Pes PlanusFMS-PPNCT07664332
Immediate Effects of Plantar Fascia Release Combined With Foot Exercises on FMS Subscores in Young Adults With Pes Planus
A study testing Protocol B: Foot Core Exercises, Plantar Fascia Stretching, and Myofascial Release and Protocol A: Foot core Exercises and Plantar Facia Streching in people with Pes Planus and FMS, run by Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized crossover clinical study aims to investigate the immediate effects of plantar fascia release combined with foot exercises on Functional Movement Screen sub-scores in physically active young adults with pes planus. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Pes Planus, FMS
- What is being tested?
- Protocol B: Foot Core Exercises, Plantar Fascia Stretching, and Myofascial Release and Protocol A: Foot core Exercises and Plantar Facia Streching
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 29 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 18 Jul 2026to 14 Aug 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being between 18 and 35 years of age
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent
- Having pes planus according to the Navicular Drop Test result
- Having the cognitive ability to understand and perform the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test instructions
- Being classified as sufficiently physically active according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), defined as at least 1,500 MET-min/week of vigorous-intensity activity or at least 3,000 MET-min/week of moderate-intensity activity
- Having no history of lower-extremity surgery within the previous 6 months
- Having no history of lower-extremity injury or disability within the previous 6 months
- Agreeing to complete the study protocol over two days
Who cannot join
- Having a history of ankle sprain, particularly recurrent ankle sprains
- Presence of hallux valgus deformity
- Presence of hammer toe deformity
- Presence of generalized ligamentous laxity
- Having a history of systemic disease, such as rheumatic, neurological, or metabolic disorders
- Presence of ongoing lower-extremity pain
- Having any orthopedic or neurological condition that may prevent the safe performance of the Functional Movement Screen tests
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
University of Healt Sciences, Gülhane Faculty ofHealth Sciences
Ankara, Ankara, 06018
About this study
Official title: Immediate Effects of Plantar Fascia Release Combined With Foot Exercises on Functional Movement Screen Subscores in Young Adults With Pes Planus: A Randomized Crossover Study
This randomized crossover clinical study aims to investigate the immediate effects of plantar fascia release combined with foot exercises on Functional Movement Screen sub-scores in physically active young adults with pes planus.
Participants aged 18-35 years with pes planus, determined by the Navicular Drop Test, will complete two different intervention protocols in a randomized order. Protocol A will include foot-core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching. Protocol B will include the same foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching, with the addition of plantar fascia myofascial release. Each participant will receive both interventions on separate sessions, with a 24-hour washout period between sessions.
Read more
Functional movement quality will be assessed using two Functional Movement Screen subtests: Deep Squat and Hurdle Step. These tests will be performed before and after each intervention session to evaluate acute changes in movement performance.
The main hypothesis of the study is that plantar fascia myofascial release combined with foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching will produce greater immediate improvements in Functional Movement Screen Deep Squat and Hurdle Step scores compared with foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching alone.
Read the detailed description
This study is planned as a randomized crossover interventional clinical study designed to evaluate the acute effects of plantar fascia release combined with foot exercises on functional movement quality in young adults with pes planus.
Pes planus is associated with reduced medial longitudinal arch support and excessive pronation, which may influence lower extremity alignment, load transfer, postural control, and functional movement patterns. Foot-core exercises aim to activate and strengthen the intrinsic muscles of the foot that support the medial longitudinal arch. Plantar fascia stretching and myofascial release may improve the flexibility and mechanical properties of the plantar fascia and may contribute to improved ankle and lower extremity movement capacity. Therefore, combining active foot stabilization exercises with plantar fascia interventions may provide an immediate effect on movement quality.
The study will include physically active young adults aged 18-35 years with pes planus. Pes planus will be determined using the Navicular Drop Test. Physical activity level will be assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. After eligibility screening and written informed consent, participants will complete two different intervention protocols in a randomized order.
The crossover design will allow each participant to receive both intervention protocols and serve as their own control. A 24-hour washout period will be provided between the two intervention sessions to minimize possible carryover effects. In each session, Functional Movement Screen subtests will be assessed before the intervention. The assigned intervention protocol will then be applied, followed by a one-hour waiting period. After this waiting period, the Functional Movement Screen subscores will be repeated to determine the immediate effect of the intervention.
Protocol A will consist of foot-core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching. The foot-core exercise program will include short foot exercise, towel curl, toe spread, great toe extension, and reverse tandem walking. Plantar fascia stretching will be performed using a plantar fascia-specific stretching technique.
