Obesity & OverweightCX3CL1NCT07655739
The Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fractalkine
An observational study of Obesity & Overweight, run by Mehmet Buğra Bozan at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine involved in leukocyte adhesion, migration, and obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Although bariatric surgery results in substantial weight loss and metabolic improvement, the temporal pattern of circulating CX3CL1 levels following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Obesity & Overweight
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 4 Sep 2025to 4 Feb 2026
- How long will I take part?
- 2 Months
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m² or a BMI ≥35 kg/m² in the presence of at least one obesity-related comorbidity who were planned for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
Who may be able to join
- • Age ≥18 years
- • Elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- • Provision of written informed consent for study participation and scheduled follow-up assessments
Who cannot join
- • Active infection or acute inflammatory condition
- • Autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease
- • History of malignancy
- • Chronic liver or kidney disease
- • Pregnancy or lactation
- • Corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy
- • Major postoperative complications
- • Missing data or incomplete sampling
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital
Elâzığ, 23100
About this study
Official title: Temporal Changes in Fractalkine (CX3CL1) Levels Following Sleeve Gastrectomy and Their Association With Weight Loss: A Prospective Study
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine involved in leukocyte adhesion, migration, and obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Although bariatric surgery results in substantial weight loss and metabolic improvement, the temporal pattern of circulating CX3CL1 levels following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes in serum CX3CL1 levels after LSG and to investigate their association with postoperative weight loss.
Read the detailed description
Morbid obesity is an immunometabolic disorder characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and several malignancies. The inflammatory process accompanying obesity originates primarily within the adipose tissue and gradually evolves into a systemic response, affecting multiple organ systems. Adipocyte hypertrophy and immune-cell infiltration promote the production of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). This persistent inflammatory state, commonly referred to as "metaflammation," plays a central role in the development of metabolic dysfunction. Consequently, obesity is currently regarded not merely as a disorder of energy imbalance but as a complex systemic disease in which chronic inflammation contributes substantially to multisystem involvement.
In recent years, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become one of the most frequently performed bariatric procedures worldwide. In addition to achieving substantial and sustained weight loss, LSG is associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and lipid metabolism. A considerable proportion of these beneficial effects is believed to be mediated by alterations in inflammatory pathways. However, the dynamics of the postoperative immunometabolic response and its reflection on circulating biomarkers remain incompletely understood.
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine that exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms and regulates leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis through its receptor CX3CR1. Growing evidence suggests that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling axis contributes to obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Increased circulating and adipose tissue levels of CX3CL1 have been reported in obese individuals, and this molecule has been implicated in enhancing monocyte-adipocyte interactions. Nevertheless, the precise role of fractalkine in metabolic regulation remains unclear, and conflicting findings have been reported.
The rapid weight loss and remodeling of inflammatory responses observed after bariatric surgery may also influence the circulating fractalkine levels. However, published data evaluating temporal changes in serum fractalkine levels following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and their relationship with weight loss outcomes remain limited. This knowledge gap raises the possibility that fractalkine may reflect not only weight loss but also the underlying immunometabolic processes associated with obesity and its surgical treatment.
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the temporal changes in serum CX3CL1 levels in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and to investigate the relationship between these changes and postoperative weight loss. We also sought to determine whether metabolic alterations after bariatric surgery were associated with changes in circulating CX3CL1 levels.
- Conditions
- Obesity & Overweight
- Keywords
- Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Sleeve gastrectomy, Morbid obesity, Weight loss, Inflammation
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity, Overweight, Obesity, Morbid, Weight Loss, Inflammation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity Surgery Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy | Obesity Surgery Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Fractalcine levels changes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Fractalcine levels changes between preoperative and postop operative third month
Measured: 3 months
Weight lost levels after obesity surgery
Preoperative and the postoperative third month's Total weight lost percentage and excess weight loss percentage were calculated.
