Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD)NCT07662486
Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism in Elite Basketball Referees
An observational study of Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and Bruxism, run by Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to determine the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism in elite basketball referees and to compare the findings with healthy controls. Basketball referees are exposed to high stress levels and maintain a prolonged parafunctional activity by holding a whistle between their teeth… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), Bruxism
- How many people
- 76 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Mar 2025to 1 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Elite Basketball Referees who were actively officiating in the Turkish Basketball Super League of Men and Women during the 2024-2025 season. Healthy Controls who were the individuals aged 18-50 without a history of temporomandibular disorders or bruxism, recruited from hospital staff, patient relatives, and Turkish Basketball Federation employees.
Who may be able to join
- Age between 18-50 years
- Willingness to participate
- Adequate cognitive ability to follow instructions
Who cannot join
- Refusal to participate
- Dental or periodontal pain
- History of temporomandibular disorder treatment
- Occlusal abnormalities
- History of head, neck, or jaw surgery
- Use of medications affecting neuromuscular or bone metabolism
- Use of wind instruments (e.g., flute, clarinet, trumpet)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Bruxism in Elite Basketball Referees: An Ultrasonographic Evaluation and Comparative Analysis With Healthy Controls
This study aims to determine the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism in elite basketball referees and to compare the findings with healthy controls. Basketball referees are exposed to high stress levels and maintain a prolonged parafunctional activity by holding a whistle between their teeth during matches, which may increase the risk of TMD and bruxism.
Participants will be evaluated using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), including Axis I and Axis II assessments. Additionally, ultrasonographic measurements of the masseter and temporalis muscle thickness will be performed both at rest and during clenching. The relationship between TMD, bruxism and ultrasonographic findings will be analyzed.
- Conditions
- Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), Bruxism
- Keywords
- Basketball Referees, Ultrasonography, Masseter muscle, Temporalis Muscle, Bruxism, Temporomandibular joint
- Medical subject headings
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Bruxism
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Elite Basketball Referees | Elite basketball referees officiating in Turkish Basketball Super League of Men or Women during the 2024-2025 season | |
| Healthy Controls | Age-matched healthy individuals without temporomandibular disorders or bruxism |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
bruxism
ultrasonographic measurement of masseter and temporal muscle
Measured: baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jun 2026
- Study start15 Mar 2025
- Primary completion15 Dec 2025
- Study completion1 Jun 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 76 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Izel Deniz Pehlivan Cakici, Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07662486
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025-15
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 5 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 23 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Bruxism in Elite Basketball Referees: An Ultrasonographic Evaluation and Comparative Analysis With Healthy Controls
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07662486
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025-15
- Conditions
- Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), Bruxism
- Keywords
- Basketball Referees, Ultrasonography, Masseter muscle, Temporalis Muscle, Bruxism, Temporomandibular joint
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 76 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research HospitalOther government
- Study start
- 15 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to determine the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism in elite basketball referees and to compare the findings with healthy controls. Basketball referees are exposed to high stress levels and maintain a prolonged parafunctional activity by holding a whistle between their teeth during matches, which may increase the risk of TMD and bruxism.
Participants will be evaluated using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), including Axis I and Axis II assessments. Additionally, ultrasonographic measurements of the masseter and temporalis muscle thickness will be performed both at rest and during clenching. The relationship between TMD, bruxism and ultrasonographic findings will be analyzed.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Elite Basketball Referees | – | –Elite basketball referees officiating in Turkish Basketball Super League of Men or Women during the 2024-2025 season |
| Healthy Controls | – | –Age-matched healthy individuals without temporomandibular disorders or bruxism |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Elite Basketball Referees who were actively officiating in the Turkish Basketball Super League of Men and Women during the 2024-2025 season. Healthy Controls who were the individuals aged 18-50 without a history of temporomandibular disorders or bruxism, recruited from hospital staff, patient relatives, and Turkish Basketball Federation employees.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Age between 18-50 years
- Willingness to participate
- Adequate cognitive ability to follow instructions
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Refusal to participate
- Dental or periodontal pain
- History of temporomandibular disorder treatment
- Occlusal abnormalities
- History of head, neck, or jaw surgery
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
bruxism
Time frame: baseline
ultrasonographic measurement of masseter and temporal muscle
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Jun 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and Bruxism, run by Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
bruxism (time frame: baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jun 2026.