AzTrials
AzTrials

HypertensionNCT07649577

Generative AI for Medication Counselling and Adherence in Community Pharmacies

A study testing pharmacist-supervised AI-assisted medication counseling in people with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, run by University of Petra at 1 site in Jordan.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

Medication counseling within community pharmacies is crucial for managing chronic diseases, yet significant challenges regarding correctness and completeness remain in Jordan. Although generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be utilized for patient education, there is a lack of research on clinical impact and… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemias
What is being tested?
pharmacist-supervised AI-assisted medication counseling
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
136 participants
Where
1 siteJordan
Study dates
1 Jan 2026to 30 Mar 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Adults aged 18 years or older. Presenting with a new prescription or a refill for a chronic medication requiring counseling within one of the following classes: antihypertensives, oral antidiabetics, lipid-lowering agents, anticoagulants, or inhaled maintenance therapies.
  • Willing and able to provide informed consent.
  • Pharmacies legally registered in Jordan, providing routine prescription dispensing services, having at least one licensed pharmacist available during recruitment hours, and agreeing to participate for the full trial period.
  • Licensed pharmacists with a minimum of 2 years of clinical experience, working in participating pharmacies, providing direct patient counseling, and consenting to take part in the study.

Who cannot join

  • Presence of acute infections. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders or oncological conditions. Presence of severe acute illness requiring urgent medical referral. Cognitive impairment precluding informed consent. Hearing or communication barriers that prevent interview completion without the presence of a caregiver.
  • Inability to provide a follow-up phone number for the 30-day adherence assessment.
  • Pharmacy and Pharmacist (Cluster) Eligibility Criteria
  • Pharmacies that are already using structured AI-assisted counseling tools as part of their routine practice.
  • Pharmacists on temporary placement for less than one month. Pharmacists not involved in patient-facing counseling.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Jordan1 site
  • Petra University

    Amman

Other trials in Jordan

About this study

Official title: Human-AI Collaboration in the Pharmacy: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Generative AI for Medication Counselling and Adherence

Medication counseling within community pharmacies is crucial for managing chronic diseases, yet significant challenges regarding correctness and completeness remain in Jordan. Although generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be utilized for patient education, there is a lack of research on clinical impact and safety of AI in medication counseling conducted by pharmacists in real-world practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pharmacist-supervised AI-assisted medication counseling on the correctness and completeness of counseling information and 30-day medication adherence among patients in Jordanian community pharmacies.

Read the detailed description

Materials and Methods: This pragmatic, two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial enrolled 136 adult patients across 16 community pharmacies in Jordan (8 clusters per arm). Pharmacists in the intervention arm used a standardized prompt strategy with ChatGPT® to generate counseling drafts, which were then verified and edited before delivery. The control arm provided usual counseling. Co-primary outcomes were correctness and completeness of counseling information (percentage scores based on blinded transcript analysis). Secondary outcomes included 30-day medication adherence (General Medication Adherence Scale [GMAS]), immediate patient understanding, and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models.

Being tested
pharmacist-supervised AI-assisted medication counseling
Medical subject headings
Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemias, Cardiovascular Diseases, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Asthma, Chronic Disease

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • pharmacist-supervised AI-assisted medication counselingOther

    Also called Intervention arm procedures

    For all eligible patients in the intervention arm, the pharmacist performed the standard patient assessment and determined which medicine(s) needed counselling. Then, the pharmacist input a prompt in a de-identified format into ChatGPT®. The prompt was a request for an easy-to-understand counselling document with information regarding the indications for the medication, dosage, schedule, route, course, missed doses, possible side effects, important precautions, storage, and advice on taking the medicine as prescribed (Appendix A). The pharmacist ensured that the content generated by the AI was accurate and clear, making corrections where necessary, and then gave verbal counselling to the patient.

    The AI output was never provided to the patients without pharmacist evaluation. It is worth noting that pharmacists could also reject the AI output as inaccurate, insufficient, hazardous, and inappropriate altogether. Reproducibility was ensured through documenting the date and time, prompt te

Study groups in NCT07649577
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Intervention arm proceduresActive comparatorFor all eligible patients in the intervention arm, the pharmacist performed the standard patient assessment and determined which medicine(s) needed counselling. Then, the pharmacist input a prompt in a de-identified format into ChatGPT®. The prompt was a request for an easy-to-understand counselling document with information regarding the indications for the medication, dosage, schedule, route, course, missed doses, possible side effects, important precautions, storage, and advice on taking the medicine as prescribed (Appendix A). The pharmacist ensured that the content generated by the AI was accurate and clear, making corrections where necessary, and then gave verbal counselling to the patient.
Receives: Other: pharmacist-supervised AI-assisted medication counseling
Control arm proceduresNo interventionPharmacies randomized to the control arm continued to provide usual medication counselling according to their standard routine practice, without access to the AI prompt templates or study AI workflow. Control pharmacists used their usual professional references, as would occur in routine care, but they were not trained in or asked to use ChatGPT® during the trial period.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Percentage of Applicable Counseling Domains Provided Correctly

    Defined as the proportion of clinically applicable counseling domains communicated accurately during the encounter, compared with a medication-specific reference sheet. Scored on a 0-100 scale, calculated as (Number of applicable domains correctly informed / Total number of applicable domains) x 100.Correctness score= (Number of applicable domains

    Measured: day 0

  2. Percentage of Essential Counseling Domains Addressed

    Defined as the proportion of essential counseling domains that were addressed during the encounter. Scored on a 0-100 scale, calculated as (Number of applicable domains addressed / Total number of applicable domains) x 100.