Protocol B will consist of the same foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching, with the addition of plantar fascia myofascial release. Myofascial release will be applied manually along the plantar fascia, from the calcaneal region toward the metatarsal heads, with controlled pressure and within the participant's tolerance.
Functional movement quality will be evaluated using the Deep Squat and Hurdle Step subtests of the Functional Movement Screen. These tests were selected because they reflect lower extremity mobility, stability, balance, and movement control, which may be influenced by foot posture and plantar fascia mobility.
The primary aim of the study is to compare the immediate effects of the two intervention protocols on Functional Movement Screen Deep Squat and Hurdle Step scores. The study hypothesis is that the protocol including plantar fascia myofascial release, plantar fascia stretching, and foot-core exercises will result in greater immediate improvement in Functional Movement Screen subscores compared with foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching alone.
All assessments and interventions will be performed face to face in a clinical setting by trained physiotherapists. Procedures will be conducted according to standardized instructions, and participant safety and comfort will be monitored throughout the study.
- Conditions
- Pes Planus, FMS
- Being tested
- Protocol B: Foot Core Exercises, Plantar Fascia Stretching, and Myofascial Release, Protocol A: Foot core Exercises and Plantar Facia Streching
- Keywords
- Pes Planus, Functional Movement Screen, Plantar Facia, Deep squat, Hurdle Step
- Medical subject headings
- Flatfoot
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Protocol B: Foot Core Exercises, Plantar Fascia Stretching, and Myofascial ReleaseOther
Protocol B consists of all components of Protocol A, including foot core exercises and plantar fascia stretching, with the addition of plantar fascia myofascial release. Myofascial release will be applied manually along the plantar fascia from the calcaneal region toward the metatarsal heads, with pressure adjusted according to participant tolerance. This protocol may be administered in either the first or second session according to the randomized crossover order.
Protocol A: Foot core Exercises and Plantar Facia StrechingOther
Protocol A consists of foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching. Foot core exercises include short foot exercise, towel curl, toe spread, great toe extension, and reverse tandem walking. Plantar fascia stretching will be performed using a plantar fascia-specific stretching technique. This protocol may be administered in either the first or second session according to the randomized crossover order.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Protocol A | Experimental | Participants will receive Protocol A, which includes foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching. In the randomized crossover design, Protocol A may be administered either in the first session or in the second session, depending on the randomized intervention order. FMS Deep Squat and Hurdle Step scores will be assessed before and after the intervention session. Receives: Other: Protocol A: Foot core Exercises and Plantar Facia Streching |
| Protocol B | Experimental | Participants will receive Protocol B, which includes foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching and plantar fascia myofascial release. In the randomized crossover design, Protocol B may be administered either in the first session or in the second session, depending on the randomized intervention order. FMS Deep Squat and Hurdle Step scores will be assessed before and after the intervention session. Receives: Other: Protocol B: Foot Core Exercises, Plantar Fascia Stretching, and Myofascial Release |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Functional Movement Screen Hurdle Step Score
The Hurdle Step subtest of the Functional Movement Screen will be used to assess single-leg balance, hip stability, knee control, and ankle stability. Scores ranges from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating better movement quality. The change from pre-intervention to post-intervention will be compared between protocols.
Measured: Before intervention and 1 hour after intervention in each session
Change in Functional Movement Screen Deep Squat Score
The Deep Squat subtest of the Functional Movement Screen will be used to assess functional movement quality involving the lower extremities, trunk, shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles. Scores range from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating better movement quality. The change from pre-intervention to post-intervention will be compared between protocols.
Measured: Before intervention and 1 hour after intervention in each session
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Jun 2026
- Study start18 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion14 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion14 Aug 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pes PlanusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Participants will receive both intervention protocols in a randomized order. One protocol includes foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching, and the other protocol includes foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching and plantar fascia myofascial release. A 24-hour wash-out period will be used between the two sessions.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Emre Serdar Atalay, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07664332
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2026-095
- Acronym
- FMS-PP
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 29 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Sulowska I, Oleksy L, Mika A, Bylina D, Soltan J. The Influence of Plantar Short Foot Muscle Exercises on Foot Posture and Fundamental Movement Patterns in Long-Distance Runners, a Non-Randomized, Non-Blinded Clinical Trial. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 23;11(6):e0157917. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157917. eCollection 2016.
