Procedural AnxietyAIVIPNCT07704112
Artificial Intelligence-Supported Visual Guide for Preschool Children Undergoing Medical Procedures
A study testing AI-Supported Visual Guide in people with Procedural Anxiety and Procedural Pain, run by Istanbul Bilgi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Children frequently experience anxiety, pain, and negative behavioral changes during common medical procedures such as venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 3 to 6 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Procedural Anxiety, Procedural Pain, Behavioral Changes
- What is being tested?
- AI-Supported Visual Guide
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Injection or infusion, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 110 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 14 Apr 2026to 30 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 3 to 6 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Children aged 3-6 years.
- Scheduled to undergo venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, or peripheral intravenous catheter insertion at participating family health centers.
- Able to understand Turkish.
- Parent or legal guardian provided written informed consent.
- Child provided verbal assent when developmentally appropriate.
Who cannot join
- Diagnosed neurological, developmental, or psychiatric disorders that could interfere with behavioral assessment.
- Visual or hearing impairment preventing participation in the intervention.
- Administration of sedative or analgesic medication before the procedure.
- Previous participation in this study.
- Parent or child unwilling to participate.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of an Artificial Intelligence-Supported Visual Guide on Procedural Anxiety, Pain, and Post-Procedural Behavioral Changes in Preschool Children Undergoing Common Medical Procedures: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Children frequently experience anxiety, pain, and negative behavioral changes during common medical procedures such as venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Providing developmentally appropriate procedural preparation before these procedures may improve children's experiences and reduce procedure-related distress.
This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI)-supported visual guide developed to prepare preschool children aged 3-6 years for common medical procedures. The intervention consists of standardized 1-3-minute procedure-specific educational videos created using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google DeepMind) and finalized using CapCut. The videos incorporate researcher-developed educational scripts, AI-generated illustrations, and AI-generated voice narration to provide child-friendly, visually engaging, and developmentally appropriate procedural preparation.
A total of 110 children are randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the AI-supported visual guide before the procedure or a control group receiving routine care. The primary outcome is procedural anxiety assessed using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). Secondary outcomes include procedural pain measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale and post-procedural behavioral changes measured using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS).
Read the detailed description
Medical procedures such as venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion are among the most common sources of anxiety and distress in preschool children. Inadequate preparation before these procedures may increase procedural anxiety, pain perception, and negative behavioral responses, potentially affecting future healthcare experiences and treatment adherence. Developmentally appropriate, child-centered educational interventions are recommended to improve children's understanding of medical procedures and reduce procedure-related distress.
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly multimodal generative AI systems, have created new opportunities for developing personalized, engaging, and age-appropriate educational materials. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of AI-generated visual preparation tools in reducing procedural anxiety, pain, and post-procedural behavioral changes in preschool children remains limited.
This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of an AI-supported visual guide developed specifically for preschool children aged 3-6 years undergoing common medical procedures in family health centers. The intervention consists of standardized procedure-specific educational videos created using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google DeepMind) and finalized using CapCut. Educational scripts are developed by the research team based on evidence related to trauma-informed care, child- and family-centered care, procedural preparation, and non-pharmacological interventions. AI-generated illustrations and voice narration are combined with researcher-developed content to produce four standardized educational videos for venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Each video lasts approximately 1-3 minutes and introduces the healthcare environment, healthcare professionals, medical equipment, procedural steps, and positive reinforcement following completion of the procedure.
Children are randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the AI-supported visual guide approximately 15 minutes before the medical procedure or a control group receiving routine care. Procedural anxiety is assessed using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) before, during, and immediately after the procedure. Procedural pain is assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale, while post-procedural behavioral changes are evaluated 15 days after the procedure using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS).
The primary objective of the study is to determine whether AI-supported visual preparation reduces procedural anxiety in preschool children. Secondary objectives are to evaluate its effects on procedural pain and post-procedural behavioral changes. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-assisted, child-centered visual education as a standardized, scalable, and non-pharmacological intervention for procedural preparation in preschool children undergoing common medical procedures.
