Composite RestorationNCT07676929
Clinical Evaluation of 3D-Printed Versus Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations
A study testing 3D-Printed Composite Resin Restorations and Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations in people with Composite Restoration and 3D Printing, run by Tanta University at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the clinical performance of 3D-printed composite resin restorations compared with semi-direct composite resin restorations in posterior teeth requiring Class II inlay or onlay restorations. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 25 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Composite Restoration, 3D Printing, Posterior Teeth
- What is being tested?
- 3D-Printed Composite Resin Restorations and Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 5 Jan 2026to 3 Mar 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 25 to 40 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients aged 25-40 years.
- Patients requiring two Class II inlay or onlay restorations.
- Teeth with carious lesions or defective restorations requiring indirect restorative treatment.
- Teeth with sufficient structure to receive an inlay/onlay restoration.
Who cannot join
- Patients with systemic diseases or medical conditions that may affect oral health or healing.
- Pregnant or lactating patients.
- Patients with poor oral hygiene or uncontrolled periodontal disease.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Egypt1 site
Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University
Tanta, Tanta, 31527
About this study
This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the clinical performance of 3D-printed composite resin restorations compared with semi-direct composite resin restorations in posterior teeth requiring Class II inlay or onlay restorations.
Read the detailed description
Dental restorations are commonly used to restore teeth affected by caries or structural defects. Advances in digital dentistry have introduced three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies that enable the fabrication of indirect composite resin restorations with improved precision, efficiency, and reproducibility. Semi-direct composite resin restorations represent another conservative restorative approach that combines the advantages of direct and indirect techniques while reducing polymerization shrinkage and improving anatomical form.
Although both techniques are increasingly used in clinical practice, evidence regarding their long-term clinical performance remains limited. Therefore, this randomized controlled clinical trial aims to compare the clinical performance of 3D-printed composite resin restorations and semi-direct composite resin restorations in posterior teeth requiring Class II inlay or onlay restorations.
Sixty patients aged 25 to 40 years who require two Class II inlay or onlay restorations will be enrolled by invitation from patients attending the Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups according to the restorative material and fabrication technique used. Group I will receive 3D-printed composite resin restorations, while Group II will receive semi-direct composite resin restorations.
All cavity preparations and restorative procedures will be performed according to standardized clinical protocols and manufacturers' instructions. Clinical evaluations will be conducted at baseline, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after restoration placement using the modified FDI World Dental Federation criteria.
The primary objective is to evaluate the overall clinical performance and survival of the restorations over a 12-month follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include assessment of retention, marginal integrity, surface roughness, anatomical form, postoperative sensitivity, and the occurrence of secondary caries.
The findings of this study will contribute to the evidence regarding the effectiveness and clinical reliability of 3D-printed composite resin restorations compared with semi-direct composite resin restorations and may support clinical decision-making in restorative dentistry.
- Being tested
- 3D-Printed Composite Resin Restorations, Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations
- Keywords
- 3D-Printed Composite Resin, Semi-Direct Composite Resin, Digital Dentistry, FDI Criteria, Clinical Evaluation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
3D-Printed Composite Resin RestorationsOther
Fabrication and placement of Class II inlay or onlay restorations using 3D-printed composite resin material.
Semi-Direct Composite Resin RestorationsOther
Fabrication and placement of Class II inlay or onlay restorations using the semi-direct composite resin technique
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 3D-Printed Composite Resin Restorations | Experimental | Participants will receive Class II inlay or onlay restorations fabricated using 3D-printed composite resin. Restorations will be placed following standardized cavity preparation and manufacturer instructions. Clinical performance will be evaluated at baseline, 6, 9, and 12 months using modified FDI criteria Receives: Other: 3D-Printed Composite Resin Restorations |
| Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations | Experimental | Participants will receive Class II inlay or onlay restorations fabricated using the semi-direct composite resin technique. Restorations will be placed following standardized cavity preparation and manufacturer instructions. Clinical performance will be evaluated at baseline, 6, 9, and 12 months using modified FDI criteria Receives: Other: Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Fracture of restorations
Clinical evaluation of restoration fracture or bulk failure after placement of 3D-printed composite resin and semi-direct composite resin restorations. at baseline, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after restoration placement. using a modified FDI criteria score. All restorations will be evaluated and categorized based on their clinical performance according to the assigned criteria: score 1 indicates a clinically excellent restoration, scores 2 and 3 represent clinically acceptable restorations, while scores 4 and 5 are considered clinically unacceptable. Clinical success will be defined as restorations receiving scores of 1, 2, or 3, whereas scores of 4 or 5 will be considered clinical failures.
