Postoperative PainPhase 4NCT07670052
Intraperitoneal Ketamine Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
A Phase 4 study testing Fentanyl and Ketamine in people with Postoperative Pain, run by Assiut University.
Trial summary
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard surgical treatment for gallbladder stones; however, the origin of pain after LC is multifactorial and complex in nature. Pain arising from incision sites is parietal pain, whereas pain from the gall bladder bed is mainly visceral in nature, and shoulder pain is mainly… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Postoperative Pain
- What is being tested?
- Fentanyl and Ketamine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2026to 1 Sep 2027
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 50 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients of age 20-50 years
- Patients of either gender
- Patients planned to undergo elective LC.
- Patients have I-II of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA)
Who cannot join
- Patient's refusal.
- body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2.
- History of hypersensitivity to the drugs being evaluated
- Inability to comprehend postoperatively the pain assessment scale/neuropsychiatric disorders.
- chronic use of opioids and opioid addiction
- Patients with acute cholecystitis or converted to open surgery.
Show all 9Show fewer
- Carcinoma of gall bladder
- Pregnant female
- Bleeding disorders
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Intraperitoneal Instillation of Ketamine Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy _a Double-blinded Randomized Trial.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard surgical treatment for gallbladder stones; however, the origin of pain after LC is multifactorial and complex in nature. Pain arising from incision sites is parietal pain, whereas pain from the gall bladder bed is mainly visceral in nature, and shoulder pain is mainly referred owing to the residual carbon dioxide irritating the diaphragm. Intraperitoneal administration of local anesthetics has been shown to improve postoperative pain control and reduce the need for systemic analgesics. The addition of adjuvant agents such as fentanyl or ketamine may further enhance analgesic efficacy. This randomized double-blind study aims to compare the effectiveness of intraperitoneal ketamine versus fentanyl as adjuvants to bupivacaine in reducing postoperative pain and analgesic requirements following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Read the detailed description
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is widely recognized as the gold standard for the treatment of gallbladder stones due to its significant advantages over the conventional open surgical approach. These benefits include faster postoperative recovery, reduced surgical morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and decreased postoperative pain. Despite these advantages, postoperative pain remains a major concern and is considered one of the primary factors affecting patient comfort and delaying discharge following surgery. Abdominal pain is usually most pronounced during the first 24 hours after the procedure, while shoulder pain commonly develops on the second postoperative day as a consequence of diaphragmatic irritation caused by residual carbon dioxide. Because postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgery is multifactorial in origin, a multimodal analgesic approach is widely recommended . Various strategies have been employed to improve pain control, including the use of local anesthetics administered alone or in combination with intraperitoneal opioid analgesics. Intraperitoneal (I.P.) administration of local anesthetics has become a popular and effective technique for postoperative pain management, as it can reduce the need for systemic analgesics and minimize the adverse effects associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids. This approach was first investigated in gynecological laparoscopic procedures and has since been extensively studied in patients undergoing LC. Several studies have demonstrated that the addition of adjuvants such as fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid, and ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, may enhance and prolong postoperative analgesia. Consequently, intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics with adjuvant agents represents a simple, safe, and effective method for improving postoperative pain control following LC.
- Conditions
- Postoperative Pain
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Postoperative
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
FentanylDrug
Fentanyl used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a dose of 1 ug/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution.
Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol.
KetamineDrug
Ketamine used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a dose of 0.25 mg/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution.
Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Experimental | Fentanyl used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a dose of 1 ug/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution.
Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol. Receives: Drug: Fentanyl |
| ketamine | Experimental | Ketamine used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a dose of 0.25 mg/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution.
Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol. Receives: Drug: Ketamine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Time of first analgesic request.
The primary outcome of the study is comparison of the post-operative analgesic effect regarding the time to first analgesic request of fentanyl versus Ketamine as adjuvants to bupivacaine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Measured: 24 hours
Secondary outcomes (2)
Total analgesia consumption postoperatively.
Total Nalphuine consumption in milligrams, in the first 24 hours postoperatively.
Measured: 24 hours
Postoperative Numeric Rating Scale of pain
Postoperative Numeric Rating Scale of pain.( in post-anaesthesia care unit, half hour, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24 hours postoperatively)
Measured: 24 hours postoperatively.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jun 2026
- Study start1 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Sep 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Postoperative PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Assiut UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Instillation technique Intraperitoneal instillation of study drugs will be done by the operating surgeon through laparoscopic ports guided by surgical camera after the removal of the gall bladder, onto the gall bladder fossa, under the diaphragm, on the liver bed and patient position was changed to 15° 20° Trendelenburg position for 10 min. Intraperitoneal Instillation: The mixture of bupivacaine and fentanyl or Ketamine is instilled into the peritoneal cavity after securing hemostasis over the gall bladder bed. Study drug doses: Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol. Fentanyl group (42 patients): When used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine, a dose of 1 ug/kg is commonly added to the local anaesthetic solution. Ketamine group (42 patients): When used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine, a dose of 0.25 mg/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Assiut University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tarek Mohamed Essa Tohamy, Assiut University
- Investigators
- Tarek Mo Essa Tohamy, Principal investigator, Assiut University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07670052
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 04-2026-201752
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 18 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 26 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Mannam R, Sankara Narayanan R, Bansal A, Yanamaladoddi VR, Sarvepalli SS, Vemula SL, Aramadaka S. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Versus Open Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2023 Sep 21;15(9):e45704. doi: 10.7759/cureus.45704. eCollection 2023 Sep.
