StrokeES-FPNCT07568769
Exteroceptive Stimulation for Facial Palsy After Stroke
A study testing Exteroceptive Stimulation and Conventional Physiotherapy in people with Stroke and Facial Palsy, run by University of Faisalabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide and frequently results in central facial palsy, which manifests as facial asymmetry, impaired muscle control, and reduced functional ability. These impairments can affect speech, emotional expression, and overall quality of life. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 55 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke, Facial Palsy
- What is being tested?
- Exteroceptive Stimulation and Conventional Physiotherapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2025to 24 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 55 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients diagnosed with post-stroke facial palsy
- Age between 40 and 55 years
- Both male and female participants
- Acute onset of facial weakness within 1-3 weeks
- Non-traumatic onset of disease
- Commitment to comply with electrical stimulation treatment
Who cannot join
- Participation in other therapies for facial nerve
- Presence of neoplastic tumor, Pregnancy, Cardiac, Excessive perspiration, Psychiatric illness or Mental impairment, Neurotmesis, Post-surgical cases of heart and brain surgery
- Bilateral facial palsy due to demyelinating disease e.g. motor neuron disease, trigeminal neuralgia, Open wounds/ulcers, ENT impairment/Otitis Media, Repetitive previous history of stroke
- Invasive cardiac instrumentation such as endarterectomy or stent placement within 30 days prior to admission in ICU were excluded
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Tertiary Care Hospitals, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Faisalābad, Punjab Province, 3800
About this study
Official title: Effect of Exteroceptive Stimulation Combined With Conventional Physiotherapy on Lip Angle Deviation and Facial Function in Patients With Post-Stroke Facial Palsy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide and frequently results in central facial palsy, which manifests as facial asymmetry, impaired muscle control, and reduced functional ability. These impairments can affect speech, emotional expression, and overall quality of life. Conventional physiotherapy is commonly used to manage post-stroke facial palsy; however, the additional benefit of sensory-based rehabilitation approaches remains insufficiently explored, particularly in clinical settings with limited resources.
This study was conducted to evaluate whether the addition of exteroceptive stimulation to conventional physiotherapy leads to greater improvement in facial symmetry and functional outcomes compared to conventional physiotherapy alone. Exteroceptive stimulation aims to enhance sensory input and facilitate neuromuscular activation, potentially improving motor recovery in affected facial muscles.
Read more
In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, a total of 36 participants diagnosed with post-stroke facial palsy were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. The experimental group received exteroceptive stimulation in addition to conventional physiotherapy, while the control group received conventional physiotherapy alone. Both interventions were administered over a period of four weeks.
Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. The primary outcome was lip angle deviation, used as an indicator of facial symmetry. Secondary outcomes included facial function and disability assessed using standardized tools such as the Facial Disability Index and the Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire.
The findings of this study aim to provide evidence on the effectiveness of integrating sensory-based techniques into routine rehabilitation programs for post-stroke facial palsy. The results may support the development of more comprehensive and effective rehabilitation strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Read the detailed description
Post-stroke facial palsy is a frequent neurological complication resulting from upper motor neuron lesions affecting facial nerve pathways. It commonly presents with facial asymmetry, impaired voluntary muscle control, and altered emotional expression. These deficits can interfere with communication, oral competence, and social interaction, ultimately impacting functional independence and quality of life. Despite its clinical importance, rehabilitation strategies targeting facial motor recovery remain relatively underdeveloped compared to limb rehabilitation.
Conventional physiotherapy approaches for facial palsy typically focus on facial muscle exercises, facilitation techniques, and functional retraining aimed at improving motor control and symmetry. While these approaches are widely used in clinical practice, their outcomes are often variable, and recovery may be incomplete. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in integrating sensory-based interventions into neurorehabilitation, based on the premise that sensory input plays a critical role in motor relearning and cortical reorganization.
Exteroceptive stimulation is a sensory-based intervention designed to enhance afferent input through external stimuli applied to the skin and underlying tissues. By increasing sensory feedback, it may facilitate neuromuscular activation, improve motor coordination, and support adaptive neuroplastic changes. Although such approaches have shown promise in broader neurorehabilitation contexts, their role in the management of post-stroke facial palsy has not been sufficiently investigated through controlled clinical trials.
