Athletic PerformanceNCT07602244
Individualized Training to Improve Aerobic Capacity and 2,000 m Rowing Performance in Youth Rowers
A study testing Individualized Rowing Training and Usual Rowing Training in people with Athletic Performance and Aerobic Capacity, run by Universidad San Sebastián at 1 site in Chile.
Trial summary
The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to learn whether an individualized rowing training program based on ventilatory thresholds can improve aerobic capacity and 2,000 m rowing performance in youth rowers from Valdivia, Chile. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 14 to 18 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Athletic Performance, Aerobic Capacity, Rowing Performance
- What is being tested?
- Individualized Rowing Training and Usual Rowing Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChile
- Study dates
- Jun 2026to Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 14 to 18 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Active membership in Club de Remeros Arturo Prat of Valdivia.
- Age between 14 and 18 years.
- Systematic rowing training of at least 3 sessions per week under technical supervision.
- Participation in federated competitions or internal selection processes.
- Medical clearance for intense physical exercise issued by a treating physician or competent institution, such as a pre-participation medical evaluation.
Who cannot join
- History of uncontrolled cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic disease that contraindicates intense exercise, such as structural heart disease, clinically significant arrhythmias, or uncontrolled asthma.
- Acute or chronic musculoskeletal injury that prevents completion of the training program or study assessments.
- Use of medications that may substantially modify the physiological response to exercise, such as beta-blockers, or declared history of doping.
- Acute illness at the time of assessment, including fever, infection, or respiratory symptoms.
- Cognitive, language, or behavioral difficulties that prevent understanding instructions or complying with the study protocol.
- Simultaneous participation in another exercise intervention study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Chile1 site
Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia Campus
Valdivia, Los Ríos Region, Valdivia
Johnattan Cano Montoya, MSc., +56962382339, johnattan.cano@uss.cl
j.h.canomontoya@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Effects of Ventilatory Threshold-Based Individualized Training on Aerobic Capacity and 2,000 m Rowing Performance in Youth Rowers From Valdivia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to learn whether an individualized rowing training program based on ventilatory thresholds can improve aerobic capacity and 2,000 m rowing performance in youth rowers from Valdivia, Chile. The study will include male and female rowers aged 14 to 18 years who train regularly at Club de Remeros Arturo Prat.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
Does ventilatory threshold-based individualized training improve maximal oxygen uptake compared with the usual club training program? Does ventilatory threshold-based individualized training improve 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance compared with the usual club training program?
Researchers will compare an individualized training group with a usual training group to see if prescribing exercise intensity based on each rower's ventilatory thresholds produces greater improvements in aerobic capacity, rowing performance, and related physiological measures.
Participants will:
Complete baseline and post-intervention assessments, including a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer, blood lactate measurements during an incremental rowing test, a 2,000 m rowing ergometer test, body composition assessment, and respiratory muscle strength testing.
Be randomly assigned to either an individualized training group or a usual training group.
Complete a 12-week rowing training program. Use heart rate monitors during study training sessions so that training intensity, adherence, and safety can be monitored.
Report any discomfort, injuries, or adverse events during the study.
The individualized training group will train according to heart rate zones derived from each participant's ventilatory thresholds measured at baseline. The usual training group will continue the club's regular training program. The study will also explore individual variability in training response and the proportion of participants who respond or do not respond to each training approach.
Read the detailed description
This study will be conducted in youth rowers from Club de Remeros Arturo Prat in Valdivia, Chile. Rowing performance over 2,000 m depends on aerobic capacity, submaximal physiological markers, and the ability to sustain high power output during a race-specific effort. In many youth rowing settings, training intensity is commonly prescribed using coach experience, stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, and field-based performance tests. However, individualized physiological markers, such as the first and second ventilatory thresholds, may provide a more precise approach to exercise intensity prescription.
This randomized controlled trial will compare a 12-week individualized rowing training program based on ventilatory thresholds with the usual training program used by the club. Participants will be male and female rowers aged 14 to 18 years who train regularly under technical supervision. After baseline assessments, participants will be randomly assigned to either an individualized training group or a usual training group.
Both groups will maintain a comparable overall rowing training volume. The main difference between groups will be how training intensity is prescribed and monitored. In the individualized training group, heart rate training zones will be derived from each participant's baseline ventilatory thresholds obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. In the usual training group, participants will continue the regular club training program, guided by the coaching staff according to usual practice.
