Type 2 DiabetesNCT07531459
Compilation and Preliminary Application of the Active Health Behavior Scale in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
An observational study of Type 2 Diabetes, run by Yun Ye at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
This study aims to develop the Active Health Behavior Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and evaluate its psychometric properties, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Type 2 Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- Cross-sectional Study
- How many people
- 600 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 24 Dec 2025to 20 Feb 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Phase I (Interview, Dec 2025-Feb 2026): T2DM patients and relevant healthcare workers (n ≈ 30) from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Phase II (Scale validation, Jun-Sep 2026): T2DM patients (n ≈ 300) at the same hospital. Phase III (Survey, Oct-Dec 2026): T2DM patients (sample size to be determined) at the same hospital.
Who may be able to join
- Patients with T2DM
- Who have been diagnosed with T2DM and meet the diagnostic criteria defined by the Chinese Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes (2024 Edition);
- Aged ≥18 years;
- Who volunteer to participate in this study.
- Healthcare workers:
- Clinicians and nurses who have been engaged in medical care in the endocrine field for ≥5 years;
- Who hold a Bachelor's degree or above and have an intermediate or above professional title.
Who cannot join
- Patients with T2DM:
- Who have acute complications of T2DM or other serious life-threatening diseases that preclude cooperation with the study;
- Who have cognitive impairment or are unable to communicate in writing or verbally
- Healthcare workers:
- Who do not have direct contact with patients;
- Who are currently undergoing standardized training or refresher programs.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
China1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University（THE FIRST PEOPLE'S HOSPITAL OF CHANGZHOU）
Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000
Yun Ye, 0519-68870000, ntyeyun@163.com
About this study
This study aims to develop the Active Health Behavior Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and evaluate its psychometric properties, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Additionally, this research will investigate the current status of active health behaviors among T2DM patients and employ latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct behavioral subtypes. Furthermore, differences in demographic, clinical, and psychosocial determinants across the identified latent classes will be examined to inform tailored intervention strategies.
Read the detailed description
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin secretion deficiency or impaired insulin utilization, with elevated blood glucose as its primary feature. Data show that China has over 140 million DM patients, accounting for 25% of the global DM population and ranking first worldwide. Clinical DM includes Type 1 DM (T1DM), Type 2 DM (T2DM), and other specific types, among which T2DM is the most common, comprising over 90% of all DM cases globally. Unlike T1DM, which results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, T2DM arises from the combined effects of genetic factors and unhealthy lifestyles (such as high-fat diets and physical inactivity), leading to abnormal elevation of blood glucose levels. As its development involves numerous modifiable risk factors, T2DM is regarded as a "lifestyle-related disease." Poor lifestyle among T2DM patients can result in inadequate glycemic control, subsequently causing various disabling or even life-threatening complications Therefore, a healthy lifestyle constitutes the cornerstone for preventing and treating T2DM and its complications; effective glycemic control through health behaviors, with achievement of stable and target glucose levels, represents the key to preventing and delaying the onset and progression of complications. Therefore, T2DM patients urgently need to proactively adopt and maintain healthy behaviors including healthy dietary patterns, regular physical exercise, smoking cessation, and healthy body weight maintenance to effectively control blood glucose, prevent complications, and improve their quality of life.
Proactive Health Behavior refers to a series of health behaviors that individuals actively adopt and persistently maintain throughout the life-cycle health management process, including healthy diet, exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol limitation, regular sleep schedule, etc. Individuals with such behavior pay close attention to their health risks, give full play to their subjective initiative, strive to overcome obstacles in disease prevention and treatment, and promote physical, psychological, and social well-being.
Previous studies have shown that when patients with T2DM consciously improve their dietary structure and increase the intake of dietary fiber and plant protein, the risk of diabetic retinopathy is reduced by approximately 47%, and the risk of stroke-related mortality is reduced by approximately 60%. Patients who actively exercise more than once per week have 1.32 times greater effectiveness in blood glucose control compared to those who exercise less than once per week. Higher frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and better medication adherence are more conducive to disease control. Therefore, promoting proactive health behavior among T2DM patients is not only an effective means of optimizing various clinical indicators, but also of significant importance for preventing complications and improving patients' overall health status and quality of life.
