Healthy IndividualsNCT07525050
The Breakfast Study: How Different Aspects of Food Affect Eating
A study testing UPF breakfast/MPF breakfast and MPF breakfast/UPF breakfast in people with Healthy Individuals, run by USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this research study is to test how different aspects of food including food processing affect eating behaviors. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Individuals
- What is being tested?
- UPF breakfast/MPF breakfast and MPF breakfast/UPF breakfast
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 25 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 8 Jun 2026to 2 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- do not have restrictive eating practices
- regularly consume breakfast
- able to understand and sign the consent form
- have own transportation to the research center
- not allergic to study foods or unwilling to eat them
- willing to comply with study demands
- able to read and understand English
- available to attend two in-person visits on a weekday and/or Saturday morning from 7:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m.
Who cannot join
- taking statins, medication to lower blood pressure, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, or weight-loss medications
- pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant
- diagnosed with an eating disorder, hypothyroidism, or cancer
- allergy to study foods or express unwillingness to consume them
- have gained or lost more than 10 pounds in the last 3 months
- regular participants in vigorous endurance or resistance exercise (e.g., marathons, endurance bike races, triathlons, CrossFit, powerlifting)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
USDA ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58203
About this study
Official title: Impact of a Healthy Meal Containing Mostly Ultra-processed Foods Compared to a Healthy Meal With Less-processed Foods on Satiety and Eating Behaviors
The purpose of this research study is to test how different aspects of food including food processing affect eating behaviors.
Read the detailed description
The purpose of this project is to begin to address the current gap in research on ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and satiety with an acute feeding study that compares nutrient-dense meals containing mostly UPFs or "minimally processed" foods (MPFs) (mostly meaning ≥80% kcal) with similar food types and texture and macronutrient content to assess potential impacts on satiety, eating rate, food palatability, acceptance, and oral processing behaviors.
- Conditions
- Healthy Individuals
- Being tested
- UPF breakfast/MPF breakfast, MPF breakfast/UPF breakfast
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
UPF breakfast/MPF breakfastOther
Participants will be provided with the UPF breakfast during the first study visit and the MPF breakfast during the second study visit
MPF breakfast/UPF breakfastOther
Participants will be provided with the MPF breakfast during the first study visit and the UPF breakfast during the second study visit
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| UPF breakfast then MPF breakfast | Experimental | Participants will consume the UPF breakfast during the first study visit and the MPF breakfast during the second study visit Receives: Other: UPF breakfast/MPF breakfast |
| MPF breakfast then UPF breakfast | Experimental | Participants will consume the MPF breakfast during the first study visit and the UPF breakfast during the second study visit Receives: Other: MPF breakfast/UPF breakfast |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Difference in satiety as determined by visual analogue scales (VAS)
Participants will complete visual analogue scales (VAS) on satiety measures during each study visit. VAS are represented by 100mm lines anchored at each end by descriptive extremes. For satiety, these extremes are statements about desire to eat (very weak; very strong), hunger (not hungry; as hungry as I've ever felt), fullness (not full; totally full), satisfied (completely empty; cannot eat another bite), prospective consumption (not at all; a large amount). Participants indicate via marks on the VAS line the extent to which they experience each sensation at a given timepoint. Measurements are tracked across time and plotted on a graph from baseline to the time preceding the next meal and the area under the curve above the baseline measurement is calculated.
Measured: Day 1, Day 15
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Apr 2026
- Study start8 Jun 2026
- Primary completion2 Oct 2026
- Study completion2 Oct 2026
Why it stopped: Study ended per department priorities.
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Healthy IndividualsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
- Sponsor type
- US federal agency
- Collaborators
- University of North Dakota
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Julie Hess, PhD, Principal investigator, USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07525050
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GFHNRC220
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 14 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of a Healthy Meal Containing Mostly Ultra-processed Foods Compared to a Healthy Meal With Less-processed Foods on Satiety and Eating Behaviors
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07525050
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GFHNRC220
- Conditions
- Healthy Individuals
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: Study ended per department priorities.
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research CenterUS federal agency
- Collaborators
- University of North Dakota
- Study start
- 8 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 Oct 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this research study is to test how different aspects of food including food processing affect eating behaviors.
Detailed description
The purpose of this project is to begin to address the current gap in research on ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and satiety with an acute feeding study that compares nutrient-dense meals containing mostly UPFs or "minimally processed" foods (MPFs) (mostly meaning ≥80% kcal) with similar food types and texture and macronutrient content to assess potential impacts on satiety, eating rate, food palatability, acceptance, and oral processing behaviors.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| UPF breakfast then MPF breakfast | Experimental | Other: UPF breakfast/MPF breakfastParticipants will consume the UPF breakfast during the first study visit and the MPF breakfast during the second study visit |
| MPF breakfast then UPF breakfast | Experimental | Other: MPF breakfast/UPF breakfastParticipants will consume the MPF breakfast during the first study visit and the UPF breakfast during the second study visit |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- do not have restrictive eating practices
- regularly consume breakfast
- able to understand and sign the consent form
- have own transportation to the research center
- not allergic to study foods or unwilling to eat them
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- taking statins, medication to lower blood pressure, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, or weight-loss medications
- pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant
- diagnosed with an eating disorder, hypothyroidism, or cancer
- allergy to study foods or express unwillingness to consume them
- have gained or lost more than 10 pounds in the last 3 months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| UPF breakfast/MPF breakfastParticipants will be provided with the UPF breakfast during the first study visit and the MPF breakfast during the second study visit | Other | UPF breakfast then MPF breakfast |
| MPF breakfast/UPF breakfastParticipants will be provided with the MPF breakfast during the first study visit and the UPF breakfast during the second study visit | Other | MPF breakfast then UPF breakfast |
Primary outcome
Difference in satiety as determined by visual analogue scales (VAS)
Time frame: Day 1, Day 15
Participants will complete visual analogue scales (VAS) on satiety measures during each study visit. VAS are represented by 100mm lines anchored at each end by descriptive extremes. For satiety, these extremes are statements about desire to eat (very weak; very strong), hunger (not hungry; as hungry as I've ever felt), fullness (not full; totally full), satisfied (completely empty; cannot eat another bite), prospective consumption (not at all; a large amount). Participants indicate via marks on the VAS line the extent to which they experience each sensation at a given timepoint. Measurements are tracked across time and plotted on a graph from baseline to the time preceding the next meal and the area under the curve above the baseline measurement is calculated.
Results and safety
The study was stopped early (reason given: Study ended per department priorities.). Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Oct 2026.
- USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center - see Active Research StudiesLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Julie Hess, PhD principal investigator
USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing UPF breakfast/MPF breakfast and MPF breakfast/UPF breakfast in people with Healthy Individuals, run by USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was stopped early (reason given: Study ended per department priorities.). Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Difference in satiety as determined by visual analogue scales (VAS) (time frame: Day 1, Day 15). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Oct 2026.