This study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled trial to examine the additional benefit of exteroceptive stimulation when combined with conventional physiotherapy. Participants diagnosed with post-stroke facial palsy were recruited from tertiary care settings and randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups using a computer-generated randomization process. Measures were taken to ensure blinding of participants and outcome assessors to minimize bias.
The intervention was delivered over a defined treatment period, with both groups receiving standardized conventional physiotherapy to ensure consistency of baseline care. The experimental group received an additional structured program of exteroceptive stimulation targeting affected facial regions. The protocol was designed to be feasible within routine clinical practice and reproducible in similar healthcare settings.
Outcome assessments were conducted at predefined time points using validated clinical instruments to capture changes in facial symmetry, functional ability, and associated complications such as synkinesis. The selection of these measures was based on their relevance to clinical presentation and their use in prior rehabilitation research.
Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate changes over time within each group and to compare differences between groups following the intervention period. Appropriate parametric tests were applied after assessment of data distribution. A threshold for statistical significance was established a priori.
This study aims to contribute to the existing body of evidence by providing controlled clinical data on the role of sensory-based adjunct therapies in facial rehabilitation following stroke. The findings are expected to inform clinical practice by clarifying whether the addition of exteroceptive stimulation offers meaningful benefits beyond conventional physiotherapy alone. Furthermore, the study may serve as a basis for future research exploring optimized rehabilitation protocols, longer follow-up durations, and larger multi-center trials.
- Conditions
- Stroke, Facial Palsy
- Being tested
- Exteroceptive Stimulation, Conventional Physiotherapy
- Keywords
- Stroke Rehabilitation, Facial Paralysis, Exteroceptive Stimulation
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke, Facial Paralysis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Exteroceptive StimulationOther
Exteroceptive stimulation was applied to the affected side of the face using structured sensory techniques, including light touch, stroking, tapping, and graded pressure over the perioral, cheek, and nasolabial regions. The intervention was delivered by a trained physiotherapist in a standardized sequence to enhance sensory input and facilitate neuromuscular activation. Each session lasted approximately 30-40 minutes and was administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks in a clinical setting. This intervention was provided in combination with conventional physiotherapy.
Conventional PhysiotherapyOther
Conventional physiotherapy included a structured facial rehabilitation program comprising facial muscle exercises, facilitation techniques, and functional retraining to improve symmetry and coordination. Sessions were delivered by a qualified physiotherapist, lasting approximately 30-40 minutes, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. This intervention was provided alone in the control group and in combination with exteroceptive stimulation in the experimental group.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Exteroceptive Stimulation | Experimental | Exteroceptive stimulation was applied to the affected side of the face using structured sensory techniques, including light touch, stroking, tapping, and graded pressure over the perioral, cheek, and nasolabial regions. The intervention was delivered by a trained physiotherapist in a standardized sequence to enhance sensory input and facilitate neuromuscular activation. Receives: Other: Exteroceptive Stimulation; Other: Conventional Physiotherapy |
| Conventional Physiotherapy | Active comparator | Conventional physiotherapy included a structured facial rehabilitation program comprising facial muscle exercises, facilitation techniques, and functional retraining aimed at improving symmetry and muscle coordination. Receives: Other: Conventional Physiotherapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Lip Angle Deviation
Lip angle deviation was measured using standardized facial symmetry assessment techniques to evaluate improvement in facial alignment.
Measured: Baseline and Week 4
Secondary outcomes (2)
Facial Disability Index (FDI)
Assessment of physical and social function using validated scoring system (FDI-P, FDI-S, FDI-T). The Facial Disability Index is a validated scale used to assess functional limitations and social well-being in patients with facial disorders. It consists of two subscales: Physical Function and Social Function, which are combined to generate a total score. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better functional status and improved quality of life.
Measured: Baseline and Week 4
Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ)
Measurement of synkinesis severity using a structured questionnaire. The Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure used to evaluate the severity of synkinesis. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater severity of synkinesis and worse clinical condition.
