Nutrition EducationPNEPNCT07700173
Piaget-Based Nutrition Education in Preschools
A study testing Piaget-Based Nutrition Education Program in people with Nutrition Education and Eating Behaviour, run by Uşak University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study evaluated a six-week Piaget-based nutrition education programme for preschool children. Seven public preschools were randomized at the school level to an intervention condition (three preschools) or a usual-curriculum control condition (four preschools). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 3 to 6 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nutrition Education, Eating Behaviour, Food Consumption
- What is being tested?
- Piaget-Based Nutrition Education Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 268 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 30 Sep 2022to 30 Jun 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 3 to 6 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Mothers of children aged 3-6 attending kindergartens affiliated with the Provincial Directorate of National Education
- Mothers whose children do not have any health problems affecting their nutritional status
- Mothers aged 18 and above
- Mothers who are at least literate.
- The exclusion criteria for the study are as follows:
- Children with hearing and speech problems,
Show all 9Show fewer
- Children who do not understand or speak Turkish,
- Children with any illness or learning difficulties,
- Those who participate for a maximum of 2 weeks during the six-week nutrition training.
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Preschools affiliated with the Provincial Directorate of National Education, Uşak
Uşak, 64200
About this study
Official title: Piaget-Based Nutrition Education in Preschools: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Methods Evaluation
This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study evaluated a six-week Piaget-based nutrition education programme for preschool children. Seven public preschools were randomized at the school level to an intervention condition (three preschools) or a usual-curriculum control condition (four preschools). The intervention consisted of six weekly, approximately 30-minute, developmentally tailored sessions delivered to groups of children in their usual classrooms. Mothers completed measures of children's food consumption frequency, nutrition behavior, and eating behavior before and immediately after the programme. Following the quantitative phase, three focus groups with 18 mothers from intervention preschools explored perceived changes and helped interpret the quantitative patterns. Because preschool identifiers were not retained in the final analytical dataset, the reported child-level analyses did not adjust for clustering and are interpreted as exploratory.
- Being tested
- Piaget-Based Nutrition Education Program
- Medical subject headings
- Feeding Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Piaget-Based Nutrition Education ProgramBehavioural
The researcher delivered six weekly sessions, each lasting approximately 30 minutes, to groups of 8-15 preschool children in their usual classrooms. The programme was tailored to the preoperational stage of cognitive development and used simple language, concrete classification, play, pictures, coloring, cartoons, songs, sensory exploration, and fruit-yogurt preparation. Sessions addressed food groups; fruits; vegetables; energy- and growth-supporting foods; milk and dental health; and foods to be consumed every day or occasionally.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Piaget-Based Nutrition Education | Experimental | Children attending the three intervention preschools received the six-week Piaget-based nutrition education programme in their usual classrooms. A total of 138 mother-child dyads were allocated to intervention preschools; 130 children received at least part of the programme, and 127 dyads were included in the reported per-protocol analysis. Receives: Behavioral: Piaget-Based Nutrition Education Program |
| Usual Preschool Curriculum | No intervention | Children attending the four control preschools continued their usual preschool curriculum and did not receive the Piaget-based nutrition education programme during the study period. A total of 130 mother-child dyads were allocated to control preschools, and 111 dyads were included in the reported analysis. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from baseline in food consumption frequency
In the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire, there are foods that include 7 food groups (dairy group, meat group, vegetable group, fruit group, grain group, oil/margarine group, and sweet group) aimed at determining the child's food consumption status (Güneş et al., 2016). Food consumption frequency is recorded in nine different categories (>6/day, 4-5/day, 2-3/day, 1/day, 5-6/week, 2-4/week, 1/week, 1-3/month, 1-none/month). The Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire specific to Turkish children was developed by Güneş and colleagues in 2016. The form includes not only food items but also commonly used ingredients in Turkish cuisine. During the development phase of the form, a food atlas containing the most frequently consumed foods, beverages, and some Turkish dishes was used. Results are reported by food item or food group; the questionnaire does not yield a single total score.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
Change in Nutrition Behavior Scale (NBS) Score
In determining eating behaviors, the Nutrition Behavior Scale developed by Edmundson et al. (1996) and adapted for Turkish children by Öztürk (2010) was used. The scale consists of fourteen different items, each containing two different food items-low-fat, high-fat, salty, and unsalted-depicted in pictures and presented as choices, to determine children's food consumption. Students are asked to indicate which of the two comparable food items in each question item they eat more. The scale items receive a value of -1 for unhealthy food and +1 for healthy food. The total score ranges from -14 to +14. A high total score on the scale indicates a healthy eating habit. The reliability of the scale has been reported as r=0.76 (Öztürk, 2010).
Measured: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
Change in Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) Subscale Scores
Developed by Wardle et al. (2001), the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a 35-item parent-reported instrument that assesses children's eating behaviours on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). It comprises eight subscales: Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating, Enjoyment of Food, Desire to Drink, Satiety Responsiveness, Slowness in Eating, Emotional Undereating, and Food Fussiness. Each subscale is scored separately, with higher scores indicating a greater level of the behaviour represented by that subscale. The original instrument demonstrated an eight-factor structure, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.91. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Yılmaz et al. (2011).