Participants will be assessed before and after the intervention. The primary outcomes will be maximal oxygen uptake and 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance. Secondary outcomes will include power output associated with ventilatory thresholds, blood lactate response during incremental exercise, body composition, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, training adherence, training load, and adverse events. The study will also explore the magnitude of training effects, interindividual variability in response, and the proportion of responders and non-responders in each group.
The purpose of this trial is to determine whether ventilatory threshold-based individualized training produces greater physiological and performance adaptations than usual training in youth rowers under real-world club training conditions.
- Conditions
- Athletic Performance, Aerobic Capacity, Rowing Performance
- Being tested
- Individualized Rowing Training, Usual Rowing Training
- Keywords
- Rowing, Youth Rowers, Youth Athletes, Ventilatory Threshold, Individualized Training, Aerobic Training, VO2max, 2,000 m Rowing Ergometer, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing, Blood Lactate, Exercise Performance, Training Response, Interindividual Variability, Responders and Non-Responders, Respiratory Muscle Strength
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Individualized Rowing TrainingBehavioural
A 12-week rowing training program in which exercise intensity is individualized using heart rate zones derived from the first and second ventilatory thresholds measured at baseline during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. Three training zones will be defined for each participant: below the first ventilatory threshold, between the first and second ventilatory thresholds, and above the second ventilatory threshold. Coaches will adjust stroke rate, power output, effort duration, or recovery periods to maintain the target intensity zone during study training sessions.
Usual Rowing TrainingBehavioural
A 12-week usual rowing training program prescribed and supervised by the club coaching staff according to standard practice. Training intensity will be guided by usual coaching criteria, including stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, training volume, and field-based performance references. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to document training load, intensity, and adherence.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Individualized Training | Experimental | Participants in this arm will complete a 12-week individualized rowing training program. Training intensity will be prescribed using heart rate zones derived from each participant's first and second ventilatory thresholds measured during baseline cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. Training sessions will include rowing on a rowing ergometer and/or on water, according to the club schedule. Coaches will adjust stroke rate, power output, effort duration, or recovery periods to maintain the target intensity zone. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to monitor intensity and adherence. Receives: Behavioral: Individualized Rowing Training |
| Usual Training | Active comparator | Participants in this arm will continue the usual 12-week rowing training program used by the club. Training will be prescribed and supervised by the coaching staff according to standard practice, including coach experience, stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, training volume, and field-based performance references. The overall rowing training volume will be comparable to the individualized training group. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to document training load, intensity, and adherence. Receives: Behavioral: Usual Rowing Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Change in maximal oxygen uptake measured during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. VO2max will be defined as the highest oxygen uptake value obtained during the incremental test according to predefined maximality criteria. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in 2,000 m Rowing Ergometer Performance Time
Change in the total time required to complete a standardized 2,000 m rowing ergometer test performed at maximal self-selected intensity. Unit of Measure: seconds
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (29)
Change in Peak Power Output
Change in peak power output achieved during the maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. Unit: watts.
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at the First Ventilatory Threshold
Change in rowing ergometer power output associated with the first ventilatory threshold identified during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Unit of Measure: watts
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at the Second Ventilatory Threshold
Change in rowing ergometer power output associated with the second ventilatory threshold identified during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Unit of Measure: watts
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Oxygen Uptake at the First Ventilatory Threshold
Change in oxygen uptake associated with the first ventilatory threshold measured during the incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. Unit: mL/kg/min
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Oxygen Uptake at the Second Ventilatory Threshold
Change in oxygen uptake associated with the second ventilatory threshold measured during the incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. Unit: mL/kg/min
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at 4 mmol/L Blood Lactate Concentration
Change in rowing ergometer power output associated with a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L during the incremental rowing exercise test. Capillary blood lactate will be measured at the end of each stage, and the corresponding power output will be used to characterize the submaximal metabolic response to increasing exercise intensity. Unit of Measure: watts
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Body Fat Percentage
Change in body fat percentage assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: percentage of body mass.
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Body Fat mass
Change in body fat assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: kg
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass
Change in skeletal muscle mass assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: kg
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Fat-Free Mass
Change in fat-free mass assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: kg
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
Change in maximal inspiratory pressure measured using a digital manovacuometer. The highest acceptable and reproducible value will be recorded. Unit of Measure: cmH2O
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Maximal Expiratory Pressure
Change in maximal expiratory pressure measured using a digital manovacuometer. The highest acceptable and reproducible value will be recorded. Unit of Measure: cmH2O
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Training Adherence
Percentage of planned training sessions completed during the 12-week intervention period. Unit of Measure: percentage of planned sessions.