- Conditions
- Procedural Anxiety, Procedural Pain, Behavioral Changes
- Being tested
- AI-Supported Visual Guide
- Keywords
- Artificial Intelligence, Preschool Children, Medical Procedures, Procedural Preparation, Procedural Anxiety, Procedural Pain, PHBQ-AS, mYPAS, FLACC, Pediatric Nursing, Child-Centered Care, Family Health Centers, Randomized Controlled Trial, Non-pharmacological Intervention, Digital Health, Google Gemini, CapCut
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Procedural
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AI-Supported Visual GuideBehavioural
A standardized 1-3-minute, AI-supported, procedure-specific educational video developed using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro and finalized using CapCut. The videos included researcher-developed educational scripts, AI-generated illustrations, and AI-generated voice narration to prepare preschool children for venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. The videos were shown approximately 15 minutes before the procedure.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| AI-Supported Visual Guide | Experimental | Preschool children received the AI-supported visual guide approximately 15 minutes before venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, or peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in addition to routine care. Receives: Behavioral: AI-Supported Visual Guide |
| Routine Care | No intervention | Preschool children received routine pre-procedural care without structured visual preparation. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Procedural Anxiety
Procedural anxiety measured using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). The mYPAS total score ranges from 23.3 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater procedural anxiety.
Measured: Immediately before, during, and immediately after the medical procedure.
Secondary outcomes (2)
Procedural Pain
Procedural pain assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale. Total scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater procedural pain.
Measured: Immediately after the medical procedure.
Post-Procedural Behavioral Changes
Post-procedural behavioral changes assessed using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS). Total scores range from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating more negative post-procedural behavioral changes.
Measured: 15 days after the medical procedure.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jul 2026
- Study start14 Apr 2026
- Primary completion15 May 2026
- Study completion30 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Procedural AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention group receiving an AI-supported procedure-specific visual guide before the medical procedure or a control group receiving routine care. Participants remained in their assigned group throughout the study, and outcomes were compared between the two parallel groups.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Bilgi University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, ebru temizsoy, Istanbul Bilgi University
- Investigators
- Ebru Temizsoy, PhD,RN, Principal investigator, İstanbul Bilgi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07704112
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2026-40161-037
- Acronym
- AIVIP
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 4 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 15 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of an Artificial Intelligence-Supported Visual Guide on Procedural Anxiety, Pain, and Post-Procedural Behavioral Changes in Preschool Children Undergoing Common Medical Procedures: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07704112
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AIVIP / 2026-40161-037
- Conditions
- Procedural Anxiety, Procedural Pain, Behavioral Changes
- Keywords
- Artificial Intelligence, Preschool Children, Medical Procedures, Procedural Preparation, Procedural Anxiety, Procedural Pain, PHBQ-AS, mYPAS
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Bilgi UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 14 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 May 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Children frequently experience anxiety, pain, and negative behavioral changes during common medical procedures such as venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Providing developmentally appropriate procedural preparation before these procedures may improve children's experiences and reduce procedure-related distress.
This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI)-supported visual guide developed to prepare preschool children aged 3-6 years for common medical procedures. The intervention consists of standardized 1-3-minute procedure-specific educational videos created using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google DeepMind) and finalized using CapCut. The videos incorporate researcher-developed educational scripts, AI-generated illustrations, and AI-generated voice narration to provide child-friendly, visually engaging, and developmentally appropriate procedural preparation.
A total of 110 children are randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the AI-supported visual guide before the procedure or a control group receiving routine care. The primary outcome is procedural anxiety assessed using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). Secondary outcomes include procedural pain measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale and post-procedural behavioral changes measured using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS).
