Smoking ( Cigarette)NCT07611760
Smoking, Pain Threshold, and Hand Strength in Women
An observational study of Smoking ( Cigarette) and Women, run by Karabuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate the effects of smoking on pain threshold, cervical position sense, and grip strength in women. Measurements will include pressure pain threshold (PPT), cervical position sense (CPS), grip strength, and pinch strength. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking ( Cigarette), Women, Pain
- What is being tested?
- observational study
- How many people
- 132 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 25 May 2026to 7 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Healthy women aged 18-45, both smokers and non-smokers
Who may be able to join
- Women aged 18-45, both smokers and non-smokers
Who cannot join
- Individuals with any diagnosed neurological, rheumatological, or musculoskeletal disorder (e.g., brachial plexus injury, cervical radiculopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, neck pain, fibromyalgia),
- upper extremity deformity,
- migraine,
- chronic headache
- experienced neck or upper extremity injury or surgery within the previous six months
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Karabuk University
Karabük, Karabük Province, 78050
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Smoking on Pain Threshold, Cervical Position Sense, and Grip Strength in Women
This study aims to investigate the effects of smoking on pain threshold, cervical position sense, and grip strength in women. Measurements will include pressure pain threshold (PPT), cervical position sense (CPS), grip strength, and pinch strength.
Read the detailed description
Smoking is widely recognized as one of the leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and constitutes a major public health problem. Smoking is thought to negatively influence pain perception, proprioceptive sensory feedback, and muscle performance. In this context, examining the combined effects of smoking on pain threshold, CPS, and grip strength in women may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional impact of smoking on the neuromuscular and sensory systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of smoking on pain threshold, CPS, and grip strength in women.
- Conditions
- Smoking ( Cigarette), Women, Pain
- Being tested
- observational study
- Medical subject headings
- Cigarette Smoking, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
observational studyOther
observational case control study
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Grip strenght
Participants will be instructed to grasp the device tip between the thumb and the lateral aspect of the index finger's middle phalanx and to apply maximal force for 3 seconds, followed by relaxation.
Measured: The measurements will be lasted 5-10 minutes.
Pain pressure threshold
Measurements will obtained from anatomical landmarks that have been frequently used in previous studies and reported to be reliable and sensitive.
Measured: The measurements will last 5-10 minutes.
Cervical Position Sense
Using the CROM device, deviations from neutral head position were recorded in all three anatomical planes. With eyes closed, participants were then asked to perceive a target position passively guided by the examiner.
Measured: The measurements will take 5-10 minutes.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 May 2026
- Study start25 May 2026
- Primary completion5 Jun 2026
- Study completion7 Jun 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Smoking ( Cigarette)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 132 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karabuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nurcan Contarli, Karabuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07611760
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KarabukFTR-2025/2563
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 21 May 2026
- Last updated
- 12 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Data will be kept confidential and will not be shared with third parties.
Publications
Audette, I., Dumas, J. P., Côté, J. N., & De Serres, S. J. (2010). Validity and between-day reliability of the cervical range of motion (CROM) device. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 40(5), 318-323. Bartley, E. J., & Fillingim, R. B. (2013). Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. British journal of anaesthesia, 111(1), 52-58. Bhattacharyya, A., Hopkinson, L. D., Nolet, P. S., & Srbely, J. (2023). The reliability of pressure pain threshold in individuals with low back or neck pain: a systematic review. British Journal of Pain, 17(6), 579-591. Benowitz, N. L., Lessov-Schlaggar, C. N., Swan, G. E., & Jacob III, P. (2006). Female sex and oral contraceptive use accelerate nicotine metabolism. Clinical pharmacology & therapeutics, 79(5), 480-488. Binderup, A. T., Arendt-Nielsen, L., & Madeleine, P. (2010). Cluster analysis of pressure pain threshold maps from the trapezius muscle. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 13(6), 677-683. Bobos, P., Nazari, G., Lu, Z., & MacDermid, J. C. (2020). Measurement properties of the hand grip strength assessment: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 101(3), 553-565. Carrasco-Rios M, Ortolá R, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, García-Esquinas E. Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke is associated with reduced muscle strength in US adults. Aging (Albany NY). 2019 Dec 9;11(24):12674-12684. doi: 10.18632/aging.102594. Epub 2019 Dec 9. PMID: 31815682; PMCID: PMC6949081. Castien, R. F., van der Wouden, J. C., & De Hertogh, W. (2018). Pressure pain thresholds over the cranio-cervical region in headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The journal of headache and pain, 19(1), 9.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Smoking on Pain Threshold, Cervical Position Sense, and Grip Strength in Women
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07611760
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KarabukFTR-2025/2563
- Conditions
- Smoking ( Cigarette), Women, Pain
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 132 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Karabuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 May 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 7 Jun 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 May 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate the effects of smoking on pain threshold, cervical position sense, and grip strength in women. Measurements will include pressure pain threshold (PPT), cervical position sense (CPS), grip strength, and pinch strength.