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Jun 2026
- Study start4 Sep 2025
- Primary completion4 Jan 2026
- Study completion4 Feb 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Obesity & OverweightStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 2 Months
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mehmet Buğra Bozan
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Mehmet Buğra Bozan, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07655739
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/14-21
- Acronym
- CX3CL1
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 13 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 18 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Polyak A, Ferenczi S, Denes A, Winkler Z, Kriszt R, Pinter-Kubler B, Kovacs KJ. The fractalkine/Cx3CR1 system is implicated in the development of metabolic visceral adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Brain Behav Immun. 2014 May;38:25-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.010. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
PubMed 24456845Swalsingh G, Pani P, Sadayappan S, Bal NC. Fractalkine is a key player in skeletal muscle metabolism and pathophysiology. FEBS J. 2026 Apr;293(7):1865-1881. doi: 10.1111/febs.70267. Epub 2025 Sep 25.
PubMed 40995677Sirois-Gagnon D, Chamberland A, Perron S, Brisson D, Gaudet D, Laprise C. Association of common polymorphisms in the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jan;19(1):222-7. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.125. Epub 2010 Jun 3.
PubMed 20523302Cefalu WT. Fractalkine: a cellular link between adipose tissue inflammation and vascular pathologies. Diabetes. 2011 May;60(5):1380-2. doi: 10.2337/db11-0239. No abstract available.
PubMed 21525509Morris DL, Oatmen KE, Wang T, DelProposto JL, Lumeng CN. CX3CR1 deficiency does not influence trafficking of adipose tissue macrophages in mice with diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Jun;20(6):1189-99. doi: 10.1038/oby.2012.7. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
PubMed 22252034Shah R, Hinkle CC, Ferguson JF, Mehta NN, Li M, Qu L, Lu Y, Putt ME, Ahima RS, Reilly MP. Fractalkine is a novel human adipochemokine associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2011 May;60(5):1512-8. doi: 10.2337/db10-0956.
PubMed 21525510Rivera-Carranza T, Azaola-Espinosa A, Bojalil-Parra R, Zuniga-Leon E, Leon-Tellez-Giron A, Rojano-Rodriguez ME, Najera-Medina O. Immunometabolic Changes Following Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Comparative Study. Obes Surg. 2025 Feb;35(2):481-495. doi: 10.1007/s11695-024-07598-3. Epub 2025 Jan 11.
PubMed 39794663Subramaniam R, Aliakbarian H, Bhutta HY, Harris DA, Tavakkoli A, Sheu EG. Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Attenuate Pro-inflammatory Small Intestinal Cytokine Signatures. Obes Surg. 2019 Dec;29(12):3824-3832. doi: 10.1007/s11695-019-04059-0.
PubMed 31363962Farsad F, Salimpour S, Mirhashemi S, Jolfaei P, Erfanifar A, Toreyhi H, Davoudi Z. Impact of BMI Reduction After Sleeve Surgery on ESR and CRP Levels in Patients with Obesity. Obes Surg. 2025 Apr;35(4):1307-1315. doi: 10.1007/s11695-025-07746-3. Epub 2025 Mar 3.
PubMed 40025344Surve A, Cottam D, Pryor A, Cottam S, Michaelson R, Umbach T, Williams M, Bagshahi H, July L, Bueno R, Chock D, Apel M, Hart C, Johnson W, Curtis B, Rosenbluth A, Spaniolas K, Medlin W, Wright W, Lee C, Lee C, Trujeque R, Rinker D. A Prospective Multicenter Standard of Care Study of Outpatient Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2024 Apr;34(4):1122-1130. doi: 10.1007/s11695-024-07094-8. Epub 2024 Feb 17.
PubMed 38366263Rohm TV, Meier DT, Olefsky JM, Donath MY. Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity. 2022 Jan 11;55(1):31-55. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013.
