Plantar FasciitisNCT07640620
Relationship Between Central Sensitization and Clinical Features in Plantar Fasciitis
An observational study of Plantar Fasciitis, run by Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain and is traditionally considered a mechanical musculoskeletal disorder. Recent evidence suggests that central sensitization may also contribute to pain in individuals with plantar fasciitis. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Plantar Fasciitis
- What is being tested?
- Pressure Pain Threshold Assessment and Ultrasonographic Assessment
- How many people
- 128 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 7 Apr 2026to 20 Sep 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Individuals applying to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic of Sultan 2. Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital will be evaluated, and those who meet the inclusion criteria for the groups and sign the voluntary consent form will be included in the study.
Plantar Fasciitis Group
- Inclusion criteria
- Be between the ages of 18-65
- Have unilateral heel pain that has been ongoing for at least 3 months, particularly worsening with the first few steps in the morning and increasing with weight-bearing activities throughout the day
- Have tenderness on palpation of the medial calcaneal tubercle
- Have read and signed the volunteer consent form (VCF)
- Exclusion criteria
- Being under 18 years old or over 65 years old
- Having a history of physical therapy, injection, radiation, or surgery targeting the plantar fascia within the last 6 months
- Calcaneus fracture, tumor, or cyst related to the plantar fascia
- Foot deformity (club foot, pes cavus, calcaneovalgus, etc.)
- Lumbosacral radiculopathy, tarsal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy
- Rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout
- Foot and ankle osteoarthritis
- Presence of osteomyelitis or skin infection in the foot
- Systemic diseases such as kidney and liver failure, diabetes, peripheral arterial vascular disease
Healthy Control
- Inclusion criteria
- Being completely healthy
- Being between the ages of 18 - 65
- Having read and signed the volunteer consent form (BGOF)
- Exclusion criteria
- Being under 18 or over 65 years old
- Having any acute or chronic illness
- Being illiterate and not giving consent to participate in the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital
Istanbul
Feyza Nur Yücel, 0216 542 20 00, dr.fny28@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: IInvestigation of the Relationship Between Central Sensitization and Clinical, Functional, and Ultrasonographic Parameters In Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain and is traditionally considered a mechanical musculoskeletal disorder. Recent evidence suggests that central sensitization may also contribute to pain in individuals with plantar fasciitis. This study aims to investigate the relationships between neurophysiological variables (pressure pain threshold, central sensitization, and pain intensity), psychological factors (pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, anxiety, and depression), ultrasonographic findings (plantar fascia thickness), and functional outcomes (foot function and quality of life) in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Read the detailed description
Heel pain caused by plantar fasciitis is one of the common reasons for visits to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinics. Plantar fasciitis is characterized by throbbing medial plantar heel pain that occurs especially with the first step in the morning or after long periods of rest and is a musculoskeletal disorder. The diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is usually determined clinically. In ultrasound, findings such as thickening of the plantar fascia and hypoechogenicity in the fascia are advantageous in diagnosis. Although the mechanical aspect of pain has often been emphasized in the treatment of plantar fasciitis, recent studies have gained momentum in suggesting that central sensitization is also among the pain mechanisms of plantar fasciitis. In addition, as with many chronic musculoskeletal pains, the role of psychological factors such as kinesiophobia, catastrophizing pain, depressive symptoms, and anxiety has been investigated in plantar fasciitis. However, data on the relationship between factors such as pressure pain sensitivity, central sensitization, catastrophizing pain, and kinesiophobia in plantar fasciitis are limited. The aim of this study is to contribute to the increasing literature in this field by investigating the relationship between psychological (catastrophizing pain, kinesiophobia, anxiety, and depression), ultrasonographic findings (plantar fascia thickness), and functional status (foot functional index, quality of life) variables with neurophysiological (pressure pain threshold, central sensitization, pain) variables in plantar fasciitis.
- Conditions
- Plantar Fasciitis
- Being tested
- Pressure Pain Threshold Assessment, Ultrasonographic Assessment
- Keywords
- plantar fasciitis, central sensitization, pain pressure threshold, kinesiophobia
- Medical subject headings
- Fasciitis, Plantar, Kinesiophobia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Pressure Pain Threshold AssessmentOther
Pressure pain threshold measurements will be performed using a pressure algometer to assess pain sensitivity.
