HealthyNCT07546916
Acute Effect of Exergaming Based Sitting Tai Chi
A study testing Exergaming based sitting Tai Chi and Seated Stretching in people with Healthy, run by Hong Kong Metropolitan University at 2 sites in Hong Kong.
Trial summary
This study examines whether a single session of exergaming-based seated Tai Chi can acutely improve working memory, executive function, and prefrontal cortical efficiency in younger and older adults, compared with seated stretching. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 75 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- What is being tested?
- Exergaming based sitting Tai Chi and Seated Stretching
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesHong Kong
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2026to 30 Jun 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Are aged 18-30 years (young adult group) or 60-75 years (older adults)
- Have no current regular participation (e.g., ≥1 session/week) in Tai Chi, martial arts, or other mind-body exercise (e.g., yoga or qigong) in the last 3-6 months
- Have no self-reported or clinically documented history of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, or other neurological (e.g., stroke) or psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) known to affect cognition
- Score within the normal range on the Hong Kong version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) based on established age- and education-adjusted cutoffs
- Are medically stable, with or without controlled chronic conditions (e.g., controlled hypertension or diabetes)
- Are able to tolerate light-to-moderate seated exercise (Chinese version of Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire score = 0)
Show all 9Show fewer
- Have no significant sensory impairment (e.g., vision) not corrected by assistive devices (e.g., glasses)
- Are not engaged in regular structured exercise involving moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (e.g., brisk walking, running, or racquet sports) more than two times per week over the preceding three months
- Are able to communicate in Chinese (Moved from Exclusion for clarity)
Who cannot join
- Have medical conditions that may interfere with safe participation, including pacemaker implantation or prosthetic devices
- Have serious orthopedic or cardiovascular disorders that could affect participation in exergaming training
- Have significant motor or balance impairment that would prevent performing basic seated arm and trunk movements
- Are currently undergoing other clinical trials or structured exercise or cognitive training programmes >2 times/week during the preceding three months
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Hong Kong2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Not yet recruiting
Exergaming Research Centre, Hong Kong Metropolitan University
Ho Man Tin, Kowloon
Tai Wa Liu, PhD, 852 + 39708714, twliu@hkmu.edu.hk
Tai Wa Liu, PhD
- Recruiting
Exergaming Research Centre, Hong Kong Metropolitan University
Ho Man Tin
TW Liu, PhD, 852 - 39708714, twliu@hkmu.edu.hk
CY Ho, Master, 852 - 39702921, chyaho@hkmu.edu.hk
About this study
Official title: Acute Effect of Exergaming-Based Sitting Tai Chi on Prefrontal Cortex Efficiency in Young and Older Adults: An fNIRS Study
This study examines whether a single session of exergaming-based seated Tai Chi can acutely improve working memory, executive function, and prefrontal cortical efficiency in younger and older adults, compared with seated stretching. Using a within-subject crossover design, 40 participants aged 18-30 years and 60-75 years will complete both conditions in counterbalanced order on separate days. Cognitive performance will be assessed with Flanker and n-back tasks, while prefrontal activity will be recorded with fNIRS over the dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and frontopolar prefrontal cortex. Neural efficiency will be estimated by integrating task performance with task-evoked oxygenated hemoglobin responses.
The Tai Chi intervention is a 40-minute seated, exergame-guided 12-form routine preceded and followed by brief warm-up and cool-down periods. The control condition is a time-matched seated stretching programme without Tai Chi-specific movements or game feedback. Both conditions will be delivered at light-to-moderate intensity and supervised for safety and adherence.
The study tests whether acute exergaming-based seated Tai Chi produces greater post-intervention improvements in cognitive performance and more efficient prefrontal activation than stretching, and whether these effects differ by age group. Findings may clarify how a feasible seated mind-body exergame influences acute cognitive and neural responses across the adult lifespan.