Detailed description
Medical procedures such as venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion are among the most common sources of anxiety and distress in preschool children. Inadequate preparation before these procedures may increase procedural anxiety, pain perception, and negative behavioral responses, potentially affecting future healthcare experiences and treatment adherence. Developmentally appropriate, child-centered educational interventions are recommended to improve children's understanding of medical procedures and reduce procedure-related distress.
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly multimodal generative AI systems, have created new opportunities for developing personalized, engaging, and age-appropriate educational materials. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of AI-generated visual preparation tools in reducing procedural anxiety, pain, and post-procedural behavioral changes in preschool children remains limited.
This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of an AI-supported visual guide developed specifically for preschool children aged 3-6 years undergoing common medical procedures in family health centers. The intervention consists of standardized procedure-specific educational videos created using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google DeepMind) and finalized using CapCut. Educational scripts are developed by the research team based on evidence related to trauma-informed care, child- and family-centered care, procedural preparation, and non-pharmacological interventions. AI-generated illustrations and voice narration are combined with researcher-developed content to produce four standardized educational videos for venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Each video lasts approximately 1-3 minutes and introduces the healthcare environment, healthcare professionals, medical equipment, procedural steps, and positive reinforcement following completion of the procedure.
Children are randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the AI-supported visual guide approximately 15 minutes before the medical procedure or a control group receiving routine care. Procedural anxiety is assessed using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) before, during, and immediately after the procedure. Procedural pain is assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale, while post-procedural behavioral changes are evaluated 15 days after the procedure using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS).
The primary objective of the study is to determine whether AI-supported visual preparation reduces procedural anxiety in preschool children. Secondary objectives are to evaluate its effects on procedural pain and post-procedural behavioral changes. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-assisted, child-centered visual education as a standardized, scalable, and non-pharmacological intervention for procedural preparation in preschool children undergoing common medical procedures.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention group receiving an AI-supported procedure-specific visual guide before the medical procedure or a control group receiving routine care. Participants remained in their assigned group throughout the study, and outcomes were compared between the two parallel groups.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| AI-Supported Visual Guide | Experimental | Behavioral: AI-Supported Visual GuidePreschool children received the AI-supported visual guide approximately 15 minutes before venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, or peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in addition to routine care. |
| Routine Care | No intervention | –Preschool children received routine pre-procedural care without structured visual preparation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 3 to 6 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Children aged 3-6 years.
- Scheduled to undergo venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, or peripheral intravenous catheter insertion at participating family health centers.
- Able to understand Turkish.
- Parent or legal guardian provided written informed consent.
- Child provided verbal assent when developmentally appropriate.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Diagnosed neurological, developmental, or psychiatric disorders that could interfere with behavioral assessment.
- Visual or hearing impairment preventing participation in the intervention.
- Administration of sedative or analgesic medication before the procedure.
- Previous participation in this study.
- Parent or child unwilling to participate.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AI-Supported Visual GuideA standardized 1-3-minute, AI-supported, procedure-specific educational video developed using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro and finalized using CapCut. The videos included researcher-developed educational scripts, AI-generated illustrations, and AI-generated voice narration to prepare preschool children for venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. The videos were shown approximately 15 minutes before the procedure. | Behavioural | AI-Supported Visual Guide |
Primary outcome
Procedural Anxiety
Time frame: Immediately before, during, and immediately after the medical procedure.
Procedural anxiety measured using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). The mYPAS total score ranges from 23.3 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater procedural anxiety.
2 secondary outcomes
Procedural Pain
Time frame: Immediately after the medical procedure.
Post-Procedural Behavioral Changes
Time frame: 15 days after the medical procedure.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ebru Temizsoy, PhD,RN principal investigator
İstanbul Bilgi University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing AI-Supported Visual Guide in people with Procedural Anxiety and Procedural Pain, run by Istanbul Bilgi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Procedural Anxiety (time frame: Immediately before, during, and immediately after the medical procedure.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jul 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 31 Oct 2026.