PubMed 37868486Kuhry E, Jeekel J, Bonjer HJ. Effect of laparoscopy on the immune system. Semin Laparosc Surg. 2004 Mar;11(1):37-44. doi: 10.1177/107155170401100107.
PubMed 15094977Kahokehr A, Sammour T, Soop M, Hill AG. Intraperitoneal use of local anesthetic in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010 Sep;17(5):637-56. doi: 10.1007/s00534-010-0271-7.
PubMed 20393755Khodorova A, Navarro B, Jouaville LS, Murphy JE, Rice FL, Mazurkiewicz JE, Long-Woodward D, Stoffel M, Strichartz GR, Yukhananov R, Davar G. Endothelin-B receptor activation triggers an endogenous analgesic cascade at sites of peripheral injury. Nat Med. 2003 Aug;9(8):1055-61. doi: 10.1038/nm885. Epub 2003 Jun 29.
PubMed 12847519E. E. F. Mohamed, K. M. Hassan, W. A. Aboelwafa, and I. M. Ahmed, "Analgesia for Postoperative Pain in Laparoscopic Surgery: Review Article," Egypt. J. Hosp. Med., vol. 87, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.21608/ejhm.2022.229353.
Laisalmi M, Koivusalo AM, Valta P, Tikkanen I, Lindgren L. Clonidine provides opioid-sparing effect, stable hemodynamics, and renal integrity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2001 Nov;15(11):1331-5. doi: 10.1007/s004640090126. Epub 2001 Aug 16.
PubMed 11727145Narchi P, Benhamou D, Fernandez H. Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic for shoulder pain after day-case laparoscopy. Lancet. 1991 Dec 21-28;338(8782-8783):1569-70. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92384-e.
PubMed 1683981Boddy AP, Mehta S, Rhodes M. The effect of intraperitoneal local anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2006 Sep;103(3):682-8. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000226268.06279.5a.
PubMed 16931681Hong E, Jeong DH, Kang HY, Choi JH, Park SW. The effect of preemptive intravenous ketamine on postoperative pain in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with intra-articular ropivacaine injection Anesth Pain Med. 2003;11:71-75
Glick JL, Christensen T, Park JN, McKenzie M, Green TC, Sherman SG. Stakeholder perspectives on implementing fentanyl drug checking: Results from a multi-site study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Jan 1;194:527-532. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.017. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
PubMed 30551090
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Intraperitoneal Instillation of Ketamine Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy _a Double-blinded Randomized Trial.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07670052
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 04-2026-201752
- Conditions
- Postoperative Pain
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Assiut UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Sep 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 26 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard surgical treatment for gallbladder stones; however, the origin of pain after LC is multifactorial and complex in nature. Pain arising from incision sites is parietal pain, whereas pain from the gall bladder bed is mainly visceral in nature, and shoulder pain is mainly referred owing to the residual carbon dioxide irritating the diaphragm. Intraperitoneal administration of local anesthetics has been shown to improve postoperative pain control and reduce the need for systemic analgesics. The addition of adjuvant agents such as fentanyl or ketamine may further enhance analgesic efficacy. This randomized double-blind study aims to compare the effectiveness of intraperitoneal ketamine versus fentanyl as adjuvants to bupivacaine in reducing postoperative pain and analgesic requirements following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Detailed description
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is widely recognized as the gold standard for the treatment of gallbladder stones due to its significant advantages over the conventional open surgical approach. These benefits include faster postoperative recovery, reduced surgical morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and decreased postoperative pain. Despite these advantages, postoperative pain remains a major concern and is considered one of the primary factors affecting patient comfort and delaying discharge following surgery. Abdominal pain is usually most pronounced during the first 24 hours after the procedure, while shoulder pain commonly develops on the second postoperative day as a consequence of diaphragmatic irritation caused by residual carbon dioxide. Because postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgery is multifactorial in origin, a multimodal analgesic approach is widely recommended . Various strategies have been employed to improve pain control, including the use of local anesthetics administered alone or in combination with intraperitoneal opioid analgesics. Intraperitoneal (I.P.) administration of local anesthetics has become a popular and effective technique for postoperative pain management, as it can reduce the need for systemic analgesics and minimize the adverse effects associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids. This approach was first investigated in gynecological laparoscopic procedures and has since been extensively studied in patients undergoing LC. Several studies have demonstrated that the addition of adjuvants such as fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid, and ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, may enhance and prolong postoperative analgesia. Consequently, intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics with adjuvant agents represents a simple, safe, and effective method for improving postoperative pain control following LC.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Instillation technique Intraperitoneal instillation of study drugs will be done by the operating surgeon through laparoscopic ports guided by surgical camera after the removal of the gall bladder, onto the gall bladder fossa, under the diaphragm, on the liver bed and patient position was changed to 15° 20° Trendelenburg position for 10 min. Intraperitoneal Instillation: The mixture of bupivacaine and fentanyl or Ketamine is instilled into the peritoneal cavity after securing hemostasis over the gall bladder bed. Study drug doses: Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol. Fentanyl group (42 patients): When used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine, a dose of 1 ug/kg is commonly added to the local anaesthetic solution. Ketamine group (42 patients): When used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine, a dose of 0.25 mg/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Experimental | Drug: FentanylFentanyl used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a dose of 1 ug/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution. Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol. |
| ketamine | Experimental | Drug: KetamineKetamine used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a dose of 0.25 mg/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution. Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients of age 20-50 years
- Patients of either gender
- Patients planned to undergo elective LC.
