Family Witnessed ResuscitationNCT07692568
VIDEO LEARNING FOR EMPATHY, ETHICS AND FAMILY WITNESSED RESUSCITATION
A study testing 360 Degree Virtual Reality Video and 2D Standard Video in people with Family Witnessed Resuscitation and Empathy Education, run by Kocaeli Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This clinical trial (randomized controlled experimental study) aims to learn about the effects of presenting the family-witnessed CPR process from a patient's perspective through 360° virtual reality and 2D video within second-year nursing students. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Family Witnessed Resuscitation, Empathy Education, Ethics Nursing
- What is being tested?
- 360 Degree Virtual Reality Video and 2D Standard Video
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 105 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 4 Jul 2026to 1 Apr 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being a second-year undergraduate nursing student
- Volunteering to participate in the study and signing the informed consent form
- Not having participated in a similar virtual reality or family-witnessed CPR study before
Who cannot join
- Having a diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorder that prevents using virtual reality glasses (such as epilepsy, severe vertigo, or motion sickness)
- Having uncorrected visual or hearing impairments
- Not completing all stages of the study (pre-test, intervention, or post-test)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Sakarya University
Sakarya
Ozlem Dogu, Assoc Prof, +90 (264) 295 54 54, ozlemdogu@sakarya.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: THE EFFECT OF A VIDEO BASED DIGITAL LEARNING INTERVENTION ON NURSING STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF EMPATHY, ETHICAL SENSITIVITY, AND FAMILY WITNESSED RESUSCITATION IN THEIR PATIENT PERSPECTIVE EXPERIENCES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
This clinical trial (randomized controlled experimental study) aims to learn about the effects of presenting the family-witnessed CPR process from a patient's perspective through 360° virtual reality and 2D video within second-year nursing students. The primary question(s) / hypotheses it aims to answer are:
- H1: Will the content validity ratio of the developed scenario be above 0.80?
- H2: Is the increase in empathy scores (pre-test/post-test difference) of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher compared to the 2D video and control groups?
- H3: Is the increase in ethical sensitivity scores of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher compared to the 2D video and control groups?
- H4: Is the change in perception scores toward family-witnessed CPR more positive in the 360° VR group compared to the other groups, and is their mean SUS (System Usability Scale) score at or above the acceptability threshold of 70?
- H5: Is the VES (Video Engagement Skale) score of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher than that of the 2D video group? Researchers will compare the 360° immersive video (360° VR) group, the 2-dimensional (2D) video group, and the control group to see if there are effects on empathy, ethical sensitivity, perception of risks-benefits of family presence, self-confidence regarding family presence, video engagement, and system usability.
Read more
Participants will be asked to:
- Watch the scenario reenactment involving a family-witnessed CPR process, recorded via a 360° camera (in either 360° VR or 2D format, depending on their assigned group).
- Complete data collection tools consisting of the Introductory Information Form, "Jefferson Scale of Empathy", "Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire", "Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale and Family Presence Self-Confidence Scale", "System Usability Scale (SUS-TR)", and "Video Engagement Skale(VES)".
- Being tested
- 360 Degree Virtual Reality Video, 2D Standard Video
- Keywords
- Virtual reality, 360-degree video, 2D video, Patient perspective, Nursing students, Empathy, Ethical sensitivity, Family-witnessed resuscitation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
360 Degree Virtual Reality VideoBehavioural
Immersive 360-degree virtual reality video scenario of family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation presented from a patient perspective.
2D Standard VideoBehavioural
Standard 2-dimensional video scenario of family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation presented from a patient perspective.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 360 VR Video Group | Experimental | Nursing students who watch the family-witnessed CPR scenario from a patient perspective using 360-degree virtual reality. Receives: Behavioral: 360 Degree Virtual Reality Video |
| 2D Video Group | Experimental | Nursing students who watch the family-witnessed CPR scenario from a patient perspective as a standard 2-dimensional video. Receives: Behavioral: 2D Standard Video |
| Control Group | No intervention | Nursing students who receive traditional nursing education without watching any video or VR scenario. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Jefferson Scale of Empathy Scores
This scale evaluates the nursing students empathy levels. Higher scores indicate higher empathy levels.
Measured: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
Change in Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire Scores
This questionnaire evaluates the ethical sensitivity levels of nursing students. Higher scores indicate higher ethical sensitivity.
Measured: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
Change in Family Presence Risk Benefit Scale and Family Presence Self Confidence Scale Scores
These scales evaluate students perceptions of the risks/benefits and their self-confidence regarding family presence during CPR.
Measured: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
System Usability Scale Scores
The System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluates the perceived usability of the 360 VR and 2D video systems. Higher scores indicate better usability.
Measured: Right after the intervention (Post-test)
Video Engagement Scale Scores
The Video Engagement Scale (VES) evaluates the video engagement and immersion levels of the students. Higher scores indicate higher engagement.
