Sport PhysiologyNCT07616804
Cognitive Responses to Acute Breath-Hold Diving Training in Female Divers
A study testing Land-Based Breath-Hold Training and Water-Based Breath-Hold Training in people with Sport Physiology and Cognitive Performance, run by Istanbul Gelisim University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate the acute cognitive and physiological responses to breath-hold diving training in trained female divers. Participants will complete three separate sessions including a control session, a land-based breath-hold training session, and a water-based breath-hold training session in randomized… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sport Physiology, Cognitive Performance
- What is being tested?
- Land-Based Breath-Hold Training and Water-Based Breath-Hold Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2026to 15 Sep 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Licensed breath-hold or free-diving athletes
- Aged between 18 and 30 years
- Minimum of 5 years of training experience
- No known cardiovascular or pulmonary disease
- Non-smokers
- Willing to participate voluntarily
- Refraining from intense exercise within 24 hours before testing
Who cannot join
- Use of performance-enhancing drugs or ergogenic aids
- Presence of chronic sports injury
- Alcohol consumption within 24 hours before testing
- Caffeine intake within 2 hours before testing
- Sleep deprivation or severe fatigue
- Current medication use Fear of water or inability to complete breath-hold procedures
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul Gelisim University
Istanbul, 34000
Görkem Açar, Ress. Asst., +90 545 407 01 98, gacar@gelisim.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: Investigation of Cognitive Responses to Acute Breath-Hold Diving Training in Female Divers
This study aims to investigate the acute cognitive and physiological responses to breath-hold diving training in trained female divers. Participants will complete three separate sessions including a control session, a land-based breath-hold training session, and a water-based breath-hold training session in randomized order. Cognitive performance, mood state, heart rate responses, respiratory function, and maximal breath-hold capacity will be evaluated before and after the interventions. The study is expected to improve understanding of how acute apnea-based diving exercises influence cognitive functions and physiological adaptations under different environmental conditions.
- Conditions
- Sport Physiology, Cognitive Performance
- Being tested
- Land-Based Breath-Hold Training, Water-Based Breath-Hold Training, Control Session
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Land-Based Breath-Hold TrainingBehavioural
Participants will perform structured land-based breath-hold exercises consisting of repeated apnea efforts at 60% of individual maximal breath-hold capacity with standardized rest intervals.
Water-Based Breath-Hold TrainingBehavioural
Participants will perform structured breath-hold exercises in a swimming pool environment consisting of repeated apnea efforts at 60% of individual maximal breath-hold capacity with standardized rest intervals.
Control SessionOther
Participants will undergo baseline cognitive, respiratory, mood, and physiological assessments without structured apnea or breath-hold exercise intervention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control Session | Experimental | Participants will complete baseline cognitive, respiratory, mood, and maximal breath-hold assessments without structured breath-hold exercise. Receives: Other: Control Session |
| Land-Based Breath-Hold Training | Experimental | Participants will perform land-based breath-hold exercises at 60% of individual maximal breath-hold capacity followed by post-intervention cognitive and mood assessments. Receives: Behavioral: Land-Based Breath-Hold Training |
| Water-Based Breath-Hold Training | Experimental | Participants will perform water-based breath-hold exercises in a swimming pool at 60% of individual maximal breath-hold capacity followed by post-intervention cognitive and mood assessments. Receives: Behavioral: Water-Based Breath-Hold Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Working Memory Accuracy (2-Back Test)
Accuracy score obtained from the computerized 2-back cognitive task.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after the intervention, within 5 minutes post-intervention.
Reaction Time During the 2-Back Test
Mean reaction time recorded during correct responses in the 2-back cognitive task.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after the intervention, within 5 minutes post-intervention.
Secondary outcomes (4)
Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) Total Score
Total mood disturbance score assessed using the Brunel Mood Scale questionnaire.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after the intervention, within 5 minutes post-intervention.
Maximum Breath-Hold Duration
Maximum voluntary breath-hold duration recorded during testing.
Measured: Baseline during the control session before intervention sessions.
Resting Heart Rate
Resting heart rate measured before each session using a Polar heart rate monitor.
Measured: Before each experimental session.