Measured: Baseline and Week 4
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 May 2026
- Study start1 Aug 2025
- Primary completion24 Dec 2025
- Study completion24 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study followed a parallel-group randomized controlled design in which participants were allocated to one of two groups and remained in that group for the duration of the study. Both groups received conventional physiotherapy as standard care, while the experimental group received additional exteroceptive stimulation. Interventions were delivered concurrently over a four-week period, and outcomes were assessed at baseline and after completion of the intervention. No crossover between groups occurred.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Faisalabad
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr. Marium Zafar, University of Faisalabad
- Investigators
- Dr Muhammad Ateeb, PhD Public Health, Study chair, Research Associate, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07568769
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TUF/EIRB/193/26
- Acronym
- ES-FP
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 3 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
1. Albaret G, Domergue H. Stroke and stroke rehabilitation. Pathy's Princ Pract Geriatr Med. Published online February 18, 2022:619-634. doi:10.1002/9781119484288.CH48 2. Unnithan AKA, Das JM, Mehta P. Hemorrhagic Stroke. In Statpearls. Published online December 13, 2025:1-12. 3. Fulk GD., Chui KK. O'Sullivan & Schmitz's physical rehabilitation. Published online 2024:1337. 4. Choi JH, Kim BR, Han EY, Kim SM. The Effect of Dual-Task Training on Balance and Cognition in Patients With Subacute Post-Stroke. Ann Rehabil Med. 2015;39(1):81. doi:10.5535/ARM.2015.39.1.81 5. Junior VA dos S, Santos M de S, Ribeiro NM da S, Maldonado IL. Combining Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Virtual Reality for Improving Sensorimotor Function in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2019;11. doi:10.1177/1179573519863826 6. Hashmi M, Khan M, Wasay M. Growing Burden of Stroke in Pakistan: A Review of Progress and Limitations. Int J Stroke. 2013;8(7):575-581. doi:10.1111/J.1747-4949.2012.00827.X 7. Schimmel M, Voegeli G, Duvernay E, Leemann B, Müller F. Oral tactile sensitivity and masticatory performance are impaired in stroke patients. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(3):163-171. doi:10.1111/JOOR.12482 8. Schimmel M, Ono T, Lam OLT, Müller F. Oro-facial impairment in stroke patients. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(4):313-326. doi:10.1111/JOOR.12486 9. Johal A, Dunne B, Bolooki H, Sandler C. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), Pain and Side Effects in Adults Undergoing Different Orthodontic Treatment Modalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthc 2025, Vol 13,. 2025;13(24). doi:10.3390/HEALTHCARE13243317 10. Taj F, Zahid R, Syeda UER, Murtaza M, Ahmed S, Kamal AK. Risk Factors of Stroke in Pakistan: A Dedicated Stroke Clinic Experience. Can J Neurol Sci. 2010;37(2):252-257. doi:10.1017/S0317167100010015 11. Walcott BP, Miller JC, Kwon CS, et al. Outcomes in severe middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke. Neurocrit Care. 2014;21(1)
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Exteroceptive Stimulation Combined With Conventional Physiotherapy on Lip Angle Deviation and Facial Function in Patients With Post-Stroke Facial Palsy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07568769
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ES-FP / TUF/EIRB/193/26
- Conditions
- Stroke, Facial Palsy
- Keywords
- Stroke Rehabilitation, Facial Paralysis, Exteroceptive Stimulation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of FaisalabadUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 24 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 May 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide and frequently results in central facial palsy, which manifests as facial asymmetry, impaired muscle control, and reduced functional ability. These impairments can affect speech, emotional expression, and overall quality of life. Conventional physiotherapy is commonly used to manage post-stroke facial palsy; however, the additional benefit of sensory-based rehabilitation approaches remains insufficiently explored, particularly in clinical settings with limited resources.
This study was conducted to evaluate whether the addition of exteroceptive stimulation to conventional physiotherapy leads to greater improvement in facial symmetry and functional outcomes compared to conventional physiotherapy alone. Exteroceptive stimulation aims to enhance sensory input and facilitate neuromuscular activation, potentially improving motor recovery in affected facial muscles.
In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, a total of 36 participants diagnosed with post-stroke facial palsy were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. The experimental group received exteroceptive stimulation in addition to conventional physiotherapy, while the control group received conventional physiotherapy alone. Both interventions were administered over a period of four weeks.
Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. The primary outcome was lip angle deviation, used as an indicator of facial symmetry. Secondary outcomes included facial function and disability assessed using standardized tools such as the Facial Disability Index and the Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire.