Read the detailed description
This proposal examines the immediate cognitive and neural effects of a seated, exergame-supported Tai Chi session in younger and older adults. The study is designed to test whether a single bout of this low-impact mind-body exercise can influence working memory, inhibitory control, and prefrontal cortex activity more effectively than a seated stretching session of equal duration. By comparing two age groups, the project also seeks to determine whether age modifies the size or pattern of these acute responses.
The study uses a randomized within-subject crossover design, in which each participant completes both the exergaming-based seated Tai Chi condition and the control stretching condition on separate days. Forty older adults will be recruited, including 20 younger adults aged 18-30 years and 20 older adults aged 60-75 years. Before and after each session, participants will complete computerized cognitive tasks measuring executive function and working memory. At the same time, brain activity will be monitored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy, focusing on prefrontal regions linked to attention, control, and task monitoring.
The Tai Chi session is delivered through an interactive exergame platform that standardizes movement pace, provides visual and auditory cues, and includes a structured sequence of seated Tai Chi forms. This format is intended to preserve the cognitive-motor features of Tai Chi while making the activity accessible to adults who may have limited mobility. The comparison condition consists of seated stretching exercises matched for overall duration and physical effort but without Tai Chi-specific sequencing or game-based feedback.
Outcome analysis will compare changes in task performance, prefrontal oxygenation, and a combined neural efficiency index across conditions, time points, and age groups. The study aims to clarify whether this form of seated exergaming can produce measurable short-term benefits for cognition and brain efficiency, and whether such effects differ between younger and older adults.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Being tested
- Exergaming based sitting Tai Chi, Seated Stretching
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Exergaming based sitting Tai ChiBehavioural
Also called Active control
An acute exergaming-based seated Tai Chi protocol will be adapted from a newly developed 12-week training programme by our team, and will be further aligned with acute Tai Chi session parameters reported by a previous Tai Chi study, including comparable total duration, work-rest structure, and target light-to-moderate intensity. Participants will perform upper-limb and trunk movements derived from traditional Tai Chi forms, adapted for a seated posture and integrated into an interactive exergame environment that provides visual feedback and performance scoring to enhance engagement and standardize practice. Movements will be paced using on-screen cues and visual and auditory signals to control tempo across participants.
Seated StretchingBehavioural
Also called Intervention
In the seated stretching condition, participants will complete a series of structured, low-intensity exercise program that would contain comparable social interaction and enjoyment without providing any strength and balance training benefits of Tai Chi. This will match in overall duration and approximate movement amplitude to the Tai Chi sequence but without game-based feedback or Tai Chi-specific components.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Seated stretching | Active comparator | In the seated stretching condition, participants will complete a series of structured, low-intensity exercise program that would contain comparable social interaction and enjoyment without providing any strength and balance training benefits of Tai Chi. This will match in overall duration and approximate movement amplitude to the Tai Chi sequence but without game-based feedback or Tai Chi-specific components. Receives: Behavioral: Seated Stretching |
| Exergaming based sitting Tai Chi | Experimental | An acute exergaming-based seated Tai Chi protocol will be adapted from a newly developed 12-week training programme by our team, and will be further aligned with acute Tai Chi session parameters reported by a previous Tai Chi study, including comparable total duration, work-rest structure, and target light-to-moderate intensity. Participants will perform upper-limb and trunk movements derived from traditional Tai Chi forms, adapted for a seated posture and integrated into an interactive exergame environment that provides visual feedback and performance scoring to enhance engagement and standardize practice. Movements will be paced using on-screen cues and visual and auditory signals to control tempo across participants. Receives: Behavioral: Exergaming based sitting Tai Chi |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Prefrontal cortical activation during inhibitory control (Flanker task)
Prefrontal cortical activity (oxyhemoglobin concentration, µM) will be recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the Eriksen Flanker Task, which assesses inhibitory control. Regions of interest include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and frontopolar prefrontal cortex (FPC). Measurements will be taken before and immediately after a single session of exergaming-based seated Tai Chi and a single session of seated stretching in a crossover design. Data will be reported separately for each condition.