This study aims to develop and validate the "Active Health Behavior Scale for T2DM Patients", consisting of three phases. Phase I: developing the initial draft of the scale through literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and Delphi expert consultation; Phase II: reliability and validity testing. Phase III: using the scale developed in phase I and phase II to conduct a survey.
The statistical methods of this study are as follows:This study will use R software,or SPSS, or Mplus for statistical analysis. Firstly, in the scale development stage, item selection and optimization will be conducted using the critical ratio method, correlation analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient, or exploratory factor analysis. Secondly, in the scale validation stage, validity will be evaluated through content validity (I-CVI and S-CVI), structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), construct validity (AVE and CR), and criterion-related validity. Reliability will be assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. Finally, in the third stage (survey phase), latent profile analysis will be performed to identify latent classes of proactive health behaviors among patients with T2DM, and univariate analysis as well as multivariate regression analysis will be conducted to explore the influencing factors.
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Being tested
- Cross-sectional Study
- Keywords
- Type 2 diabetes, scale, Active health behaviors
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cross-sectional StudyOther
In phase I, face-to-face semi-structured interviews will be conducted with approximately 15 patients with T2DM and 15 relevant healthcare workers (clinicians and nurses) from the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Each interview will last 15-30 minutes and take place in a quiet setting, such as an inpatient ward or demonstration classroom. In phase II (scale validation) and phase III (survey), T2DM patients attending the same department will be recruited.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as healthcare workers (clinicians and nurses) | In phase I, face-to-face semi-structured interviews will be conducted with approximately 15 patients with T2DM and 15 relevant healthcare workers (clinicians and nurses) from the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Each interview will last 15-30 minutes and take place in a quiet setting, such as an inpatient ward or demonstration classroom. In phase II (scale validation) and phase III (survey), T2DM patients attending the same department will be recruited. Receives: Other: Cross-sectional Study |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total scale score of the Active Health Behavior Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
The Active Health Behavior Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus will be developed and validated in Phase I and Phase II of this study, to assess the level of proactive health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The exact dimensions, number of items, and total score range of the scale will be finalized after study Phase II. A five-point Likert-type measurement will be used to answer each question, including 'very consistent, consistent, neutral, inconsistent, and very inconsistent'. Each response is assigned to a numerical value (from 1 to 5, e.g., 5 = very consistent and 1 = very inconsistent), where higher scores on the scale will indicate better proactive health behaviors in patients., allowing for quantitative analysis of the data collected in Phase III. The total score range of this scale will be determined by the final number of items.
Measured: One year, from December 2025 to December 2026
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Apr 2026
- Study start24 Dec 2025
- Primary completion20 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Feb 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Type 2 DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 600 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yun Ye
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Yun Ye, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07531459
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- (2026) Education No. 014
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 31 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 15 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Publications
FEDERATION I D. Types of diabetes[EB/OL]. https://idf.org/.
Wang MD, Gao WJ, Chen MX, et al. Concept analysis of proactive health behavior. Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing, 2025, 31(30): 4194-4200.
Guo Y, Gu JP, Zhu DM, et al. Application effect of "Internet + nursing service" during insulin therapy in children with diabetes. Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment, 2024, 30(4): 774-776.
Li Y, Wang JG, Zhang HJ. Investigation on medication adherence among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in the community. Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment, 2024, 30(2): 252-254.
Shi Z, Zhang XK. Medication use and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Henan Province. Journal of Binzhou Medical University, 2025, 48(4): 413-417.
Zhou YC, Liu JM, Zhao ZP, Zhou MG, Ng M. The national and provincial prevalence and non-fatal burdens of diabetes in China from 2005 to 2023 with projections of prevalence to 2050. Mil Med Res. 2025 Jun 2;12(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40779-025-00615-1.
PubMed 40457495Duncan BB, Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ. IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th edition 2025: global prevalence and projections for 2050. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2025 Dec 23;41(1):7-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaf177. No abstract available.
PubMed 40874767H E R I F. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network.Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[EB/OL]. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.
