ResuscitationNCT07698340
Comparison of Different Chest Compression Techniques in Infant Resuscitation
A study testing Two-Finger (2F) Technique, Three-Finger (3F) Technique and Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) Technique in people with Resuscitation and Cardiac Arrest (CA), run by Ankara City Hospital Bilkent at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
In this prospective, single-center, randomized, self-controlled crossover manikin simulation study, participitants performed 2 minutes of single-rescuer CPR (30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio) with each of the four techniques (the two-finger (2F), three-finger (3F), heel-of-one-hand (HOH), and two-thumb (2T)… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Resuscitation, Cardiac Arrest (CA)
- What is being tested?
- Two-Finger (2F) Technique, Three-Finger (3F) Technique and Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) Technique
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 116 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2024to 1 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Resident physicians working in the Emergency Medicine Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital.
- Voluntary agreement to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Presence of a musculoskeletal disorder or disability that could interfere with CPR performance.
- Unwillingness to participate.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Chest Compression Techniques in Infant Resuscitation on a Manikin: A Prospective Randomized Simulation Study
In this prospective, single-center, randomized, self-controlled crossover manikin simulation study, participitants performed 2 minutes of single-rescuer CPR (30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio) with each of the four techniques (the two-finger (2F), three-finger (3F), heel-of-one-hand (HOH), and two-thumb (2T) techniques) in a randomized order, with at least 10 minutes of rest between techniques. Chest compression depth, rate, release velocity, and the proportion of compressions within the target range were recorded using a feedback device. Provider fatigue and perceived difficulty (modified Borg scale) were assessed as secondary outcomes
- Conditions
- Resuscitation, Cardiac Arrest (CA)
- Being tested
- Two-Finger (2F) Technique, Three-Finger (3F) Technique, Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) Technique, Two-Thumb (2T) Technique
- Keywords
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, manikin, pediatric, advanced cardiac life support methods
- Medical subject headings
- Heart Arrest
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Two-Finger (2F) TechniqueProcedure or surgery
Participants perform single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the two-finger chest compression technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio
Three-Finger (3F) TechniqueProcedure or surgery
Participants perform single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the three-finger chest compression technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio.
Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) TechniqueProcedure or surgery
Participants perform single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the heel-of-one-hand chest compression technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio.
Two-Thumb (2T) TechniqueProcedure or surgery
Participants perform single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the two-thumb chest compression technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Two-Finger (2F) Technique | Experimental | Participants performed single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the two-finger technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. Receives: Procedure: Two-Finger (2F) Technique |
| Three-Finger (3F) Technique | Experimental | Participants performed single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the three-finger technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. Receives: Procedure: Three-Finger (3F) Technique |
| Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) Technique | Experimental | Participants performed single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the heel-of-one-hand technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. Receives: Procedure: Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) Technique |
| Two-Thumb (2T) Technique | Experimental | Participants performed single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the two-thumb technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. Receives: Procedure: Two-Thumb (2T) Technique |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Mean Chest Compression Depth
Measured in centimeters (cm) using a CPR feedback device.
Measured: 2 minutes of CPR application
Mean Chest Compression Rate
Measured as compressions per minute
Measured: 2 minutes of CPR application
Chest Compression Release Velocity
Measured in millimeters per second (mm/s)
Measured: 2 minutes of CPR application
Compressions Within Target Range
Percentage of compressions performed within the target range.
Measured: 2 minutes of CPR application
Secondary outcomes (2)
Provider Fatigue
Defined and recorded as a 10% reduction in compression depth sustained over three consecutive compressions.
Measured: During the 2-minute CPR application
Perceived Difficulty
Subjective level of difficulty assessed using the modified Borg scale, graded from 0 (no difficulty) to 10 (most severe difficulty).
Measured: Assessed immediately after each 2-minute application.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Jul 2026
- Study start1 Jan 2024
- Primary completion1 Jan 2025
- Study completion1 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ResuscitationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ankara City Hospital BilkentThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 116 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara City Hospital Bilkent
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gul Pamukcu Gunaydin, Ankara City Hospital Bilkent
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07698340
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ASH2
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 13 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data regarding CPR quality parameters (compression depth, rate, release velocity, etc.) underlying the results reported in this article will be shared.
Publications
Joyner BL Jr, Dewan M, Bavare A, de Caen A, DiMaria K, Donofrio-Odmann J, Fosse G, Haskell S, Mahgoub M, Meckler G, Requist J, Schexnayder SM, Olech Smith M, Werho D, Raymond TT. Part 6: Pediatric Basic Life Support: 2025 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2025 Oct 21;152(16_suppl_2):S424-S447. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001370. Epub 2025 Oct 22.