Exercise Heart Rate Response
Heart rate responses recorded every 30 seconds during the breath-hold exercise protocol.
Measured: During the intervention session.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Jun 2026
- Study start1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion30 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Sep 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Sport PhysiologyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Participants will complete control, land-based breath-hold, and water-based breath-hold sessions in randomized crossover order. Cognitive, physiological, and mood-related responses will be evaluated before and after each session.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Gelisim University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Görkem Açar, Istanbul Gelisim University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07616804
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2026/148
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 7 May 2026
- Last updated
- 1 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigation of Cognitive Responses to Acute Breath-Hold Diving Training in Female Divers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07616804
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2026/148
- Conditions
- Sport Physiology, Cognitive Performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Gelisim UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 30 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 1 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate the acute cognitive and physiological responses to breath-hold diving training in trained female divers. Participants will complete three separate sessions including a control session, a land-based breath-hold training session, and a water-based breath-hold training session in randomized order. Cognitive performance, mood state, heart rate responses, respiratory function, and maximal breath-hold capacity will be evaluated before and after the interventions. The study is expected to improve understanding of how acute apnea-based diving exercises influence cognitive functions and physiological adaptations under different environmental conditions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants will complete control, land-based breath-hold, and water-based breath-hold sessions in randomized crossover order. Cognitive, physiological, and mood-related responses will be evaluated before and after each session.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control Session | Experimental | Other: Control SessionParticipants will complete baseline cognitive, respiratory, mood, and maximal breath-hold assessments without structured breath-hold exercise. |
| Land-Based Breath-Hold Training | Experimental | Behavioral: Land-Based Breath-Hold TrainingParticipants will perform land-based breath-hold exercises at 60% of individual maximal breath-hold capacity followed by post-intervention cognitive and mood assessments. |
| Water-Based Breath-Hold Training | Experimental | Behavioral: Water-Based Breath-Hold TrainingParticipants will perform water-based breath-hold exercises in a swimming pool at 60% of individual maximal breath-hold capacity followed by post-intervention cognitive and mood assessments. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Licensed breath-hold or free-diving athletes
- Aged between 18 and 30 years
- Minimum of 5 years of training experience
- No known cardiovascular or pulmonary disease
- Non-smokers
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Use of performance-enhancing drugs or ergogenic aids
- Presence of chronic sports injury
- Alcohol consumption within 24 hours before testing
- Caffeine intake within 2 hours before testing
- Sleep deprivation or severe fatigue
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Land-Based Breath-Hold TrainingParticipants will perform structured land-based breath-hold exercises consisting of repeated apnea efforts at 60% of individual maximal breath-hold capacity with standardized rest intervals. | Behavioural | Land-Based Breath-Hold Training |
| Water-Based Breath-Hold TrainingParticipants will perform structured breath-hold exercises in a swimming pool environment consisting of repeated apnea efforts at 60% of individual maximal breath-hold capacity with standardized rest intervals. | Behavioural | Water-Based Breath-Hold Training |
| Control SessionParticipants will undergo baseline cognitive, respiratory, mood, and physiological assessments without structured apnea or breath-hold exercise intervention. | Other | Control Session |
Primary outcome
Working Memory Accuracy (2-Back Test)
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the intervention, within 5 minutes post-intervention.
Accuracy score obtained from the computerized 2-back cognitive task.
Reaction Time During the 2-Back Test
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the intervention, within 5 minutes post-intervention.
Mean reaction time recorded during correct responses in the 2-back cognitive task.
4 secondary outcomes
Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) Total Score
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the intervention, within 5 minutes post-intervention.
Maximum Breath-Hold Duration
Time frame: Baseline during the control session before intervention sessions.
Resting Heart Rate
Time frame: Before each experimental session.
Exercise Heart Rate Response
Time frame: During the intervention session.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Jun 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Land-Based Breath-Hold Training and Water-Based Breath-Hold Training in people with Sport Physiology and Cognitive Performance, run by Istanbul Gelisim University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Görkem Açar, Ress. Asst. (+90 545 407 01 98, gacar@gelisim.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Working Memory Accuracy (2-Back Test) (time frame: Baseline and immediately after the intervention, within 5 minutes post-intervention.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Jun 2026.