Sone H, Horikawa C, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Kawasaki R, Fujihara K, Moriya T, Araki A, Tanaka S, Akanuma Y. Japan Diabetes Complications Study: Revisiting one of the first large-scale clinical studies in East Asians with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2025 Mar;16(3):360-369. doi: 10.1111/jdi.14394. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
PubMed 39716905
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Compilation and Preliminary Application of the Active Health Behavior Scale in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07531459
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- (2026) Education No. 014
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Keywords
- Type 2 diabetes, scale, Active health behaviors
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 600 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Yun YeUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 24 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 15 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to develop the Active Health Behavior Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and evaluate its psychometric properties, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Additionally, this research will investigate the current status of active health behaviors among T2DM patients and employ latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct behavioral subtypes. Furthermore, differences in demographic, clinical, and psychosocial determinants across the identified latent classes will be examined to inform tailored intervention strategies.
Detailed description
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin secretion deficiency or impaired insulin utilization, with elevated blood glucose as its primary feature. Data show that China has over 140 million DM patients, accounting for 25% of the global DM population and ranking first worldwide. Clinical DM includes Type 1 DM (T1DM), Type 2 DM (T2DM), and other specific types, among which T2DM is the most common, comprising over 90% of all DM cases globally. Unlike T1DM, which results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, T2DM arises from the combined effects of genetic factors and unhealthy lifestyles (such as high-fat diets and physical inactivity), leading to abnormal elevation of blood glucose levels. As its development involves numerous modifiable risk factors, T2DM is regarded as a "lifestyle-related disease." Poor lifestyle among T2DM patients can result in inadequate glycemic control, subsequently causing various disabling or even life-threatening complications Therefore, a healthy lifestyle constitutes the cornerstone for preventing and treating T2DM and its complications; effective glycemic control through health behaviors, with achievement of stable and target glucose levels, represents the key to preventing and delaying the onset and progression of complications. Therefore, T2DM patients urgently need to proactively adopt and maintain healthy behaviors including healthy dietary patterns, regular physical exercise, smoking cessation, and healthy body weight maintenance to effectively control blood glucose, prevent complications, and improve their quality of life.
Proactive Health Behavior refers to a series of health behaviors that individuals actively adopt and persistently maintain throughout the life-cycle health management process, including healthy diet, exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol limitation, regular sleep schedule, etc. Individuals with such behavior pay close attention to their health risks, give full play to their subjective initiative, strive to overcome obstacles in disease prevention and treatment, and promote physical, psychological, and social well-being.
Previous studies have shown that when patients with T2DM consciously improve their dietary structure and increase the intake of dietary fiber and plant protein, the risk of diabetic retinopathy is reduced by approximately 47%, and the risk of stroke-related mortality is reduced by approximately 60%. Patients who actively exercise more than once per week have 1.32 times greater effectiveness in blood glucose control compared to those who exercise less than once per week. Higher frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and better medication adherence are more conducive to disease control. Therefore, promoting proactive health behavior among T2DM patients is not only an effective means of optimizing various clinical indicators, but also of significant importance for preventing complications and improving patients' overall health status and quality of life.
This study aims to develop and validate the "Active Health Behavior Scale for T2DM Patients", consisting of three phases. Phase I: developing the initial draft of the scale through literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and Delphi expert consultation; Phase II: reliability and validity testing. Phase III: using the scale developed in phase I and phase II to conduct a survey.