Ultrasonographic AssessmentOther
Ultrasonographic evaluation will be performed to measure plantar fascia thickness and assess plantar fascia morphology.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Plantar fasciitis group | Participants with clinically diagnosed plantar fasciitis. Receives: Other: Pressure Pain Threshold Assessment; Other: Ultrasonographic Assessment | |
| Healthy Volunteers (control group) | Age- and sex-matched healthy adults without plantar fasciitis. Receives: Other: Pressure Pain Threshold Assessment; Other: Ultrasonographic Assessment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Forearm Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)
Pressure pain threshold is defined as the minimal pressure level that causes pain. The measurement will be applied twice for each region with a 1-minute interval, and the average of these applications will be recorded. A trial test will be conducted on the patient before the actual test. Pressure will be applied to selected points with a pressure algometer until pain is induced, and the test for that area will be terminated when the patient feels pain.
The measurement will be taken from the calcaneus bone (the starting point of the plantar fascia) and from the forearm, which is a distant, painless, and unrelated area, using the Wagner manual pressure algometer (1 cm² probe-10 kg/20 lb). The reliability of the measurement in these areas has been demonstrated.
Measured: Baseline
Secondary outcomes (10)
Numeric Pain Rating Scale, NPRS
Pain severity will be evaluated using a scale rated from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). Participants will be asked to rate the pain felt with the first step after waking up in the morning and the average pain level over the past week.
Measured: Baseline
Short Form-12 (SF-12)
Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary
Measured: Baseline
Foot Function Index
The Foot Function Index is a self-report-based scale developed to evaluate the effects of foot and ankle-related problems on pain, functional limitation, and daily life activities in individuals, with its validity and reliability demonstrated. AFI consists of three sub-dimensions: pain, disability (functional limitation), and activity limitation. The scale allows individuals to evaluate foot-related problems they have experienced recently in the context of daily life activities. Each sub-dimension and total score reflect the level of impairment in foot functions. Increasing AFI scores indicate that the severity of foot pain and the limitations in foot functions have increased, thereby negatively affecting foot-related quality of life. AFI is widely used in clinical and research settings to evaluate the functional effects of foot pathologies.
Measured: Baseline
Pain Catastrophizing Scale
It is a valid and reliable self-report scale developed to assess individuals' exaggerated negative thoughts and emotional responses toward their pain experience. The scale measures cognitive and emotional responses that occur during or following pain and consists of three sub-dimensions: rumination (excessive focus on pain), magnification (exaggeration of the threatening consequences of pain), and helplessness.
Measured: Baseline
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
It is a valid and reliable self-report scale developed to assess individuals' fear and avoidance behaviors toward movement and physical activity. The scale measures the level of fear of movement (kinesiophobia) that develops based on the belief that pain will reoccur or worsen.
Measured: Baseline
Central Sensitization Inventory
The central sensitization scale is a tool used to assess the hypersensitivity of the central nervous system. This scale includes questions that examine individuals' pain perception and its effects on daily life to detect the effects of central sensitization, which are generally observed in chronic pain conditions. The scale evaluates how individuals perceive pain in response to physical contact or other stimuli (pain sensitivity), changes in their sensitivity to heat, cold, or pressure (sensory changes), how the persistence of pain affects their daily activities, and the impact of pain on their emotional state (anxiety, depression, etc.).
Measured: Baseline
Thickness of the plantar fascia in ultrasonographic imaging
In the study, the evaluation with ultrasound will be conducted while the participants are in a prone position on the examination table, with their feet hanging off the table and in a dorsiflexed position. A linear probe will be placed longitudinally over the medial tubercle of the calcaneus to ultrasonographically examine the plantar fascia thickness (PFT). PFK will be measured 1 cm distal to the calcaneus attachment point. A PFK of 4 mm or greater will be considered evidence of fasciitis. It has been shown that this measurement technique has good intra-rater reliability. The Sonosite M-Turbo device will be used for ultrasonography and will be performed by a physical therapy and rehabilitation specialist with 10 years of experience.
Measured: Baseline
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
It is a 14-item self-report scale that quickly, reliably, and independently of medical conditions assesses patients' anxiety and depression symptoms over the past week.
Measured: CROSS-SECTIONAL
Weight-Bearing Lunge Test
The range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion will be evaluated under load. The participant will be asked to keep their heel in contact with the ground and move their knee toward the wall, and the maximum distance between the thumb and the wall will be recorded in centimeters.
Measured: Baseline
FOOT POSTURE INDEX
The participant's foot will be observationally scored based on six anatomical criteria in a standing natural posture, and the total score will be recorded.
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Jun 2026
- Study start7 Apr 2026
- Primary completion20 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Sep 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Plantar FasciitisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 128 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Feyza Nur Yucel, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Investigators
- Feyza Nur Yücel, Principal investigator, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07640620
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- E-54230385-929-301089224
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 1 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 11 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data collected during this study will not be made available to other researchers.