- Patients have I-II of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA)
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Patient's refusal.
- body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2.
- History of hypersensitivity to the drugs being evaluated
- Inability to comprehend postoperatively the pain assessment scale/neuropsychiatric disorders.
- chronic use of opioids and opioid addiction
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| FentanylFentanyl used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a dose of 1 ug/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution. Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol. | Drug | Fentanyl |
| KetamineKetamine used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a dose of 0.25 mg/kg is commonly added to the local anesthetic solution. Bupivacaine: Typically, 0.25% to 0.5% concentration is used for intraperitoneal instillation. A common volume is 20 mL, depending on the clinical protocol. | Drug | ketamine |
Primary outcome
Time of first analgesic request.
Time frame: 24 hours
The primary outcome of the study is comparison of the post-operative analgesic effect regarding the time to first analgesic request of fentanyl versus Ketamine as adjuvants to bupivacaine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
2 secondary outcomes
Total analgesia consumption postoperatively.
Time frame: 24 hours
Postoperative Numeric Rating Scale of pain
Time frame: 24 hours postoperatively.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Jun 2026.
- Background: PubMed 37868486Mannam R, Sankara Narayanan R, Bansal A, Yanamaladoddi VR, Sarvepalli SS, Vemula SL, Aramadaka S. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Versus Open Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2023 Sep 21;15(9):e45704. doi: 10.7759/cureus.45704. eCollection 2023 Sep.
- Background: PubMed 15094977Kuhry E, Jeekel J, Bonjer HJ. Effect of laparoscopy on the immune system. Semin Laparosc Surg. 2004 Mar;11(1):37-44. doi: 10.1177/107155170401100107.
- Background: PubMed 20393755Kahokehr A, Sammour T, Soop M, Hill AG. Intraperitoneal use of local anesthetic in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010 Sep;17(5):637-56. doi: 10.1007/s00534-010-0271-7.
- Background: PubMed 12847519Khodorova A, Navarro B, Jouaville LS, Murphy JE, Rice FL, Mazurkiewicz JE, Long-Woodward D, Stoffel M, Strichartz GR, Yukhananov R, Davar G. Endothelin-B receptor activation triggers an endogenous analgesic cascade at sites of peripheral injury. Nat Med. 2003 Aug;9(8):1055-61. doi: 10.1038/nm885. Epub 2003 Jun 29.
- BackgroundE. E. F. Mohamed, K. M. Hassan, W. A. Aboelwafa, and I. M. Ahmed, "Analgesia for Postoperative Pain in Laparoscopic Surgery: Review Article," Egypt. J. Hosp. Med., vol. 87, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.21608/ejhm.2022.229353.
- Background: PubMed 11727145Laisalmi M, Koivusalo AM, Valta P, Tikkanen I, Lindgren L. Clonidine provides opioid-sparing effect, stable hemodynamics, and renal integrity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2001 Nov;15(11):1331-5. doi: 10.1007/s004640090126. Epub 2001 Aug 16.
- Background: PubMed 1683981Narchi P, Benhamou D, Fernandez H. Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic for shoulder pain after day-case laparoscopy. Lancet. 1991 Dec 21-28;338(8782-8783):1569-70. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92384-e.
- Background: PubMed 16931681Boddy AP, Mehta S, Rhodes M. The effect of intraperitoneal local anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2006 Sep;103(3):682-8. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000226268.06279.5a.
- BackgroundHong E, Jeong DH, Kang HY, Choi JH, Park SW. The effect of preemptive intravenous ketamine on postoperative pain in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with intra-articular ropivacaine injection Anesth Pain Med. 2003;11:71-75
- Background: PubMed 30551090Glick JL, Christensen T, Park JN, McKenzie M, Green TC, Sherman SG. Stakeholder perspectives on implementing fentanyl drug checking: Results from a multi-site study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Jan 1;194:527-532. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.017. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Tarek Mo Essa Tohamy principal investigator
Assiut University
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Fentanyl and Ketamine in people with Postoperative Pain, run by Assiut University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Tarek Mo Essa Tohamy (+201027342291, tarekessa970@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Time of first analgesic request. (time frame: 24 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07670052, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Jun 2026.