Measured: Right after the intervention (Post-test)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Jul 2026
- Study start4 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Apr 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Family Witnessed ResuscitationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- randomized controlled experimental study
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 105 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kocaeli Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Sakarya University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, FatmaOzder, Kocaeli Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07692568
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- E-61923333-050.99-597961
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 17 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- THE EFFECT OF A VIDEO BASED DIGITAL LEARNING INTERVENTION ON NURSING STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF EMPATHY, ETHICAL SENSITIVITY, AND FAMILY WITNESSED RESUSCITATION IN THEIR PATIENT PERSPECTIVE EXPERIENCES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07692568
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- E-61923333-050.99-597961
- Keywords
- Virtual reality, 360-degree video, 2D video, Patient perspective, Nursing students, Empathy, Ethical sensitivity, Family-witnessed resuscitation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 105 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Kocaeli Sağlık ve Teknoloji ÜniversitesiUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Sakarya University
- Study start
- 4 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Apr 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 9 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This clinical trial (randomized controlled experimental study) aims to learn about the effects of presenting the family-witnessed CPR process from a patient's perspective through 360° virtual reality and 2D video within second-year nursing students. The primary question(s) / hypotheses it aims to answer are:
- H1: Will the content validity ratio of the developed scenario be above 0.80?
- H2: Is the increase in empathy scores (pre-test/post-test difference) of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher compared to the 2D video and control groups?
- H3: Is the increase in ethical sensitivity scores of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher compared to the 2D video and control groups?
- H4: Is the change in perception scores toward family-witnessed CPR more positive in the 360° VR group compared to the other groups, and is their mean SUS (System Usability Scale) score at or above the acceptability threshold of 70?
- H5: Is the VES (Video Engagement Skale) score of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher than that of the 2D video group? Researchers will compare the 360° immersive video (360° VR) group, the 2-dimensional (2D) video group, and the control group to see if there are effects on empathy, ethical sensitivity, perception of risks-benefits of family presence, self-confidence regarding family presence, video engagement, and system usability.
Participants will be asked to:
- Watch the scenario reenactment involving a family-witnessed CPR process, recorded via a 360° camera (in either 360° VR or 2D format, depending on their assigned group).
- Complete data collection tools consisting of the Introductory Information Form, "Jefferson Scale of Empathy", "Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire", "Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale and Family Presence Self-Confidence Scale", "System Usability Scale (SUS-TR)", and "Video Engagement Skale(VES)".
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- randomized controlled experimental study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 360 VR Video Group | Experimental | Behavioral: 360 Degree Virtual Reality VideoNursing students who watch the family-witnessed CPR scenario from a patient perspective using 360-degree virtual reality. |
| 2D Video Group | Experimental | Behavioral: 2D Standard VideoNursing students who watch the family-witnessed CPR scenario from a patient perspective as a standard 2-dimensional video. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Nursing students who receive traditional nursing education without watching any video or VR scenario. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Being a second-year undergraduate nursing student
- Volunteering to participate in the study and signing the informed consent form
- Not having participated in a similar virtual reality or family-witnessed CPR study before
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having a diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorder that prevents using virtual reality glasses (such as epilepsy, severe vertigo, or motion sickness)
- Having uncorrected visual or hearing impairments
- Not completing all stages of the study (pre-test, intervention, or post-test)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| 360 Degree Virtual Reality VideoImmersive 360-degree virtual reality video scenario of family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation presented from a patient perspective. | Behavioural | 360 VR Video Group |
| 2D Standard VideoStandard 2-dimensional video scenario of family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation presented from a patient perspective. | Behavioural | 2D Video Group |
Primary outcome
Change in Jefferson Scale of Empathy Scores
Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
This scale evaluates the nursing students empathy levels. Higher scores indicate higher empathy levels.
Change in Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire Scores
Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
This questionnaire evaluates the ethical sensitivity levels of nursing students. Higher scores indicate higher ethical sensitivity.
Change in Family Presence Risk Benefit Scale and Family Presence Self Confidence Scale Scores
Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
These scales evaluate students perceptions of the risks/benefits and their self-confidence regarding family presence during CPR.
System Usability Scale Scores
Time frame: Right after the intervention (Post-test)
The System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluates the perceived usability of the 360 VR and 2D video systems. Higher scores indicate better usability.
Video Engagement Scale Scores
Time frame: Right after the intervention (Post-test)
The Video Engagement Scale (VES) evaluates the video engagement and immersion levels of the students. Higher scores indicate higher engagement.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing 360 Degree Virtual Reality Video and 2D Standard Video in people with Family Witnessed Resuscitation and Empathy Education, run by Kocaeli Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Fatma Ozder, MSc (+90 850 450 2828, fatma.ozder@ogr.sakarya.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Jefferson Scale of Empathy Scores (time frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Jul 2026.