Unit of Measure: µM (micromolar) oxyhemoglobin concentration.
Measured: Baseline (pre-session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and 2).
Prefrontal cortical activation during working memory (n-back task)
Prefrontal cortical activity (oxyhemoglobin concentration, µM) will be recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the n-back Task, which assesses working memory. Regions of interest include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and frontopolar prefrontal cortex (FPC). Measurements will be taken before and immediately after a single session of exergaming-based seated Tai Chi and a single session of seated stretching in a crossover design. Data will be reported separately for each condition.
Unit of Measure: µM (micromolar) oxyhemoglobin concentration.
Measured: Baseline (pre-session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Inhibitory Control Performance on the Eriksen Flanker Task - reaction time
Inhibitory control will be assessed using the computerized Eriksen Flanker Task. Participants will respond to the direction of a central target arrow flanked by congruent or incongruent distractor arrows. Reaction time (milliseconds) will be recorded for incongruent and congruent trials. The outcome metric is the difference in mean reaction time between incongruent and congruent trials (Flanker cost in milliseconds). Lower or less positive values indicate better inhibitory control.
Unit of Measure: milliseconds
Measured: Baseline (Pre-Session) and Immediately Post-Session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2)
Working Memory Performance on the n-back Task - reaction time
Working memory capacity will be assessed using the computerized n-back Task (e.g., 2-back). Participants will view a sequence of stimuli and indicate whether the current stimulus matches the one presented n positions earlier.
Reaction time (milliseconds) will be recorded for each correct response. Lower values indicate better performance (faster responses). The primary metric is the mean reaction time across all trials.
Measured: Baseline (Pre-Session) and Immediately Post-Session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2).
Title: Working Memory Performance on the n-back Task - Accuracy
Working memory capacity will be assessed using a computerized n-back task (e.g., 2-back). Participants will view a sequence of stimuli and indicate whether the current stimulus matches the one presented n positions earlier.
Accuracy (percentage of correct responses) will be calculated. Higher values indicate better performance (fewer errors). The primary metric is the mean accuracy across all trials.
Measured: Baseline (Pre-Session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2).
Inhibitory Control Performance on the Eriksen Flanker Task - Accuracy
Inhibitory control will be assessed using the computerized Eriksen Flanker Task. Participants will respond to the direction of a central target arrow flanked by congruent or incongruent distractor arrows. Accuracy (percentage of correct responses) will be calculated for incongruent and congruent trials. The outcome metric is the difference in accuracy between incongruent and congruent trials (Flanker cost in percentage points). Higher or less negative values indicate better inhibitory control.
Unit of Measure: percentage points
Measured: Baseline (Pre-Session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Apr 2026
- Study start1 Jun 2026
- Primary completion31 Mar 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr Liu Tai Wa, Hong Kong Metropolitan University
- Investigators
- Tai Wa Liu, Principal investigator, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07546916
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ATC
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 8 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 21 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Non-identifiable individual participant data is available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author after the report published.
Publications
Wang H, Guo Y, Fan H, Chen Z, Liu S, Zhao L, Shi Y. The effects of an acute Tai Chi on emotional memory and prefrontal cortex activation: a fNIRS study. Front Behav Neurosci. 2025 Jan 22;18:1520508. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1520508. eCollection 2024.
PubMed 39911243
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Acute Effect of Exergaming-Based Sitting Tai Chi on Prefrontal Cortex Efficiency in Young and Older Adults: An fNIRS Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07546916
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ATC
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Hong Kong Metropolitan UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Mar 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study examines whether a single session of exergaming-based seated Tai Chi can acutely improve working memory, executive function, and prefrontal cortical efficiency in younger and older adults, compared with seated stretching. Using a within-subject crossover design, 40 participants aged 18-30 years and 60-75 years will complete both conditions in counterbalanced order on separate days. Cognitive performance will be assessed with Flanker and n-back tasks, while prefrontal activity will be recorded with fNIRS over the dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and frontopolar prefrontal cortex. Neural efficiency will be estimated by integrating task performance with task-evoked oxygenated hemoglobin responses.