Measured: Throughout the 12-week intervention
Adverse Events
Number of adverse events and injuries recorded during the 12-week intervention period and during study assessments. Unit of Measure: number of events.
Measured: Throughout the 12-week intervention
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Response
Interindividual variability in maximal oxygen uptake response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in 2,000 m Rowing Ergometer Performance Time Response
Interindividual variability in 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance time response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: seconds
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Peak Power Output Response
Interindividual variability in peak power output response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: watts.
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at the First Ventilatory Threshold Response
Interindividual variability in power output at the first ventilatory threshold response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: watts
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at the Second Ventilatory Threshold Response
Interindividual variability in power output at the second ventilatory threshold response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: watts
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at 4 mmol/L Blood Lactate Concentration Response
Interindividual variability in power output at 4 mmol/L blood lactate concentration response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: watts.
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Body Fat Percentage Response
Interindividual variability in body fat percentage response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: percentage of body mass
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Skeletal Muscle Mass Response
Interindividual variability in skeletal muscle mass response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: kg
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure Response
Interindividual variability in maximal inspiratory pressure response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: cmH2O
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Expiratory Pressure Response
Interindividual variability in maximal expiratory pressure response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: cmH2O
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Oxygen Uptake at the First Ventilatory Threshold Response
Interindividual variability in oxygen uptake at the first ventilatory threshold response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Oxygen Uptake at the Second Ventilatory Threshold Response
Interindividual variability in oxygen uptake at the second ventilatory threshold response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Total Fat Mass
Change in total fat mass assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis under standardized measurement conditions. Unit of Measure: kg
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Total Fat Mass Response
Interindividual variability in total fat mass response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: kg
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Fat-Free Mass Response
Interindividual variability in fat-free mass response will be estimated using the standard deviation of individual responses. This will be calculated as the square root of the difference between the squared standard deviation of change scores in the individualized training group and the squared standard deviation of change scores in the usual training group. Unit of Measure: kg
Measured: Baseline and 12 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 May 2026
- Study startJun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionOct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionOct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Athletic PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad San Sebastián
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Johnattan Cano Montoya, Universidad San Sebastián
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07602244
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 292630042026
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 15 May 2026
- Last updated
- 22 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared due to the inclusion of minors, the small sample size, and the potential risk of indirect participant identification in a specific youth rowing club setting. Deidentified aggregate results may be shared in scientific publications and presentations.
Publications
Huerta Ojeda A, Riquelme Guerra M. Six-minute rowing test: a practical tool for training prescription, from ventilatory thresholds and power outputs, in amateur male rowers. PeerJ. 2023 Sep 29;11:e16160. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16160. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37790629Diry A, Ratel S, Nevill A, Maciejewski H. What is the physiological impact of reducing the 2,000 m Olympic distance in rowing to 1,500 m and 1,000 m for French young competitive rowers? Insights from the energy system contribution. Front Physiol. 2022 Jul 18;13:896975. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.896975. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 35923235Hopkins WG. Individual responses made easy. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2015 Jun 15;118(12):1444-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00098.2015. Epub 2015 Feb 12. No abstract available.
PubMed 25678695Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jan;41(1):3-13. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278.
PubMed 19092709Faude O, Kindermann W, Meyer T. Lactate threshold concepts: how valid are they? Sports Med. 2009;39(6):469-90. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939060-00003.
PubMed 19453206Mann TN, Lamberts RP, Lambert MI. High responders and low responders: factors associated with individual variation in response to standardized training. Sports Med. 2014 Aug;44(8):1113-24. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0197-3.
PubMed 24807838Seiler S. What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010 Sep;5(3):276-91. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.5.3.276.
PubMed 20861519
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Ventilatory Threshold-Based Individualized Training on Aerobic Capacity and 2,000 m Rowing Performance in Youth Rowers From Valdivia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07602244
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 292630042026
- Conditions
- Athletic Performance, Aerobic Capacity, Rowing Performance
- Keywords
- Rowing, Youth Rowers, Youth Athletes, Ventilatory Threshold, Individualized Training, Aerobic Training, VO2max, 2,000 m Rowing Ergometer
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad San SebastiánUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 May 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to learn whether an individualized rowing training program based on ventilatory thresholds can improve aerobic capacity and 2,000 m rowing performance in youth rowers from Valdivia, Chile. The study will include male and female rowers aged 14 to 18 years who train regularly at Club de Remeros Arturo Prat.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does ventilatory threshold-based individualized training improve maximal oxygen uptake compared with the usual club training program? Does ventilatory threshold-based individualized training improve 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance compared with the usual club training program?
