Kidney FailureNCT07704008
The Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses Applied to Hemodialysis Patients on Vital Signs and Anxiety Level
A study testing Virtual Reality Glasses and Standard Hemodialysis Care in people with Kidney Failure and Hemodialysis, run by Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual reality glasses used during hemodialysis on patients' vital signs and anxiety levels. A total of 56 adult patients receiving hemodialysis at Dr. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Kidney Failure, Hemodialysis
- What is being tested?
- Virtual Reality Glasses and Standard Hemodialysis Care
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 56 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 3 May 2023to 27 May 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Receiving hemodialysis treatment for the first time.
- Age ≥18 years.
- No visual, hearing, or cognitive impairment.
- Able to communicate effectively.
- Clinically stable.
- No diagnosed psychiatric disorder or use of psychiatric medication.
- No history of seizures.
- Willing and able to provide informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Previous hemodialysis treatment.
- Age <18 years.
- Visual, hearing, or cognitive impairment.
- History of kidney transplantation.
- Communication difficulties.
- Diagnosed psychiatric disorder or use of psychiatric medication.
- History of seizures.
- Declined to participate in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital
Ankara, 06200
About this study
This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual reality glasses used during hemodialysis on patients' vital signs and anxiety levels. A total of 56 adult patients receiving hemodialysis at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Patients in the experimental group watched a 4K virtual reality nature video with relaxing background music during hemodialysis, while the control group received standard hemodialysis care. Vital signs, pain, anxiety, and satisfaction were assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of the virtual reality intervention.
Read the detailed description
The research was designed and conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of virtual reality glasses on the vital signs and anxiety levels of hemodialysis patients.
The study population consisted of patients diagnosed with kidney failure who received hemodialysis at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between May 2023 and May 2024. A total of 56 patients who volunteered to participate and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. These patients were randomly assigned to two homogeneous groups according to gender and type of renal failure (acute/chronic): an experimental group (n=28) and a control group (n=28).
Patients in the experimental group watched a 4K virtual reality video featuring natural scenery accompanied by relaxing background music through virtual reality glasses during hemodialysis, whereas patients in the control group received standard hemodialysis care without any additional intervention.
Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, Vital Signs Follow-up Form, Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS), State Anxiety Scale, and Visual Analog Scale for Satisfaction (VAS-Satisfaction). Ethics committee approval, institutional permission, and written informed consent were obtained before the study was conducted.
- Conditions
- Kidney Failure, Hemodialysis
- Being tested
- Virtual Reality Glasses, Standard Hemodialysis Care
- Keywords
- Hemodialysis, Virtual Reality, Virtual Reality Glasses, Anxiety, Vital Signs, Nursing, Randomized Controlled Trial
- Medical subject headings
- Renal Insufficiency, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual Reality GlassesDevice
Participants wore virtual reality glasses at the start of the hemodialysis session and viewed a 4K nature video with calming background music for 15 minutes. The intervention was administered once during the hemodialysis session in addition to standard hemodialysis care.
Standard Hemodialysis CareOther
Participants received routine hemodialysis care according to the standard clinical practice of the dialysis unit without any additional intervention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Participants received a virtual reality intervention during hemodialysis in addition to standard care. Receives: Device: Virtual Reality Glasses; Other: Standard Hemodialysis Care |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Participants received standard hemodialysis care without any additional intervention. Receives: Other: Standard Hemodialysis Care |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure
Change in systolic blood pressure measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure
Change in diastolic blood pressure measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in Heart Rate
Change in heart rate measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in Respiratory Rate
Change in respiratory rate measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Change in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in Body Temperature
Change in body temperature measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
State Anxiety Level After Hemodialysis
State anxiety measured using the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State), a 20-item questionnaire with total scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate greater levels of state anxiety. Assessment was performed immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change in Pain Score
Change in pain score measured using the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS-P), a 0-10 scale where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain. Pain was assessed before and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Participant Satisfaction Score
Participant satisfaction with the virtual reality intervention measured using the Visual Analog Scale for Satisfaction (VAS-S), a 0-10 scale where 0 indicates not satisfied at all and 10 indicates completely satisfied. Higher scores indicate greater participant satisfaction. Assessment was performed immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Measured: Immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jul 2026
- Study start3 May 2023
- Primary completion27 May 2024
- Study completion27 May 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Kidney FailureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (virtual reality intervention) or the control group (standard care) and remained in their assigned groups throughout the study.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 56 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Hilal Tüzer, Assoc. Prof., Study director, Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07704008
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AYBU-2023-208
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 15 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: The decision regarding sharing of individual participant data has not yet been finalized. Any future data sharing will be considered in accordance with institutional policies, ethical requirements, and applicable regulations.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses Applied to Hemodialysis Patients on Vital Signs and Anxiety Level
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07704008
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AYBU-2023-208
- Conditions
- Kidney Failure, Hemodialysis
- Keywords
- Hemodialysis, Virtual Reality, Virtual Reality Glasses, Anxiety, Vital Signs, Nursing, Randomized Controlled Trial
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 56 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 3 May 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 May 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 May 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual reality glasses used during hemodialysis on patients' vital signs and anxiety levels. A total of 56 adult patients receiving hemodialysis at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Patients in the experimental group watched a 4K virtual reality nature video with relaxing background music during hemodialysis, while the control group received standard hemodialysis care. Vital signs, pain, anxiety, and satisfaction were assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of the virtual reality intervention.