The Tai Chi intervention is a 40-minute seated, exergame-guided 12-form routine preceded and followed by brief warm-up and cool-down periods. The control condition is a time-matched seated stretching programme without Tai Chi-specific movements or game feedback. Both conditions will be delivered at light-to-moderate intensity and supervised for safety and adherence.
The study tests whether acute exergaming-based seated Tai Chi produces greater post-intervention improvements in cognitive performance and more efficient prefrontal activation than stretching, and whether these effects differ by age group. Findings may clarify how a feasible seated mind-body exergame influences acute cognitive and neural responses across the adult lifespan.
Detailed description
This proposal examines the immediate cognitive and neural effects of a seated, exergame-supported Tai Chi session in younger and older adults. The study is designed to test whether a single bout of this low-impact mind-body exercise can influence working memory, inhibitory control, and prefrontal cortex activity more effectively than a seated stretching session of equal duration. By comparing two age groups, the project also seeks to determine whether age modifies the size or pattern of these acute responses.
The study uses a randomized within-subject crossover design, in which each participant completes both the exergaming-based seated Tai Chi condition and the control stretching condition on separate days. Forty older adults will be recruited, including 20 younger adults aged 18-30 years and 20 older adults aged 60-75 years. Before and after each session, participants will complete computerized cognitive tasks measuring executive function and working memory. At the same time, brain activity will be monitored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy, focusing on prefrontal regions linked to attention, control, and task monitoring.
The Tai Chi session is delivered through an interactive exergame platform that standardizes movement pace, provides visual and auditory cues, and includes a structured sequence of seated Tai Chi forms. This format is intended to preserve the cognitive-motor features of Tai Chi while making the activity accessible to adults who may have limited mobility. The comparison condition consists of seated stretching exercises matched for overall duration and physical effort but without Tai Chi-specific sequencing or game-based feedback.
Outcome analysis will compare changes in task performance, prefrontal oxygenation, and a combined neural efficiency index across conditions, time points, and age groups. The study aims to clarify whether this form of seated exergaming can produce measurable short-term benefits for cognition and brain efficiency, and whether such effects differ between younger and older adults.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Seated stretching | Active comparator | Behavioral: Seated StretchingIn the seated stretching condition, participants will complete a series of structured, low-intensity exercise program that would contain comparable social interaction and enjoyment without providing any strength and balance training benefits of Tai Chi. This will match in overall duration and approximate movement amplitude to the Tai Chi sequence but without game-based feedback or Tai Chi-specific components. |
| Exergaming based sitting Tai Chi | Experimental | Behavioral: Exergaming based sitting Tai ChiAn acute exergaming-based seated Tai Chi protocol will be adapted from a newly developed 12-week training programme by our team, and will be further aligned with acute Tai Chi session parameters reported by a previous Tai Chi study, including comparable total duration, work-rest structure, and target light-to-moderate intensity. Participants will perform upper-limb and trunk movements derived from traditional Tai Chi forms, adapted for a seated posture and integrated into an interactive exergame environment that provides visual feedback and performance scoring to enhance engagement and standardize practice. Movements will be paced using on-screen cues and visual and auditory signals to control tempo across participants. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Are aged 18-30 years (young adult group) or 60-75 years (older adults)
- Have no current regular participation (e.g., ≥1 session/week) in Tai Chi, martial arts, or other mind-body exercise (e.g., yoga or qigong) in the last 3-6 months
- Have no self-reported or clinically documented history of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, or other neurological (e.g., stroke) or psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) known to affect cognition
- Score within the normal range on the Hong Kong version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) based on established age- and education-adjusted cutoffs
- Are medically stable, with or without controlled chronic conditions (e.g., controlled hypertension or diabetes)
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Have medical conditions that may interfere with safe participation, including pacemaker implantation or prosthetic devices