The statistical methods of this study are as follows:This study will use R software,or SPSS, or Mplus for statistical analysis. Firstly, in the scale development stage, item selection and optimization will be conducted using the critical ratio method, correlation analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient, or exploratory factor analysis. Secondly, in the scale validation stage, validity will be evaluated through content validity (I-CVI and S-CVI), structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), construct validity (AVE and CR), and criterion-related validity. Reliability will be assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. Finally, in the third stage (survey phase), latent profile analysis will be performed to identify latent classes of proactive health behaviors among patients with T2DM, and univariate analysis as well as multivariate regression analysis will be conducted to explore the influencing factors.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as healthcare workers (clinicians and nurses) | – | Other: Cross-sectional StudyIn phase I, face-to-face semi-structured interviews will be conducted with approximately 15 patients with T2DM and 15 relevant healthcare workers (clinicians and nurses) from the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Each interview will last 15-30 minutes and take place in a quiet setting, such as an inpatient ward or demonstration classroom. In phase II (scale validation) and phase III (survey), T2DM patients attending the same department will be recruited. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Phase I (Interview, Dec 2025-Feb 2026): T2DM patients and relevant healthcare workers (n ≈ 30) from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Phase II (Scale validation, Jun-Sep 2026): T2DM patients (n ≈ 300) at the same hospital. Phase III (Survey, Oct-Dec 2026): T2DM patients (sample size to be determined) at the same hospital.
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Patients with T2DM
- Clinicians and nurses who have been engaged in medical care in the endocrine field for ≥5 years;
- Who hold a Bachelor's degree or above and have an intermediate or above professional title.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients with T2DM:
- Who do not have direct contact with patients;
- Who are currently undergoing standardized training or refresher programs.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Cross-sectional StudyIn phase I, face-to-face semi-structured interviews will be conducted with approximately 15 patients with T2DM and 15 relevant healthcare workers (clinicians and nurses) from the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Each interview will last 15-30 minutes and take place in a quiet setting, such as an inpatient ward or demonstration classroom. In phase II (scale validation) and phase III (survey), T2DM patients attending the same department will be recruited. | Other | Patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as healthcare workers (clinicians and nurses) |
Primary outcome
Total scale score of the Active Health Behavior Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Time frame: One year, from December 2025 to December 2026
The Active Health Behavior Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus will be developed and validated in Phase I and Phase II of this study, to assess the level of proactive health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The exact dimensions, number of items, and total score range of the scale will be finalized after study Phase II. A five-point Likert-type measurement will be used to answer each question, including 'very consistent, consistent, neutral, inconsistent, and very inconsistent'. Each response is assigned to a numerical value (from 1 to 5, e.g., 5 = very consistent and 1 = very inconsistent), where higher scores on the scale will indicate better proactive health behaviors in patients., allowing for quantitative analysis of the data collected in Phase III. The total score range of this scale will be determined by the final number of items.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Apr 2026.
- Results publicationFEDERATION I D. Types of diabetes[EB/OL]. https://idf.org/.
- Results publicationWang MD, Gao WJ, Chen MX, et al. Concept analysis of proactive health behavior. Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing, 2025, 31(30): 4194-4200.
- Results publicationGuo Y, Gu JP, Zhu DM, et al. Application effect of "Internet + nursing service" during insulin therapy in children with diabetes. Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment, 2024, 30(4): 774-776.
- Results publicationLi Y, Wang JG, Zhang HJ. Investigation on medication adherence among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in the community. Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment, 2024, 30(2): 252-254.
- Results publicationShi Z, Zhang XK. Medication use and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Henan Province. Journal of Binzhou Medical University, 2025, 48(4): 413-417.
- Results publication: PubMed 40457495Zhou YC, Liu JM, Zhao ZP, Zhou MG, Ng M. The national and provincial prevalence and non-fatal burdens of diabetes in China from 2005 to 2023 with projections of prevalence to 2050. Mil Med Res. 2025 Jun 2;12(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40779-025-00615-1.
- Results publication: PubMed 40874767Duncan BB, Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ. IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th edition 2025: global prevalence and projections for 2050. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2025 Dec 23;41(1):7-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaf177. No abstract available.
- Results publicationH E R I F. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network.Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[EB/OL]. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.
- Results publication: PubMed 39716905Sone H, Horikawa C, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Kawasaki R, Fujihara K, Moriya T, Araki A, Tanaka S, Akanuma Y. Japan Diabetes Complications Study: Revisiting one of the first large-scale clinical studies in East Asians with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2025 Mar;16(3):360-369. doi: 10.1111/jdi.14394. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Type 2 Diabetes, run by Yun Ye at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Yun Ye (0519-68870000, ntyeyun@163.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total scale score of the Active Health Behavior Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (time frame: One year, from December 2025 to December 2026). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07531459, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Apr 2026.