Obesity & OverweightNCT07703865
Effects of Monday-Thursday Sunnah Fasting on Short-Chain Fatty Acids, GLP-1, Satiety, and Nutritional Status in Obese Males
A study testing Monday-Thursday Sunnah Dry Fasting in people with Obesity & Overweight and Gut -Microbiota, run by University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta at 1 site in Indonesia.
Trial summary
This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of Monday-Thursday Sunnah fasting on fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fasting total GLP-1, appetite regulation (hunger and satiety area under the curve), dietary intake, and body composition in obese adult males in Indonesia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 years and older, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Obesity & Overweight, Gut -Microbiota
- What is being tested?
- Monday-Thursday Sunnah Dry Fasting
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 74 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndonesia
- Study dates
- 15 Sep 2025to 29 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 years and older
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Male, age ≥ 19 years
- BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² (Asia-Pacific obesity criteria)
- Waist circumference > 90 cm
- No regular intermittent fasting practice in the prior month
- No antibiotic use in the prior month
- Not currently enrolled in any dietary or weight loss program
- Muslim and willing to perform Monday-Thursday Sunnah fasting
- Residing in DKI Jakarta and surrounding areas (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang)
Who cannot join
- Diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus on oral antidiabetic agents, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists
- Coronary heart disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Regular use of probiotics, prebiotics, fiber supplements, omega-3, or herbal supplements
- Regular use of lipid-lowering agents, orlistat, appetite suppressants, or hormonal medications
Show all 9Show fewer
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Vegetarian diet
- Active smoker
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Indonesia1 site
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
South Tangerang, Banten, 15419
About this study
Official title: Effects of Monday-Thursday Sunnah Fasting on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Fasting GLP-1, Appetite Regulation, and Body Composition in Obese Adult Males: A Quasi-Experimental Study
This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of Monday-Thursday Sunnah fasting on fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fasting total GLP-1, appetite regulation (hunger and satiety area under the curve), dietary intake, and body composition in obese adult males in Indonesia.
Monday-Thursday Sunnah fasting is a twice-weekly Islamic religious practice involving complete abstention from food and water (dry fasting) from dawn (approximately 04:30) to sunset (approximately 18:00), approximately 13 hours per day, practiced by millions of Indonesian Muslims. Unlike conventional intermittent fasting protocols, Sunnah fasting is motivated by religious observance, which may enhance adherence.
Read more
Seventy-four obese adult males were enrolled (intervention n=38, control n=36). The intervention group performed 16 fasting days over 8 weeks without any caloric restriction outside fasting hours. Fecal SCFA were measured by GC-MS; fasting total GLP-1 by ELISA; appetite by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); dietary intake by 24-hour recall; and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Primary analyses used linear mixed models (LMM) controlling for baseline differences arising from the sequential allocation design.
Read the detailed description
Intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a strategy to favorably modulate gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in obesity. However, most published protocols involve wet fasting (caloric restriction with ad libitum water), which is mechanistically distinct from dry fasting. Monday-Thursday Sunnah fasting, an established Islamic practice, involves complete abstention from food and water (dry fasting) for approximately 13 hours twice weekly.
This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, from October to December 2025. Eligible participants were obese adult males (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², waist circumference > 90 cm) aged ≥ 19 years, with no recent history of antibiotic use, probiotic supplementation, or other IF practice.
Recruitment was performed sequentially: eligible participants were first assigned to the intervention group until quota was met; subsequent eligible participants were assigned to the control group. LMM was adopted as the confirmatory analysis to account for significant baseline group differences resulting from this design.
The intervention group performed Monday-Thursday dry fasting for 8 consecutive weeks (16 fasting days total). No dietary restrictions were imposed outside fasting hours. The control group maintained habitual diet and lifestyle.
Outcomes were assessed at baseline (Week 1) and endpoint (Week 8), with appetite and dietary intake also assessed at Week 4. Primary laboratory analyses (SCFA by GC-MS, GLP-1 by ELISA) were conducted at Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Indonesia.
