Human Papillomavirus InfectionNCT07614009
THE EFFECTS OF HPV VACCİNATİON AND MESSAGE FRAMİNG
A study testing Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message and Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message in people with Human Papillomavirus Infection and HPV Vaccination, run by Ankara Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Background: University students are at high risk for HPV infection, while HPV vaccination rates remain low. Message framing strategies may influence vaccination-related perceptions and intentions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Human Papillomavirus Infection, HPV Vaccination, Vaccine Hesitancy
- What is being tested?
- Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message and Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 177 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 16 Oct 2025to 25 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged 18 years or older
- Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study
- Has not received formal education about HPV through a course or class
Who cannot join
- Has received the HPV vaccine
- Has participated in formal education about HPV through a course or class
- Has a current or previous positive HPV test result or HPV diagnosis
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Ankara Medipol Üniversitesi
Ankara, Ankara, 06000
About this study
Official title: THE EFFECT OF GAIN AND LOSS FRAMING MESSAGES ON RISK PERCEPTION AND KNOWLEDGE LEVELS REGARDING HPV VACCINATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Background: University students are at high risk for HPV infection, while HPV vaccination rates remain low. Message framing strategies may influence vaccination-related perceptions and intentions.
Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on HPV risk perception, HPV knowledge, and vaccination intention among university students.
Read more
Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study includes university students from the health sciences faculty of a foundation university. Participants are assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. Data are collected using the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale and the HPV Risk Perception Questionnaire. Statistical analyses include one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. The study is designed in accordance with CONSORT 2010 and EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines.
Keywords: message framing; gain-loss framing; human papillomavirus; vaccination
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled experimental study examines the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on university students' HPV knowledge, risk perception, and vaccination intention. A total of 927 university students were assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. The study evaluates the relationship between message framing and vaccination-related outcomes among university students.
- Being tested
- Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message, Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message
- Keywords
- message framing, gain-loss framing, human papillomavirus, vaccination, sex differences
- Medical subject headings
- Papillomavirus Infections, Vaccination Hesitancy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination MessageBehavioural
Participants received gain-framed messages emphasizing the benefits of HPV vaccination.
Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination MessageBehavioural
Participants received loss-framed messages emphasizing the consequences of not receiving HPV vaccination.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Gain-Framed Group | Experimental | Participants received gain-framed HPV vaccination messages. Receives: Behavioral: Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message |
| Loss-Framed Group | Experimental | Participants received loss-framed HPV vaccination messages. Receives: Behavioral: Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants did not receive framed HPV vaccination messages. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
HPV Knowledge Level
HPV knowledge level will be assessed using the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale (HPVKS), a 33-item scale evaluating knowledge about HPV infection, screening tests, and vaccination. Total scores range from 0 to 33, with higher scores indicating higher HPV-related knowledge levels.
Measured: Before intervention and immediately after message exposure
Secondary outcomes (1)
HPV Risk Perception
HPV risk perception will be assessed using a 10-item Likert-type HPV Risk Perception Questionnaire developed based on the literature and expert opinion. Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating higher perceived risk related to HPV infection and HPV-associated diseases.
Measured: Before intervention and immediately after message exposure
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 May 2026
- Study start16 Oct 2025
- Primary completion25 Jan 2026
- Study completion25 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Human Papillomavirus InfectionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups in a parallel-group randomized controlled design.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 177 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Medipol University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tuğba Tahta, Ankara Medipol University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07614009
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AMU-EBE-2025-173
- Other IDs
- AMU-EBE-2025-173
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 18 May 2026
- Last updated
- 4 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be publicly shared in order to protect participant confidentiality and privacy.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- THE EFFECT OF GAIN AND LOSS FRAMING MESSAGES ON RISK PERCEPTION AND KNOWLEDGE LEVELS REGARDING HPV VACCINATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07614009
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AMU-EBE-2025-173
- Keywords
- message framing, gain-loss framing, human papillomavirus, vaccination, sex differences
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 177 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Medipol UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 May 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: University students are at high risk for HPV infection, while HPV vaccination rates remain low. Message framing strategies may influence vaccination-related perceptions and intentions.
Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on HPV risk perception, HPV knowledge, and vaccination intention among university students.
Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study includes university students from the health sciences faculty of a foundation university. Participants are assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. Data are collected using the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale and the HPV Risk Perception Questionnaire. Statistical analyses include one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. The study is designed in accordance with CONSORT 2010 and EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines.
Keywords: message framing; gain-loss framing; human papillomavirus; vaccination
Detailed description
This randomized controlled experimental study examines the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on university students' HPV knowledge, risk perception, and vaccination intention. A total of 927 university students were assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. The study evaluates the relationship between message framing and vaccination-related outcomes among university students.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups in a parallel-group randomized controlled design.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Gain-Framed Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination MessageParticipants received gain-framed HPV vaccination messages. |
| Loss-Framed Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination MessageParticipants received loss-framed HPV vaccination messages. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants did not receive framed HPV vaccination messages. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Aged 18 years or older
- Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study
- Has not received formal education about HPV through a course or class
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Has received the HPV vaccine
- Has participated in formal education about HPV through a course or class
- Has a current or previous positive HPV test result or HPV diagnosis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination MessageParticipants received gain-framed messages emphasizing the benefits of HPV vaccination. | Behavioural | Gain-Framed Group |
| Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination MessageParticipants received loss-framed messages emphasizing the consequences of not receiving HPV vaccination. | Behavioural | Loss-Framed Group |
Primary outcome
HPV Knowledge Level
Time frame: Before intervention and immediately after message exposure
HPV knowledge level will be assessed using the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale (HPVKS), a 33-item scale evaluating knowledge about HPV infection, screening tests, and vaccination. Total scores range from 0 to 33, with higher scores indicating higher HPV-related knowledge levels.
1 secondary outcome
HPV Risk Perception
Time frame: Before intervention and immediately after message exposure
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Nov 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be publicly shared in order to protect participant confidentiality and privacy.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message and Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message in people with Human Papillomavirus Infection and HPV Vaccination, run by Ankara Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
HPV Knowledge Level (time frame: Before intervention and immediately after message exposure). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Nov 2026.