PubMed 41122891Kleinman ME, de Caen AR, Chameides L, Atkins DL, Berg RA, Berg MD, Bhanji F, Biarent D, Bingham R, Coovadia AH, Hazinski MF, Hickey RW, Nadkarni VM, Reis AG, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Tibballs J, Zaritsky AL, Zideman D; Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support Chapter Collaborators. Part 10: Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2010 Oct 19;122(16 Suppl 2):S466-515. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971093.
PubMed 20956258
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Chest Compression Techniques in Infant Resuscitation on a Manikin: A Prospective Randomized Simulation Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07698340
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ASH2
- Conditions
- Resuscitation, Cardiac Arrest (CA)
- Keywords
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, manikin, pediatric, advanced cardiac life support methods
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 116 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara City Hospital BilkentUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this prospective, single-center, randomized, self-controlled crossover manikin simulation study, participitants performed 2 minutes of single-rescuer CPR (30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio) with each of the four techniques (the two-finger (2F), three-finger (3F), heel-of-one-hand (HOH), and two-thumb (2T) techniques) in a randomized order, with at least 10 minutes of rest between techniques. Chest compression depth, rate, release velocity, and the proportion of compressions within the target range were recorded using a feedback device. Provider fatigue and perceived difficulty (modified Borg scale) were assessed as secondary outcomes
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Two-Finger (2F) Technique | Experimental | Procedure: Two-Finger (2F) TechniqueParticipants performed single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the two-finger technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. |
| Three-Finger (3F) Technique | Experimental | Procedure: Three-Finger (3F) TechniqueParticipants performed single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the three-finger technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. |
| Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) Technique | Experimental | Procedure: Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) TechniqueParticipants performed single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the heel-of-one-hand technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. |
| Two-Thumb (2T) Technique | Experimental | Procedure: Two-Thumb (2T) TechniqueParticipants performed single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the two-thumb technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Resident physicians working in the Emergency Medicine Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital.
- Voluntary agreement to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Presence of a musculoskeletal disorder or disability that could interfere with CPR performance.
- Unwillingness to participate.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Two-Finger (2F) TechniqueParticipants perform single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the two-finger chest compression technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio | Procedure or surgery | Two-Finger (2F) Technique |
| Three-Finger (3F) TechniqueParticipants perform single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the three-finger chest compression technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. | Procedure or surgery | Three-Finger (3F) Technique |
| Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) TechniqueParticipants perform single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the heel-of-one-hand chest compression technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. | Procedure or surgery | Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) Technique |
| Two-Thumb (2T) TechniqueParticipants perform single-rescuer basic life support CPR on an infant manikin for 2 minutes using the two-thumb chest compression technique with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. | Procedure or surgery | Two-Thumb (2T) Technique |
Primary outcome
Mean Chest Compression Depth
Time frame: 2 minutes of CPR application
Measured in centimeters (cm) using a CPR feedback device.
Mean Chest Compression Rate
Time frame: 2 minutes of CPR application
Measured as compressions per minute
Chest Compression Release Velocity
Time frame: 2 minutes of CPR application
Measured in millimeters per second (mm/s)
Compressions Within Target Range
Time frame: 2 minutes of CPR application
Percentage of compressions performed within the target range.
2 secondary outcomes
Provider Fatigue
Time frame: During the 2-minute CPR application
Perceived Difficulty
Time frame: Assessed immediately after each 2-minute application.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Jul 2026.
- Background: PubMed 41122891Joyner BL Jr, Dewan M, Bavare A, de Caen A, DiMaria K, Donofrio-Odmann J, Fosse G, Haskell S, Mahgoub M, Meckler G, Requist J, Schexnayder SM, Olech Smith M, Werho D, Raymond TT. Part 6: Pediatric Basic Life Support: 2025 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2025 Oct 21;152(16_suppl_2):S424-S447. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001370. Epub 2025 Oct 22.
- Background: PubMed 20956258Kleinman ME, de Caen AR, Chameides L, Atkins DL, Berg RA, Berg MD, Bhanji F, Biarent D, Bingham R, Coovadia AH, Hazinski MF, Hickey RW, Nadkarni VM, Reis AG, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Tibballs J, Zaritsky AL, Zideman D; Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support Chapter Collaborators. Part 10: Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2010 Oct 19;122(16 Suppl 2):S466-515. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971093.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data regarding CPR quality parameters (compression depth, rate, release velocity, etc.) underlying the results reported in this article will be shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Two-Finger (2F) Technique, Three-Finger (3F) Technique and Heel-of-One-Hand (HOH) Technique in people with Resuscitation and Cardiac Arrest (CA), run by Ankara City Hospital Bilkent at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Mean Chest Compression Depth (time frame: 2 minutes of CPR application). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07698340, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Jul 2026.