- Conditions
- Obesity & Overweight, Gut -Microbiota
- Being tested
- Monday-Thursday Sunnah Dry Fasting
- Keywords
- Sunnah fasting, intermittent fasting, short-chain fatty acids, GLP-1, satiety, dry fasting, Indonesia
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity, Overweight, Intermittent Fasting
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Monday-Thursday Sunnah Dry FastingBehavioural
Twice-weekly daytime dry fasting (no food or water) from approximately 04:30 to 18:00 (~13 hours), performed every Monday and Thursday for 8 consecutive weeks. This practice is based on Islamic religious Sunnah. No caloric restriction was imposed outside fasting hours.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sunnah fasting | Experimental | Participants performed Monday-Thursday Sunnah dry fasting for 8 consecutive weeks (16 fasting days). Dry fasting entailed complete abstention from food and water from dawn (~04:30) to sunset (~18:00), approximately 13 hours per day. No dietary restrictions were imposed outside fasting hours. Receives: Behavioral: Monday-Thursday Sunnah Dry Fasting |
| Control | No intervention | Participants maintained their habitual diet and lifestyle without any fasting intervention for 8 weeks. Both groups were instructed not to modify physical activity or initiate new supplements during the study period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Total fecal SCFA concentration (acetate + propionate + butyrate + valerate) measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Measured: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI calculated from measured body weight (kg) and height (m²)
Measured: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Satiety Area Under the Curve (AUC)
Satiety assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at four daily timepoints (08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00); satiety AUC calculated using trapezoidal method (mm·hours)
Measured: Weeks 1, 4, and 8
Secondary outcomes (7)
Fasting Total GLP-1
Fasting plasma total GLP-1 (pmol/L) measured by validated commercial ELISA after ≥8-12 hours fasting
Measured: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Hunger AUC
Hunger assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at four daily timepoints; hunger AUC calculated using trapezoidal method (mm·hours)
Measured: Weeks 1, 4, and 8
Body Weight
Body weight (kg) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device (Omron HBF-375)
Measured: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Waist Circumference
Waist circumference (cm) measured at midpoint between lowest rib and iliac crest
Measured: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Visceral Fat Level
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) level derived from BIA (Omron HBF-375)
Measured: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Body Fat Percentage
Body fat percentage (%) measured by BIA (Omron HBF-375)
Measured: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Dietary Fiber Intake
Dietary fiber intake (g/day) assessed by three 24-hour dietary recalls per week, analyzed using Indonesian Food Composition Table 2020
Measured: Weeks 1, 4, and 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jul 2026
- Study start15 Sep 2025
- Primary completion11 Dec 2025
- Study completion29 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Obesity & OverweightStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 74 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tirta Prawita Sari, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta
- Investigators
- Tirta P Sari, Medical Doctor, Principal investigator, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07703865
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UMJ-SUNNAH-SCFA-2025
- Other IDs
- 145/PE/KE/FKK-UMJ/IX/2025
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 9 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 14 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Monday-Thursday Sunnah Fasting on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Fasting GLP-1, Appetite Regulation, and Body Composition in Obese Adult Males: A Quasi-Experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07703865
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- UMJ-SUNNAH-SCFA-2025
- Conditions
- Obesity & Overweight, Gut -Microbiota
- Keywords
- Sunnah fasting, intermittent fasting, short-chain fatty acids, GLP-1, satiety, dry fasting, Indonesia
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 74 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Muhammadiyah JakartaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 11 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 29 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of Monday-Thursday Sunnah fasting on fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fasting total GLP-1, appetite regulation (hunger and satiety area under the curve), dietary intake, and body composition in obese adult males in Indonesia.
Monday-Thursday Sunnah fasting is a twice-weekly Islamic religious practice involving complete abstention from food and water (dry fasting) from dawn (approximately 04:30) to sunset (approximately 18:00), approximately 13 hours per day, practiced by millions of Indonesian Muslims. Unlike conventional intermittent fasting protocols, Sunnah fasting is motivated by religious observance, which may enhance adherence.