PubMed 27336689Soni J, Sawant S, Shah S. Efficacy of Core Stability Exercises and Intrinsic Foot Training on Patients With Flat Foot: A Comparative Study. Cureus. 2025 Oct 29;17(10):e95659. doi: 10.7759/cureus.95659. eCollection 2025 Oct.
PubMed 41194844Richman ED, Tyo BM, Nicks CR. Combined Effects of Self-Myofascial Release and Dynamic Stretching on Range of Motion, Jump, Sprint, and Agility Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Jul;33(7):1795-1803. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002676.
PubMed 29912081
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Immediate Effects of Plantar Fascia Release Combined With Foot Exercises on Functional Movement Screen Subscores in Young Adults With Pes Planus: A Randomized Crossover Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07664332
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FMS-PP / 2026-095
- Conditions
- Pes Planus, FMS
- Keywords
- Pes Planus, Functional Movement Screen, Plantar Facia, Deep squat, Hurdle Step
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 18 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 14 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 14 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 24 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized crossover clinical study aims to investigate the immediate effects of plantar fascia release combined with foot exercises on Functional Movement Screen sub-scores in physically active young adults with pes planus.
Participants aged 18-35 years with pes planus, determined by the Navicular Drop Test, will complete two different intervention protocols in a randomized order. Protocol A will include foot-core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching. Protocol B will include the same foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching, with the addition of plantar fascia myofascial release. Each participant will receive both interventions on separate sessions, with a 24-hour washout period between sessions.
Functional movement quality will be assessed using two Functional Movement Screen subtests: Deep Squat and Hurdle Step. These tests will be performed before and after each intervention session to evaluate acute changes in movement performance.
The main hypothesis of the study is that plantar fascia myofascial release combined with foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching will produce greater immediate improvements in Functional Movement Screen Deep Squat and Hurdle Step scores compared with foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching alone.
Detailed description
This study is planned as a randomized crossover interventional clinical study designed to evaluate the acute effects of plantar fascia release combined with foot exercises on functional movement quality in young adults with pes planus.
Pes planus is associated with reduced medial longitudinal arch support and excessive pronation, which may influence lower extremity alignment, load transfer, postural control, and functional movement patterns. Foot-core exercises aim to activate and strengthen the intrinsic muscles of the foot that support the medial longitudinal arch. Plantar fascia stretching and myofascial release may improve the flexibility and mechanical properties of the plantar fascia and may contribute to improved ankle and lower extremity movement capacity. Therefore, combining active foot stabilization exercises with plantar fascia interventions may provide an immediate effect on movement quality.
The study will include physically active young adults aged 18-35 years with pes planus. Pes planus will be determined using the Navicular Drop Test. Physical activity level will be assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. After eligibility screening and written informed consent, participants will complete two different intervention protocols in a randomized order.
The crossover design will allow each participant to receive both intervention protocols and serve as their own control. A 24-hour washout period will be provided between the two intervention sessions to minimize possible carryover effects. In each session, Functional Movement Screen subtests will be assessed before the intervention. The assigned intervention protocol will then be applied, followed by a one-hour waiting period. After this waiting period, the Functional Movement Screen subscores will be repeated to determine the immediate effect of the intervention.
Protocol A will consist of foot-core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching. The foot-core exercise program will include short foot exercise, towel curl, toe spread, great toe extension, and reverse tandem walking. Plantar fascia stretching will be performed using a plantar fascia-specific stretching technique.
Protocol B will consist of the same foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching, with the addition of plantar fascia myofascial release. Myofascial release will be applied manually along the plantar fascia, from the calcaneal region toward the metatarsal heads, with controlled pressure and within the participant's tolerance.
Functional movement quality will be evaluated using the Deep Squat and Hurdle Step subtests of the Functional Movement Screen. These tests were selected because they reflect lower extremity mobility, stability, balance, and movement control, which may be influenced by foot posture and plantar fascia mobility.
The primary aim of the study is to compare the immediate effects of the two intervention protocols on Functional Movement Screen Deep Squat and Hurdle Step scores. The study hypothesis is that the protocol including plantar fascia myofascial release, plantar fascia stretching, and foot-core exercises will result in greater immediate improvement in Functional Movement Screen subscores compared with foot-core exercises and plantar fascia stretching alone.