Researchers will compare an individualized training group with a usual training group to see if prescribing exercise intensity based on each rower's ventilatory thresholds produces greater improvements in aerobic capacity, rowing performance, and related physiological measures.
Participants will:
Complete baseline and post-intervention assessments, including a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer, blood lactate measurements during an incremental rowing test, a 2,000 m rowing ergometer test, body composition assessment, and respiratory muscle strength testing.
Be randomly assigned to either an individualized training group or a usual training group.
Complete a 12-week rowing training program. Use heart rate monitors during study training sessions so that training intensity, adherence, and safety can be monitored.
Report any discomfort, injuries, or adverse events during the study.
The individualized training group will train according to heart rate zones derived from each participant's ventilatory thresholds measured at baseline. The usual training group will continue the club's regular training program. The study will also explore individual variability in training response and the proportion of participants who respond or do not respond to each training approach.
Detailed description
This study will be conducted in youth rowers from Club de Remeros Arturo Prat in Valdivia, Chile. Rowing performance over 2,000 m depends on aerobic capacity, submaximal physiological markers, and the ability to sustain high power output during a race-specific effort. In many youth rowing settings, training intensity is commonly prescribed using coach experience, stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, and field-based performance tests. However, individualized physiological markers, such as the first and second ventilatory thresholds, may provide a more precise approach to exercise intensity prescription.
This randomized controlled trial will compare a 12-week individualized rowing training program based on ventilatory thresholds with the usual training program used by the club. Participants will be male and female rowers aged 14 to 18 years who train regularly under technical supervision. After baseline assessments, participants will be randomly assigned to either an individualized training group or a usual training group.
Both groups will maintain a comparable overall rowing training volume. The main difference between groups will be how training intensity is prescribed and monitored. In the individualized training group, heart rate training zones will be derived from each participant's baseline ventilatory thresholds obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. In the usual training group, participants will continue the regular club training program, guided by the coaching staff according to usual practice.
Participants will be assessed before and after the intervention. The primary outcomes will be maximal oxygen uptake and 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance. Secondary outcomes will include power output associated with ventilatory thresholds, blood lactate response during incremental exercise, body composition, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, training adherence, training load, and adverse events. The study will also explore the magnitude of training effects, interindividual variability in response, and the proportion of responders and non-responders in each group.
The purpose of this trial is to determine whether ventilatory threshold-based individualized training produces greater physiological and performance adaptations than usual training in youth rowers under real-world club training conditions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Individualized Training | Experimental | Behavioral: Individualized Rowing TrainingParticipants in this arm will complete a 12-week individualized rowing training program. Training intensity will be prescribed using heart rate zones derived from each participant's first and second ventilatory thresholds measured during baseline cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. Training sessions will include rowing on a rowing ergometer and/or on water, according to the club schedule. Coaches will adjust stroke rate, power output, effort duration, or recovery periods to maintain the target intensity zone. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to monitor intensity and adherence. |
| Usual Training | Active comparator | Behavioral: Usual Rowing TrainingParticipants in this arm will continue the usual 12-week rowing training program used by the club. Training will be prescribed and supervised by the coaching staff according to standard practice, including coach experience, stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, training volume, and field-based performance references. The overall rowing training volume will be comparable to the individualized training group. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to document training load, intensity, and adherence. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 14 to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Active membership in Club de Remeros Arturo Prat of Valdivia.
- Age between 14 and 18 years.
- Systematic rowing training of at least 3 sessions per week under technical supervision.
- Participation in federated competitions or internal selection processes.
- Medical clearance for intense physical exercise issued by a treating physician or competent institution, such as a pre-participation medical evaluation.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of uncontrolled cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic disease that contraindicates intense exercise, such as structural heart disease, clinically significant arrhythmias, or uncontrolled asthma.
- Acute or chronic musculoskeletal injury that prevents completion of the training program or study assessments.
- Use of medications that may substantially modify the physiological response to exercise, such as beta-blockers, or declared history of doping.