Seventy-four obese adult males were enrolled (intervention n=38, control n=36). The intervention group performed 16 fasting days over 8 weeks without any caloric restriction outside fasting hours. Fecal SCFA were measured by GC-MS; fasting total GLP-1 by ELISA; appetite by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); dietary intake by 24-hour recall; and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Primary analyses used linear mixed models (LMM) controlling for baseline differences arising from the sequential allocation design.
Detailed description
Intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a strategy to favorably modulate gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in obesity. However, most published protocols involve wet fasting (caloric restriction with ad libitum water), which is mechanistically distinct from dry fasting. Monday-Thursday Sunnah fasting, an established Islamic practice, involves complete abstention from food and water (dry fasting) for approximately 13 hours twice weekly.
This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, from October to December 2025. Eligible participants were obese adult males (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², waist circumference > 90 cm) aged ≥ 19 years, with no recent history of antibiotic use, probiotic supplementation, or other IF practice.
Recruitment was performed sequentially: eligible participants were first assigned to the intervention group until quota was met; subsequent eligible participants were assigned to the control group. LMM was adopted as the confirmatory analysis to account for significant baseline group differences resulting from this design.
The intervention group performed Monday-Thursday dry fasting for 8 consecutive weeks (16 fasting days total). No dietary restrictions were imposed outside fasting hours. The control group maintained habitual diet and lifestyle.
Outcomes were assessed at baseline (Week 1) and endpoint (Week 8), with appetite and dietary intake also assessed at Week 4. Primary laboratory analyses (SCFA by GC-MS, GLP-1 by ELISA) were conducted at Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Indonesia.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sunnah fasting | Experimental | Behavioral: Monday-Thursday Sunnah Dry FastingParticipants performed Monday-Thursday Sunnah dry fasting for 8 consecutive weeks (16 fasting days). Dry fasting entailed complete abstention from food and water from dawn (~04:30) to sunset (~18:00), approximately 13 hours per day. No dietary restrictions were imposed outside fasting hours. |
| Control | No intervention | –Participants maintained their habitual diet and lifestyle without any fasting intervention for 8 weeks. Both groups were instructed not to modify physical activity or initiate new supplements during the study period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Male, age ≥ 19 years
- BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² (Asia-Pacific obesity criteria)
- Waist circumference > 90 cm
- No regular intermittent fasting practice in the prior month
- No antibiotic use in the prior month
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus on oral antidiabetic agents, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists
- Coronary heart disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Regular use of probiotics, prebiotics, fiber supplements, omega-3, or herbal supplements
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Monday-Thursday Sunnah Dry FastingTwice-weekly daytime dry fasting (no food or water) from approximately 04:30 to 18:00 (~13 hours), performed every Monday and Thursday for 8 consecutive weeks. This practice is based on Islamic religious Sunnah. No caloric restriction was imposed outside fasting hours. | Behavioural | Sunnah fasting |
Primary outcome
Total Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Total fecal SCFA concentration (acetate + propionate + butyrate + valerate) measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
BMI calculated from measured body weight (kg) and height (m²)
Satiety Area Under the Curve (AUC)
Time frame: Weeks 1, 4, and 8
Satiety assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at four daily timepoints (08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00); satiety AUC calculated using trapezoidal method (mm·hours)
7 secondary outcomes
Fasting Total GLP-1
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Hunger AUC
Time frame: Weeks 1, 4, and 8
Body Weight
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Waist Circumference
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Visceral Fat Level
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Body Fat Percentage
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8
Dietary Fiber Intake
Time frame: Weeks 1, 4, and 8
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Tirta P Sari, Medical Doctor principal investigator
University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Monday-Thursday Sunnah Dry Fasting in people with Obesity & Overweight and Gut -Microbiota, run by University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta at 1 site in Indonesia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Indonesia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids (time frame: Baseline (Week 1) and Week 8). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jul 2026.