Measured: 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jun 2026
- Study start5 Jan 2026
- Primary completion28 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion3 Mar 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Composite RestorationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Tanta UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tanta University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Mohammed Abd El Ghany Mohammed, Tanta University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07676929
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 3D-Printed Composite
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 24 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 2 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Nguyen-Thi TL, Tran TM, Tran-Thi HP, Nguyen-Ho PM, Do TT, Dang MH. Effect of preparation design on the fracture behavior of 3D-printed restorations in an in-vitro tooth wear model. BMC Oral Health. 2026 Mar 12;26(1):704. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-08031-0.
PubMed 41820942Tribst JPM, Veerman A, Pereira GKR, Kleverlaan CJ, Dal Piva AMO. Comparative Strength Study of Indirect Permanent Restorations: 3D-Printed, Milled, and Conventional Dental Composites. Clin Pract. 2024 Sep 20;14(5):1940-1952. doi: 10.3390/clinpract14050154.
PubMed 39311304Kaffaf MB, Sesen P, Tokac SO. Comparison of the intaglio surface accuracy of occlusal veneers fabricated using two different techniques to restore severe occlusal tooth wear: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2026 Jun;135(6):e97-e105. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.12.027. Epub 2026 Jan 6.
PubMed 41500877Peskersoy C, Acar G. In Vitro Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Posterior Adhesive Restorations Fabricated Using Three Different Techniques. Polymers (Basel). 2025 May 14;17(10):1340. doi: 10.3390/polym17101340.
PubMed 40430636
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Clinical Evaluation of 3D-Printed Versus Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07676929
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 3D-Printed Composite
- Keywords
- 3D-Printed Composite Resin, Semi-Direct Composite Resin, Digital Dentistry, FDI Criteria, Clinical Evaluation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Tanta UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 3 Mar 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the clinical performance of 3D-printed composite resin restorations compared with semi-direct composite resin restorations in posterior teeth requiring Class II inlay or onlay restorations.
Detailed description
Dental restorations are commonly used to restore teeth affected by caries or structural defects. Advances in digital dentistry have introduced three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies that enable the fabrication of indirect composite resin restorations with improved precision, efficiency, and reproducibility. Semi-direct composite resin restorations represent another conservative restorative approach that combines the advantages of direct and indirect techniques while reducing polymerization shrinkage and improving anatomical form.
Although both techniques are increasingly used in clinical practice, evidence regarding their long-term clinical performance remains limited. Therefore, this randomized controlled clinical trial aims to compare the clinical performance of 3D-printed composite resin restorations and semi-direct composite resin restorations in posterior teeth requiring Class II inlay or onlay restorations.
Sixty patients aged 25 to 40 years who require two Class II inlay or onlay restorations will be enrolled by invitation from patients attending the Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups according to the restorative material and fabrication technique used. Group I will receive 3D-printed composite resin restorations, while Group II will receive semi-direct composite resin restorations.
All cavity preparations and restorative procedures will be performed according to standardized clinical protocols and manufacturers' instructions. Clinical evaluations will be conducted at baseline, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after restoration placement using the modified FDI World Dental Federation criteria.