Measured: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Jul 2026
- Study start30 Sep 2022
- Primary completion20 Feb 2023
- Study completion30 Jun 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nutrition EducationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Seven public preschools were randomized at the preschool (cluster) level to either the intervention condition (three preschools) or the control condition (four preschools) using a random-number table. All participating children within each preschool received the condition assigned to that preschool. Preschools were the units of randomization, and children were the units of observation.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 268 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Uşak University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Perihan Solmaz, Uşak University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07700173
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PAU-BESEG-2026-01
- Acronym
- PNEP
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 25 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Piaget-Based Nutrition Education in Preschools: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Methods Evaluation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07700173
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PNEP / PAU-BESEG-2026-01
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 268 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Uşak UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study evaluated a six-week Piaget-based nutrition education programme for preschool children. Seven public preschools were randomized at the school level to an intervention condition (three preschools) or a usual-curriculum control condition (four preschools). The intervention consisted of six weekly, approximately 30-minute, developmentally tailored sessions delivered to groups of children in their usual classrooms. Mothers completed measures of children's food consumption frequency, nutrition behavior, and eating behavior before and immediately after the programme. Following the quantitative phase, three focus groups with 18 mothers from intervention preschools explored perceived changes and helped interpret the quantitative patterns. Because preschool identifiers were not retained in the final analytical dataset, the reported child-level analyses did not adjust for clustering and are interpreted as exploratory.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Seven public preschools were randomized at the preschool (cluster) level to either the intervention condition (three preschools) or the control condition (four preschools) using a random-number table. All participating children within each preschool received the condition assigned to that preschool. Preschools were the units of randomization, and children were the units of observation.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Piaget-Based Nutrition Education | Experimental | Behavioral: Piaget-Based Nutrition Education ProgramChildren attending the three intervention preschools received the six-week Piaget-based nutrition education programme in their usual classrooms. A total of 138 mother-child dyads were allocated to intervention preschools; 130 children received at least part of the programme, and 127 dyads were included in the reported per-protocol analysis. |
| Usual Preschool Curriculum | No intervention | –Children attending the four control preschools continued their usual preschool curriculum and did not receive the Piaget-based nutrition education programme during the study period. A total of 130 mother-child dyads were allocated to control preschools, and 111 dyads were included in the reported analysis. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 3 to 6 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Mothers of children aged 3-6 attending kindergartens affiliated with the Provincial Directorate of National Education
- Mothers whose children do not have any health problems affecting their nutritional status
- Mothers aged 18 and above
- Mothers who are at least literate.
- Children with hearing and speech problems,
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Piaget-Based Nutrition Education ProgramThe researcher delivered six weekly sessions, each lasting approximately 30 minutes, to groups of 8-15 preschool children in their usual classrooms. The programme was tailored to the preoperational stage of cognitive development and used simple language, concrete classification, play, pictures, coloring, cartoons, songs, sensory exploration, and fruit-yogurt preparation. Sessions addressed food groups; fruits; vegetables; energy- and growth-supporting foods; milk and dental health; and foods to be consumed every day or occasionally. | Behavioural | Piaget-Based Nutrition Education |
Primary outcome
Change from baseline in food consumption frequency
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
In the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire, there are foods that include 7 food groups (dairy group, meat group, vegetable group, fruit group, grain group, oil/margarine group, and sweet group) aimed at determining the child's food consumption status (Güneş et al., 2016). Food consumption frequency is recorded in nine different categories (>6/day, 4-5/day, 2-3/day, 1/day, 5-6/week, 2-4/week, 1/week, 1-3/month, 1-none/month). The Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire specific to Turkish children was developed by Güneş and colleagues in 2016. The form includes not only food items but also commonly used ingredients in Turkish cuisine. During the development phase of the form, a food atlas containing the most frequently consumed foods, beverages, and some Turkish dishes was used. Results are reported by food item or food group; the questionnaire does not yield a single total score.
Change in Nutrition Behavior Scale (NBS) Score
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
In determining eating behaviors, the Nutrition Behavior Scale developed by Edmundson et al. (1996) and adapted for Turkish children by Öztürk (2010) was used. The scale consists of fourteen different items, each containing two different food items-low-fat, high-fat, salty, and unsalted-depicted in pictures and presented as choices, to determine children's food consumption. Students are asked to indicate which of the two comparable food items in each question item they eat more. The scale items receive a value of -1 for unhealthy food and +1 for healthy food. The total score ranges from -14 to +14. A high total score on the scale indicates a healthy eating habit. The reliability of the scale has been reported as r=0.76 (Öztürk, 2010).
Change in Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) Subscale Scores
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
Developed by Wardle et al. (2001), the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a 35-item parent-reported instrument that assesses children's eating behaviours on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). It comprises eight subscales: Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating, Enjoyment of Food, Desire to Drink, Satiety Responsiveness, Slowness in Eating, Emotional Undereating, and Food Fussiness. Each subscale is scored separately, with higher scores indicating a greater level of the behaviour represented by that subscale. The original instrument demonstrated an eight-factor structure, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.91. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Yılmaz et al. (2011).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Piaget-Based Nutrition Education Program in people with Nutrition Education and Eating Behaviour, run by Uşak University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from baseline in food consumption frequency (time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Aug 2026.