Health Care DisparitiesNCT07660575
Ethnic Discrimination Within Primary Care
An observational study of Health Care Disparities, run by Linnaeus University at 1 site in Sweden.
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to examine whether patients are subjected to ethnic discrimination when seeking medical care within the digital Swedish primary health care service: 1177-direct. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Health Care Disparities
- How many people
- 5,367 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSweden
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2024to 31 Jul 2025
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Day
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The base population consists of patient "visits" in the digital "1177 direct" health care service platform. Health care professionals who digitally interacted with these patients are also included in the study population. The study population comes from Region Kalmar county and includes all patients 18 years or older who appear in the "1177 direct" data base.
Who may be able to join
- patients being 18 years or older and appearing in the "1177-direct" data base
Who cannot join
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Discrimination for Real? Rigorous Examination of Ethnic Discrimination Within Swedish Primary Health Care
The aim of this study is to examine whether patients are subjected to ethnic discrimination when seeking medical care within the digital Swedish primary health care service: 1177-direct. In doing so, we aim to identify and statistically control for other major pathways through which treatment differences may arise and which do not constitute direct discrimination, e.g., ethnic group differences in comorbidity. The stored data from the "1177-direct" digital platform enable rigorous examination of discrimination of patients with different ethnic backgrounds that are matched in many respects (e.g., reported symptoms, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, gender). Discrimination as manifested by ethnic differences in health care professionals' patient-centered communication (from the digital chat) and medical treatment will be probed for. By pinpointing the mechanisms underlying unequal care (e.g., discrimination), the results should be of relevance to future interventions aimed at combating inequalities in health care.
- Conditions
- Health Care Disparities
- Keywords
- ethicity, discrimination, health care
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Ethnic majority group patients | Patients with Swedish ethnic background | |
| Ethnic minority group patients | Patients with Middle Eastern and North African ethnic background |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Patient centered communication
Name of measurement: Person centered communication. Unit of measurement: Incidence of patient centered communication displayed in health care professionals' chat messages.
Measurement tool: manual deductive coding of chat messages according to a patient centeredness manual developed by our research group.
Measured: Duration of the patient visit in the platform "1177 direct". Duration typically varies between 10-20 minutes, although some visits may take significantly longer.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Type of care received
Self-devised categorical variable capturing the type of care received. Unit of measure; for example, recommended self-care, physical appointment with a nurse, physical appointment with a doctor, referral to emergency/acute care.
Measured: Duration of the patient visit in the platform "1177 direct". Duration typically varies between 10-20 minutes, although some visits may take significantly longer.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Jun 2026
- Study start1 Jan 2024
- Primary completion31 Jul 2025
- Study completion31 Jul 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Health Care DisparitiesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 5,367 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Day
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Linnaeus University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jens Agerström, Linnaeus University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07660575
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024-01618-01; 2025-07820-0
- Other IDs
- 2023-05843, 2023
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 22 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data cannot be shared feely and made publicly because it may contain sensitive personal information and is located on Statistics Sweden's secure server: MONA. Researchers who would like to reproduce our results need to obtain the necessary approvals and be granted access to the registry and MONA. If approvals are obtained, we will share: Study Protocol Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) Analytic Code
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Discrimination for Real? Rigorous Examination of Ethnic Discrimination Within Swedish Primary Health Care
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07660575
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024-01618-01; 2025-07820-0
- Conditions
- Health Care Disparities
- Keywords
- ethicity, discrimination, health care
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 5,367 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Linnaeus UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to examine whether patients are subjected to ethnic discrimination when seeking medical care within the digital Swedish primary health care service: 1177-direct. In doing so, we aim to identify and statistically control for other major pathways through which treatment differences may arise and which do not constitute direct discrimination, e.g., ethnic group differences in comorbidity. The stored data from the "1177-direct" digital platform enable rigorous examination of discrimination of patients with different ethnic backgrounds that are matched in many respects (e.g., reported symptoms, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, gender). Discrimination as manifested by ethnic differences in health care professionals' patient-centered communication (from the digital chat) and medical treatment will be probed for. By pinpointing the mechanisms underlying unequal care (e.g., discrimination), the results should be of relevance to future interventions aimed at combating inequalities in health care.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Target follow-up
- 1 Day
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Ethnic majority group patients | – | –Patients with Swedish ethnic background |
| Ethnic minority group patients | – | –Patients with Middle Eastern and North African ethnic background |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The base population consists of patient "visits" in the digital "1177 direct" health care service platform. Health care professionals who digitally interacted with these patients are also included in the study population. The study population comes from Region Kalmar county and includes all patients 18 years or older who appear in the "1177 direct" data base.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- patients being 18 years or older and appearing in the "1177-direct" data base
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Patient centered communication
Time frame: Duration of the patient visit in the platform "1177 direct". Duration typically varies between 10-20 minutes, although some visits may take significantly longer.
Name of measurement: Person centered communication. Unit of measurement: Incidence of patient centered communication displayed in health care professionals' chat messages. Measurement tool: manual deductive coding of chat messages according to a patient centeredness manual developed by our research group.
1 secondary outcome
Type of care received
Time frame: Duration of the patient visit in the platform "1177 direct". Duration typically varies between 10-20 minutes, although some visits may take significantly longer.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Jun 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data cannot be shared feely and made publicly because it may contain sensitive personal information and is located on Statistics Sweden's secure server: MONA. Researchers who would like to reproduce our results need to obtain the necessary approvals and be granted access to the registry and MONA. If approvals are obtained, we will share: Study Protocol Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) Analytic Code
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Health Care Disparities, run by Linnaeus University at 1 site in Sweden.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Patient centered communication (time frame: Duration of the patient visit in the platform "1177 direct". Duration typically varies between 10-20 minutes, although some visits may take significantly longer.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Jun 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 28 Oct 2026.