The primary objective is to evaluate the overall clinical performance and survival of the restorations over a 12-month follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include assessment of retention, marginal integrity, surface roughness, anatomical form, postoperative sensitivity, and the occurrence of secondary caries.
The findings of this study will contribute to the evidence regarding the effectiveness and clinical reliability of 3D-printed composite resin restorations compared with semi-direct composite resin restorations and may support clinical decision-making in restorative dentistry.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 3D-Printed Composite Resin Restorations | Experimental | Other: 3D-Printed Composite Resin RestorationsParticipants will receive Class II inlay or onlay restorations fabricated using 3D-printed composite resin. Restorations will be placed following standardized cavity preparation and manufacturer instructions. Clinical performance will be evaluated at baseline, 6, 9, and 12 months using modified FDI criteria |
| Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations | Experimental | Other: Semi-Direct Composite Resin RestorationsParticipants will receive Class II inlay or onlay restorations fabricated using the semi-direct composite resin technique. Restorations will be placed following standardized cavity preparation and manufacturer instructions. Clinical performance will be evaluated at baseline, 6, 9, and 12 months using modified FDI criteria |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 25 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients aged 25-40 years.
- Patients requiring two Class II inlay or onlay restorations.
- Teeth with carious lesions or defective restorations requiring indirect restorative treatment.
- Teeth with sufficient structure to receive an inlay/onlay restoration.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Patients with systemic diseases or medical conditions that may affect oral health or healing.
- Pregnant or lactating patients.
- Patients with poor oral hygiene or uncontrolled periodontal disease.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| 3D-Printed Composite Resin RestorationsFabrication and placement of Class II inlay or onlay restorations using 3D-printed composite resin material. | Other | 3D-Printed Composite Resin Restorations |
| Semi-Direct Composite Resin RestorationsFabrication and placement of Class II inlay or onlay restorations using the semi-direct composite resin technique | Other | Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations |
Primary outcome
Fracture of restorations
Time frame: 12 months
Clinical evaluation of restoration fracture or bulk failure after placement of 3D-printed composite resin and semi-direct composite resin restorations. at baseline, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after restoration placement. using a modified FDI criteria score. All restorations will be evaluated and categorized based on their clinical performance according to the assigned criteria: score 1 indicates a clinically excellent restoration, scores 2 and 3 represent clinically acceptable restorations, while scores 4 and 5 are considered clinically unacceptable. Clinical success will be defined as restorations receiving scores of 1, 2, or 3, whereas scores of 4 or 5 will be considered clinical failures.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jul 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 41820942Nguyen-Thi TL, Tran TM, Tran-Thi HP, Nguyen-Ho PM, Do TT, Dang MH. Effect of preparation design on the fracture behavior of 3D-printed restorations in an in-vitro tooth wear model. BMC Oral Health. 2026 Mar 12;26(1):704. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-08031-0.
- Results publication: PubMed 39311304Tribst JPM, Veerman A, Pereira GKR, Kleverlaan CJ, Dal Piva AMO. Comparative Strength Study of Indirect Permanent Restorations: 3D-Printed, Milled, and Conventional Dental Composites. Clin Pract. 2024 Sep 20;14(5):1940-1952. doi: 10.3390/clinpract14050154.
- Results publication: PubMed 41500877Kaffaf MB, Sesen P, Tokac SO. Comparison of the intaglio surface accuracy of occlusal veneers fabricated using two different techniques to restore severe occlusal tooth wear: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2026 Jun;135(6):e97-e105. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.12.027. Epub 2026 Jan 6.
- Results publication: PubMed 40430636Peskersoy C, Acar G. In Vitro Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Posterior Adhesive Restorations Fabricated Using Three Different Techniques. Polymers (Basel). 2025 May 14;17(10):1340. doi: 10.3390/polym17101340.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing 3D-Printed Composite Resin Restorations and Semi-Direct Composite Resin Restorations in people with Composite Restoration and 3D Printing, run by Tanta University at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Fracture of restorations (time frame: 12 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07676929, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jul 2026.