Publications
Jayaseelan DJ, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Blattenberger T, Bonneau D. Altered Central Pain Processing in Patients With Chronic Plantar Heel Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic. J Sport Rehabil. 2021 Feb 16;30(5):812-817. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0371.
PubMed 33596547Nijs J, Malfliet A, Nishigami T. Nociplastic pain and central sensitization in patients with chronic pain conditions: a terminology update for clinicians. Braz J Phys Ther. 2023 May-Jun;27(3):100518. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100518. Epub 2023 Jun 14. No abstract available.
PubMed 37348359Plaza-Manzano G, Rios-Leon M, Martin-Casas P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Ortega-Santiago R. Widespread Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity in Musculoskeletal and Nerve Trunk Areas as a Sign of Altered Nociceptive Processing in Unilateral Plantar Heel Pain. J Pain. 2019 Jan;20(1):60-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
PubMed 30121357Cotchett M, Lennecke A, Medica VG, Whittaker GA, Bonanno DR. The association between pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia with pain and function in people with plantar heel pain. Foot (Edinb). 2017 Aug;32:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
PubMed 28605621Bennell KL, Talbot RC, Wajswelner H, Techovanich W, Kelly DH, Hall AJ. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a weight-bearing lunge measure of ankle dorsiflexion. Aust J Physiother. 1998;44(3):175-180. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60377-9.
PubMed 11676731Redmond AC, Crosbie J, Ouvrier RA. Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture: the Foot Posture Index. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2006 Jan;21(1):89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.002. Epub 2005 Sep 21.
PubMed 16182419Sabir N, Demirlenk S, Yagci B, Karabulut N, Cubukcu S. Clinical utility of sonography in diagnosing plantar fasciitis. J Ultrasound Med. 2005 Aug;24(8):1041-8. doi: 10.7863/jum.2005.24.8.1041.
PubMed 16040817
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- IInvestigation of the Relationship Between Central Sensitization and Clinical, Functional, and Ultrasonographic Parameters In Plantar Fasciitis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07640620
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- E-54230385-929-301089224
- Conditions
- Plantar Fasciitis
- Keywords
- plantar fasciitis, central sensitization, pain pressure threshold, kinesiophobia
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 128 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 11 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain and is traditionally considered a mechanical musculoskeletal disorder. Recent evidence suggests that central sensitization may also contribute to pain in individuals with plantar fasciitis. This study aims to investigate the relationships between neurophysiological variables (pressure pain threshold, central sensitization, and pain intensity), psychological factors (pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, anxiety, and depression), ultrasonographic findings (plantar fascia thickness), and functional outcomes (foot function and quality of life) in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Detailed description
Heel pain caused by plantar fasciitis is one of the common reasons for visits to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinics. Plantar fasciitis is characterized by throbbing medial plantar heel pain that occurs especially with the first step in the morning or after long periods of rest and is a musculoskeletal disorder. The diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is usually determined clinically. In ultrasound, findings such as thickening of the plantar fascia and hypoechogenicity in the fascia are advantageous in diagnosis. Although the mechanical aspect of pain has often been emphasized in the treatment of plantar fasciitis, recent studies have gained momentum in suggesting that central sensitization is also among the pain mechanisms of plantar fasciitis. In addition, as with many chronic musculoskeletal pains, the role of psychological factors such as kinesiophobia, catastrophizing pain, depressive symptoms, and anxiety has been investigated in plantar fasciitis. However, data on the relationship between factors such as pressure pain sensitivity, central sensitization, catastrophizing pain, and kinesiophobia in plantar fasciitis are limited. The aim of this study is to contribute to the increasing literature in this field by investigating the relationship between psychological (catastrophizing pain, kinesiophobia, anxiety, and depression), ultrasonographic findings (plantar fascia thickness), and functional status (foot functional index, quality of life) variables with neurophysiological (pressure pain threshold, central sensitization, pain) variables in plantar fasciitis.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Plantar fasciitis group | – | Other: Pressure Pain Threshold Assessment, Other: Ultrasonographic AssessmentParticipants with clinically diagnosed plantar fasciitis. |
| Healthy Volunteers (control group) | – | Other: Pressure Pain Threshold Assessment, Other: Ultrasonographic AssessmentAge- and sex-matched healthy adults without plantar fasciitis. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Individuals applying to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic of Sultan 2. Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital will be evaluated, and those who meet the inclusion criteria for the groups and sign the voluntary consent form will be included in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure Pain Threshold AssessmentPressure pain threshold measurements will be performed using a pressure algometer to assess pain sensitivity. | Other | Healthy Volunteers (control group), Plantar fasciitis group |
| Ultrasonographic AssessmentUltrasonographic evaluation will be performed to measure plantar fascia thickness and assess plantar fascia morphology. | Other | Healthy Volunteers (control group), Plantar fasciitis group |
Primary outcome
Forearm Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)
Time frame: Baseline
Pressure pain threshold is defined as the minimal pressure level that causes pain. The measurement will be applied twice for each region with a 1-minute interval, and the average of these applications will be recorded. A trial test will be conducted on the patient before the actual test. Pressure will be applied to selected points with a pressure algometer until pain is induced, and the test for that area will be terminated when the patient feels pain. The measurement will be taken from the calcaneus bone (the starting point of the plantar fascia) and from the forearm, which is a distant, painless, and unrelated area, using the Wagner manual pressure algometer (1 cm² probe-10 kg/20 lb). The reliability of the measurement in these areas has been demonstrated.