The findings of this study aim to provide evidence on the effectiveness of integrating sensory-based techniques into routine rehabilitation programs for post-stroke facial palsy. The results may support the development of more comprehensive and effective rehabilitation strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Detailed description
Post-stroke facial palsy is a frequent neurological complication resulting from upper motor neuron lesions affecting facial nerve pathways. It commonly presents with facial asymmetry, impaired voluntary muscle control, and altered emotional expression. These deficits can interfere with communication, oral competence, and social interaction, ultimately impacting functional independence and quality of life. Despite its clinical importance, rehabilitation strategies targeting facial motor recovery remain relatively underdeveloped compared to limb rehabilitation.
Conventional physiotherapy approaches for facial palsy typically focus on facial muscle exercises, facilitation techniques, and functional retraining aimed at improving motor control and symmetry. While these approaches are widely used in clinical practice, their outcomes are often variable, and recovery may be incomplete. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in integrating sensory-based interventions into neurorehabilitation, based on the premise that sensory input plays a critical role in motor relearning and cortical reorganization.
Exteroceptive stimulation is a sensory-based intervention designed to enhance afferent input through external stimuli applied to the skin and underlying tissues. By increasing sensory feedback, it may facilitate neuromuscular activation, improve motor coordination, and support adaptive neuroplastic changes. Although such approaches have shown promise in broader neurorehabilitation contexts, their role in the management of post-stroke facial palsy has not been sufficiently investigated through controlled clinical trials.
This study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled trial to examine the additional benefit of exteroceptive stimulation when combined with conventional physiotherapy. Participants diagnosed with post-stroke facial palsy were recruited from tertiary care settings and randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups using a computer-generated randomization process. Measures were taken to ensure blinding of participants and outcome assessors to minimize bias.
The intervention was delivered over a defined treatment period, with both groups receiving standardized conventional physiotherapy to ensure consistency of baseline care. The experimental group received an additional structured program of exteroceptive stimulation targeting affected facial regions. The protocol was designed to be feasible within routine clinical practice and reproducible in similar healthcare settings.
Outcome assessments were conducted at predefined time points using validated clinical instruments to capture changes in facial symmetry, functional ability, and associated complications such as synkinesis. The selection of these measures was based on their relevance to clinical presentation and their use in prior rehabilitation research.
Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate changes over time within each group and to compare differences between groups following the intervention period. Appropriate parametric tests were applied after assessment of data distribution. A threshold for statistical significance was established a priori.
This study aims to contribute to the existing body of evidence by providing controlled clinical data on the role of sensory-based adjunct therapies in facial rehabilitation following stroke. The findings are expected to inform clinical practice by clarifying whether the addition of exteroceptive stimulation offers meaningful benefits beyond conventional physiotherapy alone. Furthermore, the study may serve as a basis for future research exploring optimized rehabilitation protocols, longer follow-up durations, and larger multi-center trials.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study followed a parallel-group randomized controlled design in which participants were allocated to one of two groups and remained in that group for the duration of the study. Both groups received conventional physiotherapy as standard care, while the experimental group received additional exteroceptive stimulation. Interventions were delivered concurrently over a four-week period, and outcomes were assessed at baseline and after completion of the intervention. No crossover between groups occurred.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Exteroceptive Stimulation | Experimental | Other: Exteroceptive Stimulation, Other: Conventional PhysiotherapyExteroceptive stimulation was applied to the affected side of the face using structured sensory techniques, including light touch, stroking, tapping, and graded pressure over the perioral, cheek, and nasolabial regions. The intervention was delivered by a trained physiotherapist in a standardized sequence to enhance sensory input and facilitate neuromuscular activation. |