PubMed 35021057Zatterale F, Longo M, Naderi J, Raciti GA, Desiderio A, Miele C, Beguinot F. Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol. 2020 Jan 29;10:1607. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01607. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 32063863Crasan IM, Tanase M, Delia CE, Gradisteanu-Pircalabioru G, Cimpean A, Ionica E. Metaflammation's Role in Systemic Dysfunction in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Oct 27;26(21):10445. doi: 10.3390/ijms262110445.
PubMed 41226484Engin A. Reappraisal of Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1460:297-327. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_10.
PubMed 39287856Ahmed B, Sultana R, Greene MW. Adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 May;137:111315. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111315. Epub 2021 Feb 6.
PubMed 33561645
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Temporal Changes in Fractalkine (CX3CL1) Levels Following Sleeve Gastrectomy and Their Association With Weight Loss: A Prospective Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07655739
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CX3CL1 / 2025/14-21
- Conditions
- Obesity & Overweight
- Keywords
- Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Sleeve gastrectomy, Morbid obesity, Weight loss, Inflammation
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mehmet Buğra BozanUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 4 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 4 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 4 Feb 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine involved in leukocyte adhesion, migration, and obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Although bariatric surgery results in substantial weight loss and metabolic improvement, the temporal pattern of circulating CX3CL1 levels following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes in serum CX3CL1 levels after LSG and to investigate their association with postoperative weight loss.
Detailed description
Morbid obesity is an immunometabolic disorder characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and several malignancies. The inflammatory process accompanying obesity originates primarily within the adipose tissue and gradually evolves into a systemic response, affecting multiple organ systems. Adipocyte hypertrophy and immune-cell infiltration promote the production of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). This persistent inflammatory state, commonly referred to as "metaflammation," plays a central role in the development of metabolic dysfunction. Consequently, obesity is currently regarded not merely as a disorder of energy imbalance but as a complex systemic disease in which chronic inflammation contributes substantially to multisystem involvement.
In recent years, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become one of the most frequently performed bariatric procedures worldwide. In addition to achieving substantial and sustained weight loss, LSG is associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and lipid metabolism. A considerable proportion of these beneficial effects is believed to be mediated by alterations in inflammatory pathways. However, the dynamics of the postoperative immunometabolic response and its reflection on circulating biomarkers remain incompletely understood.
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine that exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms and regulates leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis through its receptor CX3CR1. Growing evidence suggests that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling axis contributes to obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Increased circulating and adipose tissue levels of CX3CL1 have been reported in obese individuals, and this molecule has been implicated in enhancing monocyte-adipocyte interactions. Nevertheless, the precise role of fractalkine in metabolic regulation remains unclear, and conflicting findings have been reported.
The rapid weight loss and remodeling of inflammatory responses observed after bariatric surgery may also influence the circulating fractalkine levels. However, published data evaluating temporal changes in serum fractalkine levels following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and their relationship with weight loss outcomes remain limited. This knowledge gap raises the possibility that fractalkine may reflect not only weight loss but also the underlying immunometabolic processes associated with obesity and its surgical treatment.
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the temporal changes in serum CX3CL1 levels in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and to investigate the relationship between these changes and postoperative weight loss. We also sought to determine whether metabolic alterations after bariatric surgery were associated with changes in circulating CX3CL1 levels.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 2 Months
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity Surgery Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy | – | –Obesity Surgery Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m² or a BMI ≥35 kg/m² in the presence of at least one obesity-related comorbidity who were planned for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- • Age ≥18 years
- • Elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- • Provision of written informed consent for study participation and scheduled follow-up assessments
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- • Active infection or acute inflammatory condition
- • Autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease
- • History of malignancy
- • Chronic liver or kidney disease
- • Pregnancy or lactation
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Fractalcine levels changes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Time frame: 3 months
Fractalcine levels changes between preoperative and postop operative third month
Weight lost levels after obesity surgery
Time frame: 3 months
Preoperative and the postoperative third month's Total weight lost percentage and excess weight loss percentage were calculated.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Jun 2026.
