li H. Latent profile analysis of empathy ability and its relationship with professional quality of life among hospice nurses in China. BMC Nurs. 2024 Sep 16;23(1):658. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02299-9.
- Background: PubMed 39700839Wang R, Raman A. Systematic literature review on the effects of blended learning in nursing education. Nurse Educ Pract. 2025 Jan;82:104238. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104238. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
- Background: PubMed 38701671Vangone I, Arrigoni C, Magon A, Conte G, Russo S, Belloni S, Stievano A, Alfes CM, Caruso R. The efficacy of high-fidelity simulation on knowledge and performance in undergraduate nursing students: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2024 Aug;139:106231. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106231. Epub 2024 Apr 30.
- Background: PubMed 39161697van Munster M, Czabanowska K, Clemens T, Wieczorek E, Pedrosa D, Mestre TA, Stumpel J. Priorities in healthcare provision in Parkinson's disease from the perspective of Parkinson Nurses: A focus group study. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2024 Jun 12;7:100213. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100213. eCollection 2024 Dec.
- Background: PubMed 34486425Tosin MHS, Mecone CAC, Oliveira EFM, Tsui DS, Tan SB, Irene S, Oliveira BC, de Oliveira BGRB. Nursing and Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review of Worldwide Studies. Clin Nurs Res. 2022 Feb;31(2):230-238. doi: 10.1177/10547738211044047. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
- Background: PubMed 33894193Tolosa E, Garrido A, Scholz SW, Poewe W. Challenges in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2021 May;20(5):385-397. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00030-2.
- Background: PubMed 40044233Su D, Cui Y, He C, Yin P, Bai R, Zhu J, Lam JST, Zhang J, Yan R, Zheng X, Wu J, Zhao D, Wang A, Zhou M, Feng T. Projections for prevalence of Parkinson's disease and its driving factors in 195 countries and territories to 2050: modelling study of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. BMJ. 2025 Mar 5;388:e080952. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2024-080952.
- Background: PubMed 9617722Martinez-Martin P, Frades Payo B. Quality of life in Parkinson's disease: validation study of the PDQ-39 Spanish version. The Grupo Centro for Study of Movement Disorders. J Neurol. 1998 May;245 Suppl 1:S34-8. doi: 10.1007/pl00007737.
- Background: PubMed 37770843Martinez-Arce A, Rodriguez-Almagro J, Velez-Velez E, Rodriguez-Gomez P, Tovar-Reinoso A, Hernandez-Martinez A. Validation of a short version of the high-fidelity simulation satisfaction scale in nursing students. BMC Nurs. 2023 Sep 28;22(1):344. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01515-2.
- Background: PubMed 35158134Li YY, Au ML, Tong LK, Ng WI, Wang SC. High-fidelity simulation in undergraduate nursing education: A meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Apr;111:105291. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105291. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
- Background: PubMed 30739841Levett-Jones T, Cant R, Lapkin S. A systematic review of the effectiveness of empathy education for undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2019 Apr;75:80-94. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 26.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The dataset compiled during the study, which has been appropriately processed to ensure the anonymity of the participants, will be made openly available when the study results are published.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Blended-learning capsules, High-Fidelity Physical Simulation and Simulated Home Environment in people with Parkinson Disease (PD), run by University of Cadiz at 1 site in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Clinical empathy (time frame: Day 1 (pretest) and Day 3 (post-test).). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07503418, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Mar 2026.