Detailed description
The research was designed and conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of virtual reality glasses on the vital signs and anxiety levels of hemodialysis patients.
The study population consisted of patients diagnosed with kidney failure who received hemodialysis at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between May 2023 and May 2024. A total of 56 patients who volunteered to participate and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. These patients were randomly assigned to two homogeneous groups according to gender and type of renal failure (acute/chronic): an experimental group (n=28) and a control group (n=28).
Patients in the experimental group watched a 4K virtual reality video featuring natural scenery accompanied by relaxing background music through virtual reality glasses during hemodialysis, whereas patients in the control group received standard hemodialysis care without any additional intervention.
Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, Vital Signs Follow-up Form, Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS), State Anxiety Scale, and Visual Analog Scale for Satisfaction (VAS-Satisfaction). Ethics committee approval, institutional permission, and written informed consent were obtained before the study was conducted.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (virtual reality intervention) or the control group (standard care) and remained in their assigned groups throughout the study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Device: Virtual Reality Glasses, Other: Standard Hemodialysis CareParticipants received a virtual reality intervention during hemodialysis in addition to standard care. |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Other: Standard Hemodialysis CareParticipants received standard hemodialysis care without any additional intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Receiving hemodialysis treatment for the first time.
- Age ≥18 years.
- No visual, hearing, or cognitive impairment.
- Able to communicate effectively.
- Clinically stable.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Previous hemodialysis treatment.
- Age <18 years.
- Visual, hearing, or cognitive impairment.
- History of kidney transplantation.
- Communication difficulties.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality GlassesParticipants wore virtual reality glasses at the start of the hemodialysis session and viewed a 4K nature video with calming background music for 15 minutes. The intervention was administered once during the hemodialysis session in addition to standard hemodialysis care. | Device | Experimental Group |
| Standard Hemodialysis CareParticipants received routine hemodialysis care according to the standard clinical practice of the dialysis unit without any additional intervention. | Other | Control Group, Experimental Group |
Primary outcome
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure
Time frame: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in systolic blood pressure measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure
Time frame: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in diastolic blood pressure measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Change in Heart Rate
Time frame: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in heart rate measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Change in Respiratory Rate
Time frame: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in respiratory rate measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Change in Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Time frame: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
Change in Body Temperature
Time frame: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Change in body temperature measured before and after the hemodialysis session.
State Anxiety Level After Hemodialysis
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
State anxiety measured using the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State), a 20-item questionnaire with total scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate greater levels of state anxiety. Assessment was performed immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
2 secondary outcomes
Change in Pain Score
Time frame: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Participant Satisfaction Score
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. The decision regarding sharing of individual participant data has not yet been finalized. Any future data sharing will be considered in accordance with institutional policies, ethical requirements, and applicable regulations.
Related trials for Kidney Failure
Active, not recruitingPhase 2
Safety and Efficacy of Empagliflozin in Hemodialysis
End Stage Renal Disease
RecruitingPhase 3
Study to Assess the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Atrasentan in Pediatric Patients With Primary IgAN
Berger Disease, Bergers Disease
RecruitingPhase 1
Serial Amnioinfusions as Regenerative Therapy for Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Renal Failure Congenital, Congenital Renal Anomaly Nos
Recruiting
NightWare and Cardiovascular Health in Women With PTSD
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Cardiovascular Diseases
Recruiting
Investigating Vascular Properties of HEMI and SPG Signals in Individuals With or at Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension (HTN)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hilal Tüzer, Assoc. Prof. study director
Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual Reality Glasses and Standard Hemodialysis Care in people with Kidney Failure and Hemodialysis, run by Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure (time frame: Baseline (before the hemodialysis session) and immediately after completion of the hemodialysis session.). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jul 2026.