All assessments and interventions will be performed face to face in a clinical setting by trained physiotherapists. Procedures will be conducted according to standardized instructions, and participant safety and comfort will be monitored throughout the study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants will receive both intervention protocols in a randomized order. One protocol includes foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching, and the other protocol includes foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching and plantar fascia myofascial release. A 24-hour wash-out period will be used between the two sessions.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Protocol A | Experimental | Other: Protocol A: Foot core Exercises and Plantar Facia StrechingParticipants will receive Protocol A, which includes foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching. In the randomized crossover design, Protocol A may be administered either in the first session or in the second session, depending on the randomized intervention order. FMS Deep Squat and Hurdle Step scores will be assessed before and after the intervention session. |
| Protocol B | Experimental | Other: Protocol B: Foot Core Exercises, Plantar Fascia Stretching, and Myofascial ReleaseParticipants will receive Protocol B, which includes foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching and plantar fascia myofascial release. In the randomized crossover design, Protocol B may be administered either in the first session or in the second session, depending on the randomized intervention order. FMS Deep Squat and Hurdle Step scores will be assessed before and after the intervention session. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Being between 18 and 35 years of age
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent
- Having pes planus according to the Navicular Drop Test result
- Having the cognitive ability to understand and perform the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test instructions
- Being classified as sufficiently physically active according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), defined as at least 1,500 MET-min/week of vigorous-intensity activity or at least 3,000 MET-min/week of moderate-intensity activity
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Having a history of ankle sprain, particularly recurrent ankle sprains
- Presence of hallux valgus deformity
- Presence of hammer toe deformity
- Presence of generalized ligamentous laxity
- Having a history of systemic disease, such as rheumatic, neurological, or metabolic disorders
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Protocol B: Foot Core Exercises, Plantar Fascia Stretching, and Myofascial ReleaseProtocol B consists of all components of Protocol A, including foot core exercises and plantar fascia stretching, with the addition of plantar fascia myofascial release. Myofascial release will be applied manually along the plantar fascia from the calcaneal region toward the metatarsal heads, with pressure adjusted according to participant tolerance. This protocol may be administered in either the first or second session according to the randomized crossover order. | Other | Protocol B |
| Protocol A: Foot core Exercises and Plantar Facia StrechingProtocol A consists of foot core exercises combined with plantar fascia stretching. Foot core exercises include short foot exercise, towel curl, toe spread, great toe extension, and reverse tandem walking. Plantar fascia stretching will be performed using a plantar fascia-specific stretching technique. This protocol may be administered in either the first or second session according to the randomized crossover order. | Other | Protocol A |
Primary outcome
Change in Functional Movement Screen Hurdle Step Score
Time frame: Before intervention and 1 hour after intervention in each session
The Hurdle Step subtest of the Functional Movement Screen will be used to assess single-leg balance, hip stability, knee control, and ankle stability. Scores ranges from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating better movement quality. The change from pre-intervention to post-intervention will be compared between protocols.
Change in Functional Movement Screen Deep Squat Score
Time frame: Before intervention and 1 hour after intervention in each session
The Deep Squat subtest of the Functional Movement Screen will be used to assess functional movement quality involving the lower extremities, trunk, shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles. Scores range from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating better movement quality. The change from pre-intervention to post-intervention will be compared between protocols.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jun 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 27336689Sulowska I, Oleksy L, Mika A, Bylina D, Soltan J. The Influence of Plantar Short Foot Muscle Exercises on Foot Posture and Fundamental Movement Patterns in Long-Distance Runners, a Non-Randomized, Non-Blinded Clinical Trial. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 23;11(6):e0157917. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157917. eCollection 2016.
- Results publication: PubMed 41194844Soni J, Sawant S, Shah S. Efficacy of Core Stability Exercises and Intrinsic Foot Training on Patients With Flat Foot: A Comparative Study. Cureus. 2025 Oct 29;17(10):e95659. doi: 10.7759/cureus.95659. eCollection 2025 Oct.
- Results publication: PubMed 29912081Richman ED, Tyo BM, Nicks CR. Combined Effects of Self-Myofascial Release and Dynamic Stretching on Range of Motion, Jump, Sprint, and Agility Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Jul;33(7):1795-1803. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002676.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Protocol B: Foot Core Exercises, Plantar Fascia Stretching, and Myofascial Release and Protocol A: Foot core Exercises and Plantar Facia Streching in people with Pes Planus and FMS, run by Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Emre S Atalay, PhD (+90 544 405 18 24, emreserdar.atalay@sbu.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Functional Movement Screen Hurdle Step Score (time frame: Before intervention and 1 hour after intervention in each session). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07664332, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jun 2026.