Detailed description
Smoking is widely recognized as one of the leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and constitutes a major public health problem. Smoking is thought to negatively influence pain perception, proprioceptive sensory feedback, and muscle performance. In this context, examining the combined effects of smoking on pain threshold, CPS, and grip strength in women may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional impact of smoking on the neuromuscular and sensory systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of smoking on pain threshold, CPS, and grip strength in women.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Healthy women aged 18-45, both smokers and non-smokers
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Women aged 18-45, both smokers and non-smokers
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Individuals with any diagnosed neurological, rheumatological, or musculoskeletal disorder (e.g., brachial plexus injury, cervical radiculopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, neck pain, fibromyalgia),
- upper extremity deformity,
- migraine,
- chronic headache
- experienced neck or upper extremity injury or surgery within the previous six months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| observational studyobservational case control study | Other | – |
Primary outcome
Grip strenght
Time frame: The measurements will be lasted 5-10 minutes.
Participants will be instructed to grasp the device tip between the thumb and the lateral aspect of the index finger's middle phalanx and to apply maximal force for 3 seconds, followed by relaxation.
Pain pressure threshold
Time frame: The measurements will last 5-10 minutes.
Measurements will obtained from anatomical landmarks that have been frequently used in previous studies and reported to be reliable and sensitive.
Cervical Position Sense
Time frame: The measurements will take 5-10 minutes.
Using the CROM device, deviations from neutral head position were recorded in all three anatomical planes. With eyes closed, participants were then asked to perceive a target position passively guided by the examiner.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Jun 2026.
- BackgroundAudette, I., Dumas, J. P., Côté, J. N., & De Serres, S. J. (2010). Validity and between-day reliability of the cervical range of motion (CROM) device. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 40(5), 318-323. Bartley, E. J., & Fillingim, R. B. (2013). Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. British journal of anaesthesia, 111(1), 52-58. Bhattacharyya, A., Hopkinson, L. D., Nolet, P. S., & Srbely, J. (2023). The reliability of pressure pain threshold in individuals with low back or neck pain: a systematic review. British Journal of Pain, 17(6), 579-591. Benowitz, N. L., Lessov-Schlaggar, C. N., Swan, G. E., & Jacob III, P. (2006). Female sex and oral contraceptive use accelerate nicotine metabolism. Clinical pharmacology & therapeutics, 79(5), 480-488. Binderup, A. T., Arendt-Nielsen, L., & Madeleine, P. (2010). Cluster analysis of pressure pain threshold maps from the trapezius muscle. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 13(6), 677-683. Bobos, P., Nazari, G., Lu, Z., & MacDermid, J. C. (2020). Measurement properties of the hand grip strength assessment: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 101(3), 553-565. Carrasco-Rios M, Ortolá R, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, García-Esquinas E. Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke is associated with reduced muscle strength in US adults. Aging (Albany NY). 2019 Dec 9;11(24):12674-12684. doi: 10.18632/aging.102594. Epub 2019 Dec 9. PMID: 31815682; PMCID: PMC6949081. Castien, R. F., van der Wouden, J. C., & De Hertogh, W. (2018). Pressure pain thresholds over the cranio-cervical region in headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The journal of headache and pain, 19(1), 9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Data will be kept confidential and will not be shared with third parties.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Smoking ( Cigarette) and Women, run by Karabuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Grip strenght (time frame: The measurements will be lasted 5-10 minutes.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07611760, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Jun 2026.