- Have serious orthopedic or cardiovascular disorders that could affect participation in exergaming training
- Have significant motor or balance impairment that would prevent performing basic seated arm and trunk movements
- Are currently undergoing other clinical trials or structured exercise or cognitive training programmes >2 times/week during the preceding three months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Exergaming based sitting Tai ChiAlso: Active controlAn acute exergaming-based seated Tai Chi protocol will be adapted from a newly developed 12-week training programme by our team, and will be further aligned with acute Tai Chi session parameters reported by a previous Tai Chi study, including comparable total duration, work-rest structure, and target light-to-moderate intensity. Participants will perform upper-limb and trunk movements derived from traditional Tai Chi forms, adapted for a seated posture and integrated into an interactive exergame environment that provides visual feedback and performance scoring to enhance engagement and standardize practice. Movements will be paced using on-screen cues and visual and auditory signals to control tempo across participants. | Behavioural | Exergaming based sitting Tai Chi |
| Seated StretchingAlso: InterventionIn the seated stretching condition, participants will complete a series of structured, low-intensity exercise program that would contain comparable social interaction and enjoyment without providing any strength and balance training benefits of Tai Chi. This will match in overall duration and approximate movement amplitude to the Tai Chi sequence but without game-based feedback or Tai Chi-specific components. | Behavioural | Seated stretching |
Primary outcome
Prefrontal cortical activation during inhibitory control (Flanker task)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and 2).
Prefrontal cortical activity (oxyhemoglobin concentration, µM) will be recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the Eriksen Flanker Task, which assesses inhibitory control. Regions of interest include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and frontopolar prefrontal cortex (FPC). Measurements will be taken before and immediately after a single session of exergaming-based seated Tai Chi and a single session of seated stretching in a crossover design. Data will be reported separately for each condition. Unit of Measure: µM (micromolar) oxyhemoglobin concentration.
Prefrontal cortical activation during working memory (n-back task)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2)
Prefrontal cortical activity (oxyhemoglobin concentration, µM) will be recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the n-back Task, which assesses working memory. Regions of interest include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and frontopolar prefrontal cortex (FPC). Measurements will be taken before and immediately after a single session of exergaming-based seated Tai Chi and a single session of seated stretching in a crossover design. Data will be reported separately for each condition. Unit of Measure: µM (micromolar) oxyhemoglobin concentration.
4 secondary outcomes
Inhibitory Control Performance on the Eriksen Flanker Task - reaction time
Time frame: Baseline (Pre-Session) and Immediately Post-Session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2)
Working Memory Performance on the n-back Task - reaction time
Time frame: Baseline (Pre-Session) and Immediately Post-Session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2).
Title: Working Memory Performance on the n-back Task - Accuracy
Time frame: Baseline (Pre-Session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2).
Inhibitory Control Performance on the Eriksen Flanker Task - Accuracy
Time frame: Baseline (Pre-Session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 39911243Wang H, Guo Y, Fan H, Chen Z, Liu S, Zhao L, Shi Y. The effects of an acute Tai Chi on emotional memory and prefrontal cortex activation: a fNIRS study. Front Behav Neurosci. 2025 Jan 22;18:1520508. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1520508. eCollection 2024.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Non-identifiable individual participant data is available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author after the report published.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Tai Wa Liu principal investigator
School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exergaming based sitting Tai Chi and Seated Stretching in people with Healthy, run by Hong Kong Metropolitan University at 2 sites in Hong Kong.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Hong Kong. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Chun Yan Ho (852 + 39708714, twliu@hkmu.edu.hk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Prefrontal cortical activation during inhibitory control (Flanker task) (time frame: Baseline (pre-session) and immediately post-session on 2 consecutive days (Day 1 and 2).). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07546916, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Sep 2026.