10 secondary outcomes
Numeric Pain Rating Scale, NPRS
Time frame: Baseline
Short Form-12 (SF-12)
Time frame: Baseline
Foot Function Index
Time frame: Baseline
Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Time frame: Baseline
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
Time frame: Baseline
Central Sensitization Inventory
Time frame: Baseline
Thickness of the plantar fascia in ultrasonographic imaging
Time frame: Baseline
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Time frame: CROSS-SECTIONAL
Weight-Bearing Lunge Test
Time frame: Baseline
FOOT POSTURE INDEX
Time frame: Baseline
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Jun 2026.
- Background: PubMed 33596547Jayaseelan DJ, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Blattenberger T, Bonneau D. Altered Central Pain Processing in Patients With Chronic Plantar Heel Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic. J Sport Rehabil. 2021 Feb 16;30(5):812-817. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0371.
- Background: PubMed 37348359Nijs J, Malfliet A, Nishigami T. Nociplastic pain and central sensitization in patients with chronic pain conditions: a terminology update for clinicians. Braz J Phys Ther. 2023 May-Jun;27(3):100518. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100518. Epub 2023 Jun 14. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30121357Plaza-Manzano G, Rios-Leon M, Martin-Casas P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Ortega-Santiago R. Widespread Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity in Musculoskeletal and Nerve Trunk Areas as a Sign of Altered Nociceptive Processing in Unilateral Plantar Heel Pain. J Pain. 2019 Jan;20(1):60-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
- Background: PubMed 28605621Cotchett M, Lennecke A, Medica VG, Whittaker GA, Bonanno DR. The association between pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia with pain and function in people with plantar heel pain. Foot (Edinb). 2017 Aug;32:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
- Background: PubMed 11676731Bennell KL, Talbot RC, Wajswelner H, Techovanich W, Kelly DH, Hall AJ. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a weight-bearing lunge measure of ankle dorsiflexion. Aust J Physiother. 1998;44(3):175-180. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60377-9.
- Background: PubMed 16182419Redmond AC, Crosbie J, Ouvrier RA. Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture: the Foot Posture Index. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2006 Jan;21(1):89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.002. Epub 2005 Sep 21.
- Background: PubMed 16040817Sabir N, Demirlenk S, Yagci B, Karabulut N, Cubukcu S. Clinical utility of sonography in diagnosing plantar fasciitis. J Ultrasound Med. 2005 Aug;24(8):1041-8. doi: 10.7863/jum.2005.24.8.1041.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data collected during this study will not be made available to other researchers.
Related trials for Plantar Fasciitis
Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of TECAR Therapy in Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar Fasciitis
Active, not recruiting
Active Release Technique vs. Dynamic Soft Tissue Mobilization for Plantar Pain
Plantar Fascitis
Not yet recruiting
Hip Muscle Strengthening and Calf Myofascial Release in Females With Chronic Plantar Fasciitis
Chronic Planter Fascitis
Recruiting
F-18 Sodium Fluoride PET/CT-Guided Pain Palliation in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Comparative Study of ¹⁷⁷Lutetium-Corticosteroid-Local Anaesthetic Injection vs Corticosteroid-Local Anaesthetic Injection
Plantar Fascitis, Chronic Heel Pain
Not yet recruiting
Radial vs Focused Shockwave Therapy for Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar Fasciitis, Chronic
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Feyza Nur Yücel principal investigator
Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Plantar Fasciitis, run by Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Feyza Nur Yücel, Assoc. Prof. (2165422000 ext. +90, dr.fny28@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Forearm Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) (time frame: Baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07640620, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Jun 2026.