- Acute illness at the time of assessment, including fever, infection, or respiratory symptoms.
- Cognitive, language, or behavioral difficulties that prevent understanding instructions or complying with the study protocol.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Individualized Rowing TrainingA 12-week rowing training program in which exercise intensity is individualized using heart rate zones derived from the first and second ventilatory thresholds measured at baseline during cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a rowing ergometer. Three training zones will be defined for each participant: below the first ventilatory threshold, between the first and second ventilatory thresholds, and above the second ventilatory threshold. Coaches will adjust stroke rate, power output, effort duration, or recovery periods to maintain the target intensity zone during study training sessions. | Behavioural | Individualized Training |
| Usual Rowing TrainingA 12-week usual rowing training program prescribed and supervised by the club coaching staff according to standard practice. Training intensity will be guided by usual coaching criteria, including stroke rate, perceived exertion, heart rate responses, training volume, and field-based performance references. Heart rate monitors will be used during study training sessions to document training load, intensity, and adherence. | Behavioural | Usual Training |
Primary outcome
Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in maximal oxygen uptake measured during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a rowing ergometer. VO2max will be defined as the highest oxygen uptake value obtained during the incremental test according to predefined maximality criteria. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Change in 2,000 m Rowing Ergometer Performance Time
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in the total time required to complete a standardized 2,000 m rowing ergometer test performed at maximal self-selected intensity. Unit of Measure: seconds
29 secondary outcomes
Change in Peak Power Output
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at the First Ventilatory Threshold
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at the Second Ventilatory Threshold
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Oxygen Uptake at the First Ventilatory Threshold
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Oxygen Uptake at the Second Ventilatory Threshold
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Power Output at 4 mmol/L Blood Lactate Concentration
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Body Fat Percentage
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Body Fat mass
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Fat-Free Mass
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Maximal Expiratory Pressure
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Training Adherence
Time frame: Throughout the 12-week intervention
Adverse Events
Time frame: Throughout the 12-week intervention
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in 2,000 m Rowing Ergometer Performance Time Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Peak Power Output Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at the First Ventilatory Threshold Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at the Second Ventilatory Threshold Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Power Output at 4 mmol/L Blood Lactate Concentration Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Body Fat Percentage Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Skeletal Muscle Mass Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Maximal Expiratory Pressure Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Oxygen Uptake at the First Ventilatory Threshold Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Oxygen Uptake at the Second Ventilatory Threshold Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Change in Total Fat Mass
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Total Fat Mass Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Interindividual Variability in Fat-Free Mass Response
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 May 2026.
- Background: PubMed 37790629Huerta Ojeda A, Riquelme Guerra M. Six-minute rowing test: a practical tool for training prescription, from ventilatory thresholds and power outputs, in amateur male rowers. PeerJ. 2023 Sep 29;11:e16160. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16160. eCollection 2023.
- Background: PubMed 35923235Diry A, Ratel S, Nevill A, Maciejewski H. What is the physiological impact of reducing the 2,000 m Olympic distance in rowing to 1,500 m and 1,000 m for French young competitive rowers? Insights from the energy system contribution. Front Physiol. 2022 Jul 18;13:896975. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.896975. eCollection 2022.
- Background: PubMed 25678695Hopkins WG. Individual responses made easy. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2015 Jun 15;118(12):1444-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00098.2015. Epub 2015 Feb 12. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 19092709Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jan;41(1):3-13. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278.
- Background: PubMed 19453206Faude O, Kindermann W, Meyer T. Lactate threshold concepts: how valid are they? Sports Med. 2009;39(6):469-90. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939060-00003.
- Background: PubMed 24807838Mann TN, Lamberts RP, Lambert MI. High responders and low responders: factors associated with individual variation in response to standardized training. Sports Med. 2014 Aug;44(8):1113-24. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0197-3.
- Background: PubMed 20861519Seiler S. What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010 Sep;5(3):276-91. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.5.3.276.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared due to the inclusion of minors, the small sample size, and the potential risk of indirect participant identification in a specific youth rowing club setting. Deidentified aggregate results may be shared in scientific publications and presentations.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Individualized Rowing Training and Usual Rowing Training in people with Athletic Performance and Aerobic Capacity, run by Universidad San Sebastián at 1 site in Chile.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Chile. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Johnattan Cano Montoya, MSc. (+56962382339, johnattan.cano@uss.cl), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake (time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07602244, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 May 2026.