| Conventional Physiotherapy | Active comparator | Other: Conventional PhysiotherapyConventional physiotherapy included a structured facial rehabilitation program comprising facial muscle exercises, facilitation techniques, and functional retraining aimed at improving symmetry and muscle coordination. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 55 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients diagnosed with post-stroke facial palsy
- Age between 40 and 55 years
- Both male and female participants
- Acute onset of facial weakness within 1-3 weeks
- Non-traumatic onset of disease
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Participation in other therapies for facial nerve
- Presence of neoplastic tumor, Pregnancy, Cardiac, Excessive perspiration, Psychiatric illness or Mental impairment, Neurotmesis, Post-surgical cases of heart and brain surgery
- Bilateral facial palsy due to demyelinating disease e.g. motor neuron disease, trigeminal neuralgia, Open wounds/ulcers, ENT impairment/Otitis Media, Repetitive previous history of stroke
- Invasive cardiac instrumentation such as endarterectomy or stent placement within 30 days prior to admission in ICU were excluded
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Exteroceptive StimulationExteroceptive stimulation was applied to the affected side of the face using structured sensory techniques, including light touch, stroking, tapping, and graded pressure over the perioral, cheek, and nasolabial regions. The intervention was delivered by a trained physiotherapist in a standardized sequence to enhance sensory input and facilitate neuromuscular activation. Each session lasted approximately 30-40 minutes and was administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks in a clinical setting. This intervention was provided in combination with conventional physiotherapy. | Other | Exteroceptive Stimulation |
| Conventional PhysiotherapyConventional physiotherapy included a structured facial rehabilitation program comprising facial muscle exercises, facilitation techniques, and functional retraining to improve symmetry and coordination. Sessions were delivered by a qualified physiotherapist, lasting approximately 30-40 minutes, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. This intervention was provided alone in the control group and in combination with exteroceptive stimulation in the experimental group. | Other | Conventional Physiotherapy, Exteroceptive Stimulation |
Primary outcome
Change in Lip Angle Deviation
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4
Lip angle deviation was measured using standardized facial symmetry assessment techniques to evaluate improvement in facial alignment.
2 secondary outcomes
Facial Disability Index (FDI)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4
Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Jun 2026.
- Background1. Albaret G, Domergue H. Stroke and stroke rehabilitation. Pathy's Princ Pract Geriatr Med. Published online February 18, 2022:619-634. doi:10.1002/9781119484288.CH48 2. Unnithan AKA, Das JM, Mehta P. Hemorrhagic Stroke. In Statpearls. Published online December 13, 2025:1-12. 3. Fulk GD., Chui KK. O'Sullivan & Schmitz's physical rehabilitation. Published online 2024:1337. 4. Choi JH, Kim BR, Han EY, Kim SM. The Effect of Dual-Task Training on Balance and Cognition in Patients With Subacute Post-Stroke. Ann Rehabil Med. 2015;39(1):81. doi:10.5535/ARM.2015.39.1.81 5. Junior VA dos S, Santos M de S, Ribeiro NM da S, Maldonado IL. Combining Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Virtual Reality for Improving Sensorimotor Function in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2019;11. doi:10.1177/1179573519863826 6. Hashmi M, Khan M, Wasay M. Growing Burden of Stroke in Pakistan: A Review of Progress and Limitations. Int J Stroke. 2013;8(7):575-581. doi:10.1111/J.1747-4949.2012.00827.X 7. Schimmel M, Voegeli G, Duvernay E, Leemann B, Müller F. Oral tactile sensitivity and masticatory performance are impaired in stroke patients. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(3):163-171. doi:10.1111/JOOR.12482 8. Schimmel M, Ono T, Lam OLT, Müller F. Oro-facial impairment in stroke patients. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(4):313-326. doi:10.1111/JOOR.12486 9. Johal A, Dunne B, Bolooki H, Sandler C. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), Pain and Side Effects in Adults Undergoing Different Orthodontic Treatment Modalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthc 2025, Vol 13,. 2025;13(24). doi:10.3390/HEALTHCARE13243317 10. Taj F, Zahid R, Syeda UER, Murtaza M, Ahmed S, Kamal AK. Risk Factors of Stroke in Pakistan: A Dedicated Stroke Clinic Experience. Can J Neurol Sci. 2010;37(2):252-257. doi:10.1017/S0317167100010015 11. Walcott BP, Miller JC, Kwon CS, et al. Outcomes in severe middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke. Neurocrit Care. 2014;21(1)
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Dr Muhammad Ateeb, PhD Public Health study chair
Research Associate, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exteroceptive Stimulation and Conventional Physiotherapy in people with Stroke and Facial Palsy, run by University of Faisalabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Lip Angle Deviation (time frame: Baseline and Week 4). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07568769, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Jun 2026.