    Measured: Day 0

Secondary outcomes (9)
  1. Number of Counseling Deficiencies Categorized by Clinical Severity

    The frequency of omitted or incorrect counseling information, independently assessed by a panel of pharmacists using a 3-point scale: Low Severity (minor wording issues), Moderate Severity (errors leading to sub-therapeutic effects), and High Severity (errors with high potential for significant patient harm).

    Measured: Day 0

  2. Score on the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS)

    Medication adherence assessed via telephone follow-up using the continuous total score from the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS). Higher scores indicate better medication adherence.

    Measured: 30 Days Post-Encounter

  3. Number of Participants Achieving Good Adherence

    The number of participants meeting the validated threshold for "good adherence" based on their GMAS survey responses.

    Measured: 30 Days Post-Encounter

  4. Total Score on the Immediate Patient Understanding (Teach-Back) Assessment

    A brief interviewer-administered understanding assessment based on teach-back principles. Scores range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating a better understanding of the medication.

    Measured: Day 0

  5. Total Score on the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire

    A questionnaire covering clarity, usefulness, confidence, and overall satisfaction. Total scores range from 5 to 25, with higher scores indicating greater patient satisfaction.

    Measured: Day 0

  6. Time Spent on Face-to-Face Counseling

    Total face-to-face counseling time measured in minutes using audio timestamps from the start of counseling to completion.

    Measured: Day 0

  7. Number of Encounters Based on AI Output Acceptance Level

    The proportion of encounters in which the AI-generated counseling output was fully accepted, edited before delivery, or rejected outright by the pharmacist.

    Measured: Day 0

  8. Number of AI-Related Discrepancies Identified

    The frequency of detected AI inaccuracies prior to counseling, such as omitted counseling points, overly technical wording, or incomplete missed-dose advice.

    Measured: Day 0

  9. Number of Clinical Near Misses and Safety Incidents

    The number of encounters featuring a "near miss" (an AI error identified and corrected by the pharmacist before reaching the patient) or an "incident" (inaccurate information that actually reached the patient).

    Measured: Day 0

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted16 Jun 2026
  2. Study start1 Jan 2026
  3. Primary completion30 Mar 2026
  4. Study completion30 Mar 2026

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
This study was a pragmatic, parallel, two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial design, with the community pharmacy as the unit of randomization and the patient encounter as the unit of analysis.
Masking
Quadruple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
136 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07649577
Sponsor's protocol ID
Petrauniversity
Status last verified
Jun 2026
First submitted
3 Jun 2026
Last updated
16 Jun 2026
Results posted
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Abdel-Qader, D. H., Al Meslamani, A. Z., Lewis, P. J., & Hamadi, S. (2021). Incidence, nature, severity, and causes of dispensing errors in community pharmacies in Jordan. International journal of clinical pharmacy, 43(1), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01126-w Abdel-Qader, D. H., et al. (2024). A comprehensive analysis of public satisfaction: Community pharmacists' pandemic preparedness in Jordan. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 14(8), 160-168. Abdel-Qader, D. H., et al. (2025). Drug-Drug interaction management among pharmacists in Jordan: A national comparative survey. Pharmacy, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13050137 Abu Hammour, K., et al. (2023). ChatGPT in pharmacy practice: A cross-sectional exploration of Jordanian pharmacists' perception, practice, and concerns. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 16(1), 115. Ali, S., Shimels, T., & Bilal, A. I. (2019). Assessment of patient counseling on dispensing of medicines in outpatient pharmacy of Tikur-Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 29(6), 727. Campbell, M. K., et al. (2012). Consort 2010 statement: Extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ, 345. Chan, A.-W., et al. (2015). SPIRIT 2013 Statement: Defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 38, 506-514. Elayeh, E. R., et al. (2019). Use of secret simulated patient followed by workshop based education to assess and improve inhaler counseling in community pharmacy in Jordan. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 17(4). Fattah, F. H., et al. (2025). Comparative analysis of ChatGPT and Gemini (Bard) in medical inquiry: A scoping review. Frontiers in digital health, 7, 1482712. FIP, I. P. F. (2021). Medication review and medicines use review: A toolkit for pharmacists Colophon. FIP, I. P. F. (2025). An artificial intelligence toolkit for pharmacy: An introduction and resource guide for pharmacists. (March). Hammad, E. A., et al. (2022). Feasibi

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing pharmacist-supervised AI-assisted medication counseling in people with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, run by University of Petra at 1 site in Jordan.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Jordan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Percentage of Applicable Counseling Domains Provided Correctly (time frame: day 0). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07649577, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jun 2026.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in