- Background: PubMed 24456845Polyak A, Ferenczi S, Denes A, Winkler Z, Kriszt R, Pinter-Kubler B, Kovacs KJ. The fractalkine/Cx3CR1 system is implicated in the development of metabolic visceral adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Brain Behav Immun. 2014 May;38:25-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.010. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
- Background: PubMed 40995677Swalsingh G, Pani P, Sadayappan S, Bal NC. Fractalkine is a key player in skeletal muscle metabolism and pathophysiology. FEBS J. 2026 Apr;293(7):1865-1881. doi: 10.1111/febs.70267. Epub 2025 Sep 25.
- Background: PubMed 20523302Sirois-Gagnon D, Chamberland A, Perron S, Brisson D, Gaudet D, Laprise C. Association of common polymorphisms in the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jan;19(1):222-7. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.125. Epub 2010 Jun 3.
- Background: PubMed 21525509Cefalu WT. Fractalkine: a cellular link between adipose tissue inflammation and vascular pathologies. Diabetes. 2011 May;60(5):1380-2. doi: 10.2337/db11-0239. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 22252034Morris DL, Oatmen KE, Wang T, DelProposto JL, Lumeng CN. CX3CR1 deficiency does not influence trafficking of adipose tissue macrophages in mice with diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Jun;20(6):1189-99. doi: 10.1038/oby.2012.7. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
- Background: PubMed 21525510Shah R, Hinkle CC, Ferguson JF, Mehta NN, Li M, Qu L, Lu Y, Putt ME, Ahima RS, Reilly MP. Fractalkine is a novel human adipochemokine associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2011 May;60(5):1512-8. doi: 10.2337/db10-0956.
- Background: PubMed 39794663Rivera-Carranza T, Azaola-Espinosa A, Bojalil-Parra R, Zuniga-Leon E, Leon-Tellez-Giron A, Rojano-Rodriguez ME, Najera-Medina O. Immunometabolic Changes Following Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Comparative Study. Obes Surg. 2025 Feb;35(2):481-495. doi: 10.1007/s11695-024-07598-3. Epub 2025 Jan 11.
- Background: PubMed 31363962Subramaniam R, Aliakbarian H, Bhutta HY, Harris DA, Tavakkoli A, Sheu EG. Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Attenuate Pro-inflammatory Small Intestinal Cytokine Signatures. Obes Surg. 2019 Dec;29(12):3824-3832. doi: 10.1007/s11695-019-04059-0.
- Background: PubMed 40025344Farsad F, Salimpour S, Mirhashemi S, Jolfaei P, Erfanifar A, Toreyhi H, Davoudi Z. Impact of BMI Reduction After Sleeve Surgery on ESR and CRP Levels in Patients with Obesity. Obes Surg. 2025 Apr;35(4):1307-1315. doi: 10.1007/s11695-025-07746-3. Epub 2025 Mar 3.
- Background: PubMed 38366263Surve A, Cottam D, Pryor A, Cottam S, Michaelson R, Umbach T, Williams M, Bagshahi H, July L, Bueno R, Chock D, Apel M, Hart C, Johnson W, Curtis B, Rosenbluth A, Spaniolas K, Medlin W, Wright W, Lee C, Lee C, Trujeque R, Rinker D. A Prospective Multicenter Standard of Care Study of Outpatient Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2024 Apr;34(4):1122-1130. doi: 10.1007/s11695-024-07094-8. Epub 2024 Feb 17.
- Background: PubMed 35021057Rohm TV, Meier DT, Olefsky JM, Donath MY. Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity. 2022 Jan 11;55(1):31-55. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013.
- Background: PubMed 32063863Zatterale F, Longo M, Naderi J, Raciti GA, Desiderio A, Miele C, Beguinot F. Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol. 2020 Jan 29;10:1607. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01607. eCollection 2019.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Obesity & Overweight, run by Mehmet Buğra Bozan at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Fractalcine levels changes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (time frame: 3 months). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07655739, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Jun 2026.